Negishi E. 2002 Handbook of organopalladium chemistry for organic synthesis / 0995 105

REFERENCES

[1]U. Misslitz, H. Primke, and A. De Meijere, Chem. Ber., 1989, 122, 537.

[2]M. Shimura, M. Iwata, S. Omoto, and Y. Sekizawa, Agric. Biol. Chem., 1979, 43, 2279.

[3]J. Afzal, R. A. Magarian, M. Griffin, and J. Pento, Synth. Commun., 1989, 19, 3061.

[4]G. Keglevich, A. Tungler, T. Novak, and L. Toke, J. Chem. Res., 1996, 528.

[5]Y. Bassard and M. Schlosser, Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 1231.

[6]F. Kienzle, J. Stadlwieser, W. Rank, and I. Mergelsberg, Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, 29, 6479.

[7]H. J. Liu and M. G. Kulkarni, Tetrahedron Lett., 1985, 26, 4847.

[8]A. Srikrisna and S. Nagaraju, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1991, 657.

[9]G. R. Geen, P. M. Kincey, and B. M. Choudary, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 4609.

[10]M. K. Gurjar, P. Kumar, and B. V. Rao, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 8617.

[11]C. Ray, B. Saha, and U. R. Ghatak, Tetrahedron, 1990, 46, 2857.

[12]A. G. Fallis, K. Antczak, J. F. Kingston, and A.W. Hanson, Can. J. Chem., 1987, 65, 114.

[13]G. M. Barretta and W. Tam, J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 7673.

[14]A. G. Romero, W. H. Darlington, E. Jon Jacobsen, and J. W. Mickelson, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 2361.

[15]T. Kawasaki, A. Kodama, T. Nishida, K. Shimizu, and M. Somei, Heterocycles, 1991, 32, 221.

[16]G. Broggini and G. Zecchi, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997, 8, 1431.

[17]P. Merino, A. Lenaspa, F. L. Merchan, and T. Tejero, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997, 8, 2381.

[18]B. D. Judkins, D. G. Allen, T. A. Cook, B. Evans, and T. E. Saedharwala, Synth. Commun., 1996, 4351.

[19]T. Gefflaut, V. Bauer, K. Airola, and A. M. P. Koskinen, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1996, 7, 3099.

[20]W. J. Krol, S.-S. Mao, D. L. Steele, and C. A. Townsend, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 728.

[21]R. H. Prager and Y. Singh, Aust. J. Chem., 1994, 47, 1263.

[22]S. Maciejewski, I. Panfil, C. Belzecki, and M. Chmielewski, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 1901.

[23]C. Kashima, K. Takahashi, I. Fukuchi, and K. Fukusaka, Heterocycles, 1997, 44, 289.

[24]A. Defoin, H. Sarazin, and J. Streith, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1996, 79, 560.

[25]S. H. Jung, E. K. Lee, H. J. Sung, and S. O. Kim, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 1996, 17, 2.

[26]R. E. Bolton, S. J. Coote, H. Finch, A. Lowdon, N. Pegg, and M. V. Vinader, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 25, 4471.

[27]R. Mueller, T. Leiblod, M. Patzel, and V. Jager, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 106, 1295.

[28]R. Zimmer, M. Hoffman, and H.-U. Reisbig, Chem. Ber., 1992, 125, 2243.

[29]T. Arnold, B. Orshel, and H.-U. Reisbig, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1992, 104, 1033.

[30]E. M. Beccalli and A. Marchesini, Synthesis, 1991, 861.

[31]I. Bata, D. Korbonits, P. Kolonits, B. Podanyi, T. Takacsy-Eros, and K. Simon, Chem. Ber., 1993, 126, 1835.

[32]E. M. Beccalli, A. Marchesini, and T. Pilati, Synthesis, 1991, 2, 127.

[33]R. Di Fabio, T. Rossi, and R. J. Thomas, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 3587.

[34]N. Haider, G. Heinisch, and J. Moshuber, Heterocycles, 1994, 38, 125.

[35]W. Nowak and H. Gerlach, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1993, 153.

[36]B. Alcaide, C. Biurrun, and J. Plumet, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 7413.

[37]M. Ihara, M. Takahashi, H. Niitsuma, N. Taniguchi, K. Yasui, and K. Fukumoto, J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 5413.

[38]V. Glacon, A. El Meslouti, R. Uzan, G. Demailly, and D. Beaupere, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 3683.

