Advanced C 1992

nValue, 522

OpenFile, 533-545, 565, 569, 572, 598, 601

param, 598, 601

pBuffer, 561, 567-569, 572, 575 pBuffer1, 559

pBuffer2, 559 pDestination, 559-560 pEnd, 588, 591-592 pMultiByte, 557 Pointer, 540

Position, 535, 543 previous, 601 pSource, 559-560 pWideChar, 557 pWideCharacters, 605 SizeToAllocate, 556 startime, 531 Structure, 563

szBuffer, 536, 539, 546, 581, 604 szCharacters, 586-588

szChars, 580, 587 szCommand, 594

szDestination, 577, 580, 584-585, 593, 605-606

szFileName, 537, 541, 568, 596 szFormat, 538, 542, 564, 569, 577,

581, 601-604 szInput, 577 szMode, 541 szNewName, 568 szOldName, 568

szSource, 577, 580, 584-585, 593 szString, 526-527, 556-558, 565,

578-580, 583, 586-592 szString1, 578-579, 584 szString2, 578-579, 584 szTokenSep, 589

Time, 562, 581

TimeBuffer, 530 TimeValue, 546, 553, 595 type, 598

VarArgs, 601-604

WideChar, 606 width, 527

x, 537, 564 y, 537, 564

PASCAL keyword, 7 Pascal language, 442

calling C functions, 462 calling from C, 449-450 routine types, 437

pBuffer parameter, 561, 567-569, 572, 575

pBuffer1 parameter, 559 pBuffer2 parameter, 559 pDestination parameter, 559-560 pEnd parameter, 588, 591-592 perror() function, 563

Phar Lap 386/DOS-Extender product, 658

PICTURE_FIELD identifier, 473 pMultiByte parameter, 557 Pointer parameter, 540

pointers, 66-68 arrays as, 55 arrays of, 58-62 far, 17

function, 114-115, 119-120 incrementing, 67

indexing, 89 list, 346 misusing, 649

modifying variables, 72 near, 17

NULL, 345

C C C

CCC

C C C

HELLO.PAS, 442 HELLOCPP.CPP, 697 INDEX.C, 368-382 JUSTIFY.C, 103-109, 136-137 LIFETIME.C, 40-41 LINKLIST.C, 347-359 MACROS.C, 625-628 MAINARGS.C, 101-102 MALLOC2.C, 230-231 MAXIMUM.ASM, 447-448 MAXIMUM.C, 450-451 MENU1.C, 121-129 MERGFILE.C, 330-334 modification, 656

multifile compiling, 164 linking, 164-165

NUMWORD.C, 76-77 NUMWORD1.C, 79-81 NUMWORD3.COD, 82-85 NUMWORD4.COD, 85-89 OFFSETOF.C, 213-215 overlay, 670

POINTERS.C, 69-72

PRNPORT.C, 289-295 prototyping, 162 PURGFILE.C, 336-341 RAGSTR.C, 95-96 READCOMM.C, 309-317 REPEAT.C, 59-60 SCOPE.C, 37 SCOPE1.C, 38-39 SENDCOMM.C, 301-308 SORTALOC.C, 244-246 SORTFILE.C, 323-326 STDAUX.C, 273-274 STDFILE.C, 276-278 STDPRN.C, 275-276

STRUCT1.C, 193-194

STRUCT2.C, 195-197

STRUCT3.C, 200-202

STRUCT4.C, 203-205

STRUCTA.C, 198-199

STRUPTR.C, 216-219

TEXTFILE.C, 252-256

TWOFILE1.C, 171-175

TWOFILE2.C, 176-178 UNION.C, 220-225 VARGS.C, 513-515 WCHBYTE.C, 152-153

protected-mode environments, 231 protecting strings, 90-92 PROTOTYP.H header file, 170,

180-181

prototypes, function, 164, 497-499, 723

prototyping programs, 162 pSource parameter, 559-560 PullDown() function, 133 _PUNCT identifier, 502 PURGFILE.C program, 336-341 purging files, 321, 336, 341-344 putc() function, 270, 564 putch() function, 281

putchar() function, 270-272, 565 puts() function, 270-272, 565 putw() function, 270 pWideChar parameter, 557 pWideCharacters parameter, 605

Q

qsort() function, 114, 246, 322, 517, 566

QuickC for Windows compiler, 690-692

advantages, 690 debugger, 657 disadvantages, 691-692

R

ragged-right string arrays, 92 RAGSTR.C program, 95-96 raise() function, 566

rand() function, 516, 567 random numbers, 516 read only file attribute, 250 read() function, 279

