Advanced C 1992

DBL_MIN_10_EXP constant, 506 DBL_MIN_10_EXP identifier, 23 DBL_MIN_EXP constant, 507 DBL_MIN_EXP identifier, 23 DBL_RADIX identifier, 23 DBL_ROUNDS identifier, 23 DBREAD.C program, 474-482 DBWRITE.C program, 484-493 de-dup, 336

DEBUG utility, 146 debuggers

Codeview, 656

QuickC for Windows, 657 services, 655-656

Turbo Debugger, 657 VIDEO, 657

see also, debugging debugging, 641-642 alpha testing, 642

assert() macro, 650-652 beta testing, 642

bugs

automatic variables, 644 global variables, 644 improper array bounds, 648 macro side effects, 644 misused operators, 643 misused pointers, 649 operator precedence, 645-648 order of evaluation, 649 unititialized variables, 643 variable sizes and types, 645

rules, 649-650

without debuggers, 652

see also, debuggers, 655-656 decimal number system, 139-141 declarations, 30-33

declaring

arrays, 46-47 structures, 197 variables, 704 default keyword, 8

#define directive, 625 DEFINE.H header file, 179 defined( ) operator, 624 defines.h header file, 167 defining

arrays, 47-48 macros, 625 structures, 191

definitions, 33-35 Delete() function, 395 deleted flag byte, 473

DeleteItem() function, 395, 417, 426-428

DeleteRecord( ) function, 394 delimiters

“, 166 <, 166 >, 166

DEMO.FOR program, 441 denominator parameter, 531, 552 dependency lines, 184 destructors, 714

difftime() function, 531 _DIGIT identifier, 502 dIntegral parameter, 562 direct port I/O, 288-289 direct video I/O, 667 directives

#define, 625 #elif, 633 #else, 632

#endif, 633-634 #error, 628

#if, 629-630

#ifdef, 630-631 #ifndef, 631-632 #include, 629 #line, 634-635 #pragma, 635 #undef, 637

conditional preprocessor, 634 directory file attribute, 250

disk files fixed-field, 392 indexes in, 390

disk-based lists, 346 displaying records, 386 div( ) function, 531 DLL register, 301 DLM register, 301

do keyword, 8

DOS DEBUG command, 438 DOS MODE command, 301 DOS Protected Mode Interface

(DPMI), 658

DOS SORT utility, 322 DOS/4G product, 658 double

data type, 20 keyword, 8

linked lists, 346-347 double-floating-point constants, 27 DPMI (DOS Protected Mode

Interface), 658

DUMP.C program, 146-150 dup() function, 279

dup2() function, 279

dValue parameter, 523-524, 528-533, 536, 541, 554, 562, 574-576, 594-595

dValue1 parameter, 525 dynamic memory, 345

dynamic memory allocation, 227

E

e and E fields, 608-609, 617 E2BIG value, 504 EACCES value, 504 EAGAIN value, 505 EasyWin program, 682 EBADF value, 505 EDEADLOCK value, 505

EDLINE.C program, 257-266 EDOM value, 505

EEXIST value, 505 efficiency, program, 657-658 EINVAL value, 505

ElementSize parameter, 540, 544, 566 #elif directive, 633

#else directive, 632 else keyword, 8 EMFILE value, 505

Emulator Library (mLIBCE.LIB), 668 encapsulation, 696-697

#endif directive, 633-634 endtime parameter, 531 ENOENT value, 505 ENOEXEC value, 505 ENOMEM value, 505 ENOSPC value, 505 entering constants, 21 enum keyword, 8 environments

operating, 162 protected-mode, 231

eof( ) function, 279 equality operator (==), 643 ERANGE value, 505 errno() function, 504

dBASE

accessing, 468-473 creating, 484, 493 reading, 474 updating, 494 version codes, 470

disk

fixed-field, 392 indexes in, 390 handles, 268-271, 280

header, 497, 629 assert.h, 501 ctype.h, 502-504 DEFINE.H, 179 defines.h, 167 errno.h, 504-506 float.h, 506-508 io.h, 508 limits.h, 508-509 locale.h, 509-510 malloc.h, 510 math.h, 510 memory.h, 511 precompiled, 671

PROTOTYP.H, 170, 180-181 search.h, 511

signal.h, 512 stdarg.h, 513 stddef.h, 515 stdio.h, 515 stdlib.h, 516-517 string.h, 517 time.h, 518 TWOFILE.H, 178