[39]W. H. Pearson and E. J. Hembre, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 5537.

[40]U. Schmidt, F. Stabler, and A. Lieberknecht, Synthesis, 1994, 890.

[41]S. Shatzmiller and S. Bercovici, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1992, 10, 1005.

[42]D. Enders and D. Bartzen, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1991, 6, 569.

[43]V. Kamath, Jahangir, and D. C. Baker, Heterocycles, 1990, 31, 1549.

[44]T. R. Burke, Jr., P. Russ, and B. Liu, Synthesis, 1991, 1019.

[45]I. Ojima, M.-Z. Zhao, T. Yamamoto, and K. Nakahashi, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 5263.

[46]K. J. Lindstrom and S. L. Crooks, Synth. Commun., 1990, 20, 2335.

[47]M. Hornyak, I. F. Pelyvas, and F. J. Sztaricskai, Tetrahedron Lett., 1993, 4087.

[48]A. Baudat, S. Picasso, and P. V. Vogel, Carbohydr. Res., 1996, 281, 277.

[49]D. Enders and U. Jegelka, Synlett, 1992, 999.

[50]K. Dax, V. Graberger, and A. E. Stutz, J. Carbohydr. Chem., 1990, 6, 903.

[51]A. J. Fairbanks, G. W. J. Fleet, A. H. Jones, I. Bruce, S. S. Al-Daher, I. C. Di Bello, and B. Winchester, Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 131.

[52]P. Dauban, A. Chiaroni, C. Riche, and R. H. Dodd, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 2488.

[53]P. M. Myerscough, A. J. Fairbanks, A. H. Jones, I. Bruce, S. S. Choi, G. W. J. Fleet, S. S. Al-Daher, I. C. Di Bello, and B. Winchester, Tetrahedron, 1992, 48, 10177.

[54]Z. Shi and G.-Q. Lin, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1995, 6, 2907.

[55]E. Albertini, A. Barco, S. Benetti, C. De Risi, G. P. Pollini, and V. Zanirato, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 681.

[56]D. Katalenic and V. Skaric, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 8, 1065.

[57]T. Sakakura, M. Hara, and M. Tanaka, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1994, 10, 289.

[58]Y. H. Kim and J. Y. Choi, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 5543.

[59]K. Ciszewski, L. Celewicz, and K. Golankiewicz, Synthesis, 1995, 777.

[60]M. Takahashi, R. Koike, and K. Ogasawara, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1995, 43, 1585.

[61]D. P. G. Hamon, R. A. Massy-Westropp, and J. L. Newton, Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 12645.

[62]M. L. Dossantos and G. C. Demagalhaes, Synth. Commun., 1991, 21, 1783.

[63]F. Orsini and F. Pelizzoni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1996, 7, 1033.

[64]D. E. Justice and J. R. Malpass, Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 11947.

[65]J. Sakaki, Y. Sugita, M. Sato, and C. Kaneko, Chem. Commun., 1991, 434.

[66]B. Goument, L. Duhamel, and R. Mauge, Tetrahedron, 1994, 50, 171.

[67]J. P. Varghese, A. Sudalai, and S. Iyer, Synth. Commun., 1995, 25, 2267.

[68]F. A. Davis, C.-H. Liang, and H. Liu, J. Org. Chem., 1997, 62, 3796.

[69]Y. Sugi and S. Mitsui, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1970, 43, 1489.

[70]W. J. Kruper, Jr. and A. H. Emmons, J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 3323.

[71]D. Tanner and O. R. Gautun, Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 8279.

[72]F. A. Davis, H. Liu, and G. V. Reddy, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 5473.

[73]F. A. Davis, P. Zhou, and G. V. Reddy, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 3243.

[74]H.-D. Ambrosi, W. Duczek, M. Ramm, and K. Jahnisch, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 35, 7613.

[75]Y. Lim and W. K. Lee, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 8431.

[76]M. J. Martinelli, M. R. Leanna, D. L. Varie, B. C. Peterson, T. J. Kress, J. P. Wepsiec, and

V.V. Khau, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 7579.

[77]H. W. C. Raaymakers, S. M. Eveleens, E. G. Arnouts, B. Zwanenburg, and G. J. F. Chittenden,

Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 1993, 112, 511.