READCOMM.C program, 309-317 reading dBASE files, 474

realloc() function, 237-238, 243-244, 567

record status byte, 473 records

adding, 384-385 column definition, 471 displaying, 386

field definition, 471 retrieving, 386

recursive, 114 redefining macros, 637

redundant bytes, packing, 670 reference variables

as return values, 711 in C++, 710

references, structure, 194 register keyword, 9 registers

DLL, 301

DLM, 301 interrupt enable, 300

interrupt identifier, 300 line control, 301

line status, 301 LSB, 300

modem control, 301 MODEM status, 301 MSB, 300

remove( ) function, 267, 568 rename() function, 568 REPEAT.C program, 59-60 reserved

keywords, 7-10 library names, 10-11

retrieving records, 386 return keyword, 9 return values, 498

rewind( ) function, 270, 568 right side, 393

rmtmp() function, 270 root nodes, 393, 420

S

s field, 612, 618

saving index arrays, 389

scanf() family of functions, 614-619 scanf() function, 270-271, 569 SCHAR_MAX identifier, 21, 508 SCHAR_MIN identifier, 21, 508 scope, 37

global, 31 local, 31

SCOPE.C program, 37 SCOPE1.C program, 38-39 scratch variables, 644

Search() function, 395, 418-419 search.h header file, 511 SearchAndAdd( ) function, 395,

417-419 searches

binary, 383-386, 426 linear, 345, 367, 383-384

SearchRecord() function, 395 SEEK_CUR constant, 515 SEEK_CUR origin point, 543 SEEK_END constant, 515 SEEK_END origin point, 543 SEEK_SET constant, 515 SEEK_SET origin point, 543 segments, 17

code, 670 data, 670

SENDCOMM.C program, 301-308 serial boards, 296-300

setbuf() function, 270, 569 setjmp() function, 512, 570 setlocale() function, 509, 571 sets, ASCII character, 680 setvbuf() function, 270, 572 shared variables, 164

shells, 162

short keyword, 9 short modifier, 20

SHRT_MAX identifier, 22, 509 SHRT_MIN identifier, 22, 508 SIG_ACK predefined action, 574 SIG_DFL predefined action, 574 SIG_IGN predefined action, 574 SIGABRT value, 512 SIGBREAK value, 512

SIGFPE value, 512 SIGILL value, 512 SIGINT value, 512 signal() function, 573 signal.h header file, 512 signed keyword, 7 SIGSEGV value, 512 SIGTERM value, 512

sin( ) function, 574 single-dimensional arrays, intializing,

52

sinh() function, 575 size_t identifier, 500 sizeof keyword, 9

SizeToAllocate parameter, 556 Small memory model, 673 sopen() function, 279 sort/merges, 330

SORTALOC.C program, 244-246 SORTFILE.C program, 323-326 sorting files, 322, 343-344

source code profilers, 672 source files, 161

compiling, 162-163 linking, 162-163

_SPACE identifier, 502 specifiers

format, 614 width, 112

speed registers, 301 spreadsheets, 467 sprint() function, 92

sprintf() function, 270, 575 sqrt() function, 576

srand() function, 516, 576 sscanf() function, 270, 576 startime parameter, 531 state

machines, 135-136 variables, 135

statements

#include, 166-167 typedef, 167

static keyword, 9 static modifier, 40

static variables, declaring, 30

C C C

CCC

C C C

defining, 191 initializing, 192 _item, 416

of arrays, 200-202 of structures, 203 _page, 416 pointers to, 216 references, 194

STRUPTR.C program, 216-219 strxfrm() function, 592

switch keyword, 10 switch() function, 136 system dependent, 231 system file attribute, 250

system() function, 516, 593 systems, number

binary, 141-142 decimal, 139-141 hex, 142-144 octal, 144-145

szBuffer parameter, 536, 539, 546, 581, 604

szCharacters parameter, 586-588 szChars parameter, 580, 587 szColumnName field, 472 szCommand parameter, 594 szDestination parameter, 577, 580,

584-585, 593, 605-606 szFileName parameter, 537, 541,

568, 596

szFormat parameter, 538, 542, 564, 569, 577, 581, 601-604

szInput parameter, 577 szMode parameter, 541 szNewName parameter, 568 szOldName parameter, 568 szSource parameter, 577, 580,