TYPEDEF.H, 168-169, 180 varargs.h, 518

VARS.H, 169-170, 180 I/O, 250-251

include, 167

defines.h header file, 167 prototyp.h header file, 170 typedef.h header file, 168-169 vars.h header file, 169-170

indexed, 321, 367, 383 MAKE, 182-184 map, 165

merging, 321, 329, 343-344 OBJ, 165

purging, 321, 336, 341-344 sorting, 322, 343-344 source, 161

stdaux, 273 stderr, 272-273 stdin, 271 stdout, 272 stdprn, 274 stream, 268 text, 251-252

work, temporary, 256, 267-268 FILETWO.C program, 6 fixed-field disk files, 392 FIXSTR.C program, 92-94

flags

blank, 81 fields, 471

printf() family of functions, 607 float data type, 20

float keyword, 8

float.h header file, 506-508 FLOAT_FIELD identifier, 473 floating-point constants, 27 floating-point optimization, 667-669 floor() function, 536

FLT_DIG constant, 507 FLT_DIG identifier, 23 FLT_EPSILON constant, 507

FLT_EPSILON identifier, 23 FLT_MANT_DIG constant, 507 FLT_MANT_DIG identifier, 24 FLT_MAX constant, 507 FLT_MAX identifier, 24 FLT_MAX_10_EXP constant, 507 FLT_MAX_10_EXP identifier, 24 FLT_MAX_EXP constant, 507 FLT_MAX_EXP identifier, 24 FLT_MIN constant, 507 FLT_MIN identifier, 24 FLT_MIN_10_EXP constant, 507 FLT_MIN_10_EXP identifier, 24 FLT_MIN_EXP constant, 507 FLT_MIN_EXP identifier, 24 FLT_RADIX constant, 507 FLT_RADIX identifier, 24 FLT_ROUNDS constant, 507 FLT_ROUNDS identifier, 24 flushall() function, 269

fmod() function, 537

fopen( ) function, 268-269, 537 for keyword, 9

format codes, 582-583 format specifiers, 614

_ _fortran keyword, 450 FORTRAN keyword, 7 FORTRAN language, 435, 441

calling C functions, 462 calling from C, 449-450 routine types, 437

fprintf() function, 538 fputc() function, 269, 538 fputchar() function, 269 fputs() function, 269, 539 fread() function, 269, 539 free() function, 235-237, 540

Microsoft C, 235

rules, 236

freopen( ) function, 268-269, 540 frexp() function, 541

fscanf() function, 269, 542 fseek() function, 269, 542 fsetpos( ) function, 269, 543

ftell() function, 256, 269, 385, 544 function/header cross reference table,

723-740

function codes, MS-DOS, 456-461 functions

_fsopen(), 269 _tolower(), 503 _toupper(), 503 abort(), 517, 522 abs(), 522

acos(), 523 AddRecord( ), 394 asctime(), 523 asin(), 524

assert(), 524 atan(), 524 atan2(), 525 atexit(), 517, 525 atof(), 526

atoi(), 526 atol(), 526 Average(), 32

bsearch(), 384, 517, 527 bsort(), 384

calloc(), 232-235, 483, 528 case in, 6

ceil(), 528 cgets(), 281

clearerr(), 269, 528 clock(), 529

close( ), 279 compare(), 326

C C C

CCC

C C C

kbhit(), 281 labs(), 551 ldexp( ), 552 ldiv( ), 552

localeconv(), 510, 553 localtime(), 553

log(), 554 log10(), 554

longjmp(), 512, 554 lseek(), 279

main(), 100

malloc(), 228-232, 556 Microsoft C, 228 rules, 228

maximum(), 445, 449 mblen(), 556 mbstowcs(), 557 mbtowc(), 557 memchr(), 511, 558 memcmp(), 511, 558 memcpy(), 511, 559 memmove(), 511, 560 memset(), 511, 229, 561 mktime(), 561