[78]P. H. Olesen, P. Sauerberg, S. Treppendahl, O. Larson, M. J. Sheardon, P. D. Suzdak, C. H. Mitch, J. S. Ward, F. P. Bymaster, H. E. Shannon, and M. D. B. Swedberg, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1996, 31, 221.

[79]P. K. Loosen, Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 9269.

[80]L. Grondard, F. Manfre, and S. Mutti, Synth. Commun., 1997, 27, 425.

[81]C. Pedersen and L. Schubert, Acta Chim. Scand., 1993, 47, 885.

[82]H. Hrebabecky, J. Dockal, and A. Holy, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1994, 59, 1408.

[83]T.-T. Thang, J. Carbohydr. Chem., 1995, 141, 995.

[84]D. C. Craig, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 6, 3305.

[85]A. Bodenmueller and R. R. Schmidt, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1994, 10, 541.

[86]K. J. McCullough, J. MacTavish, G. R. Proctor, and J. Redpath, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1996, 12, 2553.

[87]J. Y. Merour and J. Y. Coadou, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 2469.

[88]W. T. Brady and C. H. Shieh, J. Org. Chem., 1983, 48, 2499.

[89]H.-U. Blaser, S. K. Boyer, and U. Pittelkow, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1991, 2, 721.

[90]E. Bacque and J.-M. Paris, Synth. Commun., 1992, 22, 2259.

[91]D. Seebach, U. Gyel, K. Job, and A. K. Beck, Synthesis, 1992, 39.

[92]N. Iwata, T. Morioka, T. Kobayashi, T. Asada, H. Kinoshita, and K. Inomata, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1992, 65, 1379.

[93]D. R. Boyd, N. D. Sharma, and S. A. Barr, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 1147.

[94]T. Sakamoto, K. Okamoto, and Y. Kikugawa, J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 3245.

[95]Y. Murata, H. Kinoshita, and K. Inomata, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1996, 69, 3339.

[96]A. Bomben, C. A. Marques, M. Selva, and P. Tundo, Synthesis, 1996, 1109.

[97]N. A. Cortese and R. F. Heck, J. Org. Chem., 1977, 42, 3491.

[98]I. D. Entwistle, R. A. W. Johnstone, and T. J. Povall, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1975, 1300.

[99]R. J. Friary, M. Nafissi, S. C. Orlando, S. Rosenhouse, V. A. Seidl, Y. Shih, and P. Mangiaracina, Tetrahedron, 1993, 49, 1993.

[100]P. N. Pandey and M. L. Purkayastha, Synthesis, 1982, 876.

[101]R. G. Pews, J. E. Hunter, and R. M. Wehmeyer, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 7191.

[102]P. C. B. Page, F. Hussain, N. M. Bonham, P. Morgan, J. L. Maggs, and B. K. Park, Tetrahedron, 1991, 47, 2871.

[103]G. Shapiro and B. Gomelor, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 5524.

[104]C. D. Eisenbach, A. Goldel, M. Terskanreinold, and U. S. Schubert, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 1995, 196, 1077.

[105]K. Kawasaki, T. Mukaiyama, K. Koshino, M. Namikawa, M. Maeda, T. Hama, and

T.Mayumi, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1994, 42, 792.

[106]H. Laatsch, B. P. Ernst, and D. Hoffman, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1995, 1773.

[107]F. Effenberger and J. Jaeger, Chem. Eur. J., 1997, 3, 1370.

[108]J. Sardina, M. H. Howard, A. M. P. Koskinen, and H. Rapoport, J. Org. Chem., 1989, 54, 4654.

[109]S. Ram and L. D. Spicer, Tetrahedron Lett., 1987, 28, 515.

[110]L. A. Carpino and A. Tunga, J. Org. Chem., 1986, 51, 1930.

[111]H. Sajiki, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 3465.

[112]J. Helinski, Z. Skrzypczynski, and J. Michalski, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 9201.

[113]T. Kawabata, Y. Kimura, Y. Ito, and S. Terashima, Tetrahedron Lett., 1986, 27, 6241.

[114]B. H. Lipshutz, F. Kayser, and Z.-P. Liu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 33, 1842.

[115]F. Mohamadi, M. M. Spees, G. S. Staten, P. Marder, J. K. Kipka, D. A. Johnson, D. L. Boger, and H. Zarrinmayeh, J. Med. Chem., 1994, 37, 23.