584-585, 593

szString parameter, 526-527, 556-558,

565, 578-580, 583, 586-592 szString1 parameter, 578-579, 584 szString2 parameter, 578-579, 584 szTokenSep parameter, 589

T

tag_name, 192 tan() function, 594

tanh() function, 594 tell() function, 279 tempnam() function, 270 temporary

variables, 663

work files, 256, 267-268 testing

alpha, 642 beta, 642 bits, 158

identifiers, 630-631 nested, 633

text files, 251-252 TEXTFILE.C program, 252-256 Time parameter, 562, 581

time() function, 595 time.h header file, 518 TimeBuffer parameter, 530

TimeValue parameter, 546, 553, 595 Tiny memory model, 673

tmpfile() function, 256, 268-270, 596 tmpnam() function, 256, 266, 270,

596

token paste operator (##), 624 tolower() function, 503, 597 tolower(_c) macro, 504 toupper() function, 503, 597 toupper(_c) macro, 504 transmit buffer, 300

tree access method, 321

TreePrint() function, 395, 424 truncation, 45

Turbo Debugger, 657, 683 TWOFILE.H header file, 178 TWOFILE.MAK MAKE file

advanced version, 184-186 simple version, 183

TWOFILE1.C program, 171-175 TWOFILE2.C program, 176-178 type casting, 41-42

type parameter, 598 typedef keyword, 10, 208 typedef statement, 167

TYPEDEF.H header file, 168-169, 180

U

u field, 612, 617

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter), 296

UCHAR_MAX identifier, 21, 508 UINT_MAX identifier, 22, 509 ULONG_MAX identifier, 22, 509 #undef directive, 637

UnderFlow() function, 395, 427 ungetc() function, 270, 597 ungetch() function, 281

union keyword, 10 UNION.C program, 220-225 unions, 219-220, 225 unititialized variables, 643

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter (UART), 296

unlink() function, 267 unsigned int constants, 26 unsigned keyword, 10 unsigned modifier, 20 updating dBASE files, 494

_UPPER identifier, 502 user interfaces, 162

USHRT_MAX identifier, 22, 509 utilities

DEBUG, 146 DOS SORT, 322 LIB, 182

WDISASM, 437-438

V

va_ function, 600 va_arg() function, 598 va_start() function, 601 values

default parameter, 706 E2BIG, 504 EACCES, 504 EAGAIN, 505 EBADF, 505 EDEADLOCK, 505 EDOM, 505 EEXIST, 505 EINVAL, 505 EMFILE, 505 ENOENT, 505 ENOEXEC, 505 ENOMEM, 505 ENOSPC, 505 ERANGE, 505 EXDEV, 505

return, 498 SIGABRT, 512 SIGBREAK, 512 SIGFPE, 512 SIGILL, 512 SIGINT, 512

SIGSEGV, 512

SIGTERM, 512

VarArgs parameter, 601-604 varargs.h header file, 518 VARGS.C program, 513-515 variables, 35

automatic, 644 bDay, 471

bfHasMemo, 470 bfVERSION, 470 bMonth, 471 bYear, 470 declaring, 704 external, 40, 171 global, 644

initializing, 15, 35-36 integer, defining, 30 life span, 39 lNumberRecords, 471 nColumnCount, 483

nCurrentParameter, 112 nFirstRecordOffset, 471 nLineWidth, 113 nRecordLength, 471 reference

as return values, 711 in C++, 710

scope, 37 scratch, 644 shared, 164 size, 465 state, 135

static, declaring, 30 temporary, 663 type, 465

type casting, 41-42

types, 35-36 unititialized, 643

VARS.H header file, 169-170, 180 version codes, 470

vfprintf() function, 271, 601 VIDEO debugger, 657 video I/O, direct, 667

void keyword, 10 volatile identifier, 7, 500

vprintf() function, 271-272, 602 vsprintf() function, 271, 604

W

Watcom C/386 compiler, 438, 659, 692-694

WCHBYTE.C program, 152-153 wcstombs() function, 605 wctomb() function, 606 WDISASM utility, 437-438 while keyword, 10

whitespace characters, 550 WideChar parameter, 606 width parameter, 527 width specifier, 112

Windows NT operating system, 659 work files, temporary, 256, 267-268 Workshop program, 682

write() function, 279

writing code in multiple languages, 435-436

X—Z

x and X fields, 613-616