modf(), 562 modifying, 428 NewItem(), 395, 423

NumberWords( ), 78, 81 offsetof(), 562

open(), 279 outp(), 288

OutputDebugString(), 655 outpw(), 288

overloading, 701-702 parameters, 164, 574 perror(), 563

pointers, 114-115, 119-120 pow( ), 564

printf(), 270-272, 564 PrintHelp( ), 395 PrintTree(), 395

prototypes, 164, 497-499, 723 PullDown(), 133

putc(), 270, 564 putch(), 281

putchar(), 270-272, 565 puts(), 270-272, 565 putw(), 270

qsort(), 114, 246, 322, 517, 566 raise(), 566

rand(), 516, 567 read(), 279

realloc(), 237-238, 243-244, 567 remove( ), 267, 568

rename(), 568 rewind( ), 270, 568 rmtmp(), 270

scanf(), 270-271, 569 Search(), 395, 418-419

SearchAndAdd( ), 395, 417-419 SearchRecord(), 395

setbuf(), 270, 569 setjmp(), 512, 570 setlocale(), 509, 571 setvbuf(), 270, 572 signal(), 573

sin( ), 574 sinh(), 575 sopen(), 279 sprint(), 92

sprintf(), 270, 575 sqrt(), 576

srand(), 516, 576 sscanf(), 270, 576 strcat(), 577

strchr(), 577

strcmp(), 75, 329, 578 strcoll(), 579

strcpy( ), 29, 580 strcspn( ), 580 strerror(), 581 strftime(), 581-583 stricmp(), 329 string, 90

strlen(), 583 strncat(), 584 strncmp(), 584 strncpy(), 585 strpbrk(), 586 strrchr(), 586 strspn(), 587 strstr(), 588 strtod( ), 516, 588 strtok(), 589 strtol(), 516, 590 strtoul(), 516, 591 strxfrm(), 592 switch(), 136 system(), 516, 593 tan(), 594

tanh(), 594 tell(), 279 tempnam(), 270 time(), 595

tmpfile(), 256, 268-270, 596 tmpnam(), 256, 266, 270, 596 tolower(), 503, 597

toupper(), 503, 597 TreePrint(), 395, 424 UnderFlow(), 395, 427 ungetc(), 270, 597 ungetch(), 281

unlink(), 267

va_, 600 va_arg(), 598 va_start(), 601

vfprintf(), 271, 601 vprintf(), 271-272, 602 vsprintf(), 271, 604 wcstombs(), 605 wctomb(), 606

write(), 279

FUNPTR.C program, 115-117 fwrite() function, 270, 544

G

g and G fields, 610, 617 getc() function, 270, 545

getch() function, 132, 280-281 getchar() function, 270-271, 545 getche() function, 281

gets() function, 270-271, 327, 546 getw() function, 270

GiveHelp( ) function, 110 global

memory, 247 scope, 31 variables, 644

gmtime() function, 546 goto keyword, 9

H

halloc() function, 229 header/function cross reference table,

723-740

header files, 497, 629 assert.h, 501

ctype.h, 502-504 DEFINE.H, 179 defines.h, 167 errno.h, 504-506 float.h, 506-508 io.h, 508 limits.h, 508-509 locale.h, 509-510 malloc.h, 510 math.h, 510 memory.h, 511 precompiled, 671

PROTOTYP.H, 170, 180-181 search.h, 511

signal.h, 512 stdarg.h, 513 stddef.h, 515 stdio.h, 515 stdlib.h, 516

communications with operating system, 516-517

integer math, 517 memory allocation, 516 multibyte characters, 517 random numbers, 516 searches, 517

string conversion, 516 string.h, 517

time.h, 518 TWOFILE.H, 178

TYPEDEF.H, 168-169, 180 varargs.h, 518

VARS.H, 169-170, 180 headers

block comments, 16 functions, 14

HELLO.BAS program, 443 HELLO.C program, 14-15

HELLO.PAS program, 442 HELLOCPP.CPP program, 697 _HEX identifier, 502

hex number system, 142-144 hidden file attribute, 250 hierarchies, 697

high-level I/O, 278

Huge memory model, 674 Hungarian notation, 13

I

i field, 608, 616-617 I/O (input/output), 249

base address, 296 console, 280-281, 287 direct port, 288-289 files, 250-251 functions, 90 high-level, 278 low-level, 278-280 port, 280-281, 287 video direct, 667

identifiers

_ _FILE_ _, 500

_ _LINE_ _, 500 _BLANK, 502 CHAR_BIT, 21, 508 CHAR_MAX, 21-22, 508 CHAR_MIN, 21, 508

CHARACTER_FIELD, 472 const, 500

_CONTROL, 502 creating, 499

C C C

CCC

C C C