[116]V. S. Rao and A. S. Perlin, Can. J. Chem., 1983, 61, 652.

[117]C. A. Evans, D. M. Dixit, M. A. Siddiqui, H. Jin, H. L. A. Tse, A. Cimpoia, K. Bednarski, T. Breining, and T. S. Mansour, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1993, 4, 2319.

[118]M. J. Grant, J. Yu, and J. B. Spencer, J. Org. Chem., 1998, 63, 4172.

[119]B. P. Czech and R. A. Bartsch, J. Org. Chem., 1984, 49, 4076.

[120]H. Sajiki, H. Kuno, and K. Hirota, Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 7127.

[121]V. L. Ponzo and T. S. Kaufman, Can. J. Chem., 1995, 73, 1348.

[122]K. M. R. Pillai, R. S. Kapil, and N. Anand, Indian J. Chem. Sect. B., 1990, 29, 1029.

[123]M. P. Sibi, M. T. Sorum, J. A. Bender, and J. A. Gaboury, Synth. Commun., 1992, 22, 809.

[124]C. A. Marques, S. Maurizio, and P. Tundo, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 2430.

[125]R. N. Mirrington and J. K. Schmalzl, J. Org. Chem., 1972, 37, 2877.

[126]A. Borbas, J. Hajko, M. Kajtar-Peredy, and A. Liptak, J. Carbohydr. Chem., 1993, 12, 191.

[127]C. Proussios and M. Kolovos, Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 3413.

[128]J. Martinez, J. C. Tolle, and M. Bodanszky, J. Org. Chem., 1979, 44, 3596.

[129]T. Vuljanic, J. Kihlberg, and P. Somfu, Tetrahedron Lett., 1994, 37, 6937.

[130]T.-H. Chan and M. Di Stefano, Chem. Commun., 1978, 761.

[131]S. Coyle, O. Keller, and G. T. Young, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1979, 1459.

[132]N. Nakamura, H. Miyazaki, W. Ohkawa, T. Oshima, and H. Kolke, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 699.

[133]N. Machinaga and C. Kibayashi, Tetrahedron Lett., 1989, 30, 4165.

[134]L. Schmitt, B. Spiess, and G. Schlewer, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 2013.

[135]C. Malan, C. Morin, and G. Preckher, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 6705.

[136]Y. Watanabe, Y. Komoda, K. Ebisuya, and S. Ozaki, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 255.

[137]S. Chandrasekhar, B. Muralidhar, and S. Sarkar, Synth. Commun., 1997, 27, 2691.

[138]S. J. Cockman, C. A. Joll, B.-C. Mortimer, T. G. Redgrave, and R. V. Stick, Aust. J. Chem., 1990, 43, 2093.

[139]E. Haslam, R. D. Haworth, S. D. Mills, H. J. Rogers, R. Armitage, and T. Searle, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1836.

[140]C. H. Lee, I. K. Kim, Y. H. Lee, W. S. Choi, and B. Y. Chung, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 1987, 8, 460.

[141]G. Buchi, M. A. Fransisco, J. M. Liesch, and P. F. Schuda, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1981, 103, 3497.

[142]R. Davis and J. M. Muchowski, Synthesis, 1982, 987.

[143]H. Sajiki, H. Kuno, and K. Hirota, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 37, 399.

[144]N. Ikota, Heterocycles, 1991, 32, 521.

[145]D. R. Bolin, C.-T. Wang, and A. M. Felix, Org. Prep. Proc. Int., 1989, 21, 67.

[146]J. Hajko, A. Borbas, A. Liptak, and M. Kajtar-peredy, Carbohydr. Res., 1991, 216, 413.

[147]G. Nemeth, E. Rakoczy, and G. Simig, J. Fluorine Chem., 1996, 76, 91.

[148]J. Muzart, F. Henin, and S. J. Aboulhoda, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1997, 8, 381.

[149]S. J. Aboulhoda, S. Letinois, J. Wilken, I. Reiners, F. Henin, J. Martens, and J. Muzart,

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1995, 6, 1865.

[150]S. J. Aboulhoda, F. Henin, J. Muzart, C. Thorey, W. Behnen, J. Martens, and T. Mehler,

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1994, 5, 1321.

[151]F. Henin and J. Muzart, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1992, 3, 1161.

[152]I. Kalwinsh, K.-H. Metten, and R. Brueckner, Heterocycles, 1995, 40, 939.

