AhmadLang / Java, How To Program, 2004

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Appendix A. Operator Precedence Chart

Section A.1. Operator Precedence

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A.1. Operator Precedence

Operators are shown in decreasing order of precedence from top to bottom (Fig. A.1).

Figure A.1. Operator precedence chart.

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Appendix B. ASCII Character Set

Figure B.1. ASCII Character Set.

The digits at the left of the table are the left digits of the decimal equivalent (0127) of the character code, and the digits at the top of the table are the right digits of the character code. For example, the character code for "F" is 70, and the character code for "&" is 38.

Most users of this book are interested in the ASCII character set used to represent English characters on many computers. The ASCII character set is a subset of the Unicode character set used by Java to represent characters from most of the world's languages. For more information on the Unicode character set, see Appendix F.

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Appendix C. Keywords and Reserved Words

Figure C.1. Java keywords.

Java Keywords

Java also contains the reserved words true and false, which are boolean literals, and null, which is the literal that represents a reference to nothing. Like keywords, these reserved words cannot be used as identifiers.

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Appendix D. Primitive Types

Figure D.1. Java primitive types.

4.94065645841246544e324 to

1.7976931348623157E+308

For more information on IEEE 754 visit grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/. For more information on Unicode, see Appendix F, Unicode®.

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Appendix E. (On CD) Number Systems

Here are only numbers ratified.

William Shakespeare

Nature has some sort of arithmetic-geometrical coordinate system, because nature has all kinds of models. What we experience of nature is in models, and all of nature's models are so beautiful.

It struck me that nature's system must be a real beauty, because in chemistry we find that the associations are always in beautiful whole numbersthere are no fractions.

Richard Buckminster Fuller

Appendix E (pages 14031415) is located on the CD that accompanies this book in printable Adobe® Acrobat PDF format. You can download Adobe® Reader® from

www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

In the index, page references for all the CD appendices appear in red. Defining occurrences of terms in the CD appendices appear in bold red.]

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Appendix F. (On CD) Unicode®

Appendix F (pages 14161426) is located on the CD that accompanies this book in printable Adobe® Acrobat PDF format. You can download Adobe® Reader® from

www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html

In the index, page references for all the CD appendices appear in red. Defining occurrences of terms in the CD appendices appear in bold red.]

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Appendix G. Using the Java API

Documentation

Section G.1. Introduction

Section G.2. Navigating the Java API

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G.1. Introduction

The Java class library contains thousands of predefined classes and interfaces that programmers can use to write their own applications. These classes are grouped into packages based on their functionality. For example, the classes and interfaces used for file processing are grouped into the java.io package, and the classes and interfaces for networking applications are grouped into the java.net package. The Java API documentation lists the public and protected members of each class and the public members of each interface in the Java class library. The documentation overviews all the classes and interfaces, summarizes their members (i.e., the fields, constructors and methods of classes, and the fields and methods of interfaces) and provides detailed descriptions of each member. Most Java programmers rely on this documentation when writing programs. Normally, programmers would search the API to find the following:

1.The package that contains a particular class or interface.

2.Relationships between a particular class or interface and other classes and interfaces.

3.Class or interface constantsnormally declared as public static final fields.

4.Constructors to determine how an object of the class can be initialized.

5.The methods of a class to determine whether they are static or non-static, the number and types of the arguments you need to pass, the return types and any exceptions that might be thrown from the method.

In addition, programmers often rely on the documentation to discover classes and interfaces that they have not used before. For this reason, we demonstrate the documentation with classes you know and classes you may not have studied yet. We show how to use the documentation to locate the information you need to use a class or interface effectively.

[Note: Sun Microsystems has renamed the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition version 1.5.0 to Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition version 5.0. However, they decided not to replace the occurrences of 1.5.0 with 5.0 in the documentation. Although the URLs that represent the documentation on Sun's Java Web site work with 5.0 in the URL, these URLs are redirected to ones that replace the 5.0 with 1.5.0. For this reason, all URLs in this appendix are listed with 1.5.0 in the URL.]

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