Unit 1 aquaculture Active vocabulary

bait	приманка, наживка
bait fish	рыба для наживки
breeding	разведение
brood stock	маточное стадо
cage	садок, клетка, изолятор
captivity	неволя
capture fisheries	прудовое рыбоводство
feed	кормление, питание
feed-to-flesh	откорм
finfish	рыбные объекты
food fishes	рыба для пищи
hatchery, hatcher	инкубатор
husbandry	хозяйство
meet requirements	отвечать требованиям
net-pen	огороженное место сетями для выращивания объектов марикультуры, садок
nutritional	питательный, пищевой
pisciculture	рыбоводство
pond	пруд
propagation	размножение, воспроизводство
race way	рыбоходный канал, зд. Лоток
rear	выращивать, выводить, культивировать
recreational fishery	развлекательное рыболовство (платная рыбалка)
shellfish	нерыбные объекты(ракообразные, моллюски и т.д.)
streams	водные потоки, ручьи
subsistence aquaculture	аквакультура для пропитания
tank	бак, цистерна

1 Aquaculture

1.1 Read the following international words and translate them. (Mind the part of speech).

Type, practice, popular, percent, organisms, controlled, culture, mollusks, commercial, products, ornamental, methods.

0. 1.2 Give Russian equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

Aquatic animals and plants, aquatic environment, salt water, fresh water, fish culture, aquatic species, controlled conditions, underwater agriculture, one-fish culture, the Roman Empire, commercial fishing, wild fish, fish farming.

1.3 Read and translate the text with the help of a dictionary.

Aquaculture, a type of agriculture, is the practice of cultivating aquatic animals and plants in managed aquatic environments. Aquaculture in salt-water or marine environments is called mariculture. Fish culture, or pisciculture, refers to the husbandry of finfish. The most popular aquaculture species are finfish grown in fresh waters, accounting for over 40 percent of total aquaculture production.

Agriculture is the rearing of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions. More simply, aquaculture is underwater agriculture. The concept is not new. One-fish culture began in China perhaps as much as 4000 years ago. The Egyptian tombs have pictographs indicating that certain types of fishes were being reared during the days of the Pharaohs, and oyster culture was being practiced under the Roman Empire.

Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish Mariculture refers to aquaculture practised in marine environments.

The output, as reported, from aquaculture would supply one half of the fish and shellfish that is directly consumed by humans.

However, there are issues about the reliability of the reported figures. Further, in current aquaculture practice, products from several pounds of wild fish are used to produce one pound of a piscivorous fish like salmon.

Particular kinds of aquaculture include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, algaeculture (such as seaweed farming), and the cultivation of ornamental fish. Particular methods include aquaponics, which integrates fish farming and plant farming.