[153]R. P. Polniaszek and L. W. Dillard, J. Org. Chem., 1992, 57, 4103.

[154]A. Paqut, Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 1992, 39, 82.

[155]J. Szewczyk and C. Wasielewski, Pol. J. Chem., 1981, 55, 1985.

[156]P. Sebok, T. Timar, T. Eszenyl, and T. Patonay, J. Org. Chem., 1994, 59, 6318.

[157]T. A. Olugbade, R. D. Waigh, and S. M. Mackay, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 2657.

[158]M. L. S. Cristiano, J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1, 1996, 1453.

[159]D. Alker, L. M. Harwood, and C. E. Williams Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 475.

[160]C. Herdeis and C. Hartke, Synthesis, 1988, 76.

[161]M. T. Reetz, M. W. Drewes, and A. Schmitz, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1987, 26, 1141.

[162]G. Guanti, L. Banfi, E. Narisano, C. Scolastco, and E. Bosone, Synthesis, 1985, 609.

[163]V. S. Chauhan, S. J. Ratcliffe, and G. T. Young, Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 1980, 15, 96.

[164]H. J. Haas, Chem. Ber., 1961, 94, 2442.

[165]J. W. Mickelson, K. L. Belonga, and E. J. Jacobsen, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 4177.

[166]P. Remuzon, M. Soumeillant, C. Dussy, and D. Bouzard, Tetrahedron, 1997, 53, 17711.

[167]G. I. Hwang, J.-H. Chung, and W. K. Lee, Tetrahedron, 1996, 52, 12111.

[168]N. Shibata, T. Katoh, and S. Terashima, Tetrahedron Lett., 1997, 38, 619.

[169]R. C. Bernotas and R. V. Cube, Synth. Commun., 1990, 20, 1209.

[170]K. Yoshida, S. Nakajima, T. Wakamatsu, Y. Ban, and M. Shibasaki, Heterocycles, 1988, 27, 1167.

[171]M. Prystas and S. Sorm, Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1962, 27, 1578.

[172]R. Polt, L. Szabo, J. Treiberg, Y. Li, and V. J. Hruby, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 10249.

[173]C. Dugave and A. Menez, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 6067.

[174]J. A. Cambell, W. K. Lee, and H. Rapoport, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 4602.

[175]J. Pless, Helv. Chim. Acta, 1976, 59, 499.

[176]J. H. Rigby and V. Gupta, Synlett, 1995, 547.

[177]Y. Xia and A. P. Kozikowski, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 4116.

[178]J.-N. Denis, S. Tchertchian, and Y. Vallee, Synth. Commun., 1997, 27, 2345.

[179]M. Botta, V. Summa, R. Saladino, and R. Nicoletti, Synth. Commun., 1991, 21, 2181.

[180]V. Srirajan, A. R. A. S. Deshmukh, V. G. Puranik, and B. M. Bhawal, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry, 1996, 7, 2733.

[181]M. A. Poss and J. A. Reid, Tetrahedron Lett., 1992, 33, 7291.

[182]G. Broggini and G. Zecchi, Synthesis, 1996, 1280.

[183]M. Kanaka and Y. Kurata, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 1978, 26, 660.

[184]M. H. Khalifa, G. Jung, and A. Rieker, Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1982, 1068.

[185]E. Chan, S. R. Putt, and H. D. H. Showalter, J. Org. Chem., 1982, 47, 3457.

[186]Y. Satoh and N. Marcopulos, Tetrahedron Lett., 1995, 36, 1759.

[187]F. J. Lopez-Herrera, M. Valpuesta-Fernandez, and S. Garcia-Claros, Tetrahedron, 1990, 46, 7165.

[188]K. M. Davis and B. K. Carpenter, J. Org. Chem., 1996, 61, 4617.

[189]M. Jung and B. H. Youn, Heterocycles, 1996, 43, 1587.

[190]P. Camps, X. Farres, M. Font-Bardia, D. M. Goerbig, F. Perez, and X. Solans, Chem. Ber., 1994, 127, 1933.

[191]J. M. Cuerva and A. M. Echavarren, Synlett, 1997, 173.

[192]K. Toshima, K. Yanagawa, S. Mukaiyama, and K. Tatsuta, Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 31, 6697.

[193]P. F. Cirillo and J. S. Panek, Tetrahedron Lett., 1991, 32, 457.