3.10

SECTION

3

3.1.6.6

Multiplicative Prefixes.

The multiplicative prefixes bis, tris, etc., are used with certain

anions for indicating stoichiometric proportions when di, tri, etc., have been preempted to designate

condensed anions; for example, AlK(SO

4)2 · 12H2O, aluminum potassium bis(sulfate) 12-water (re-

call that disulfate refers to the anion

).

S2O 27

3.1.6.7

Crystal

Structure.

The structure type of crystals may be added in parentheses and in

italics after the name; the latter should be in accordance with the structure. When the typename is

also the mineral name of the substance itself, italics are not used.

Examples:

MgTiO

3 , magnesium titanium trioxide (

ilmenite

type); FeTiO

3 , iron(II) titanium tri-

oxide (ilmenite).

3.1.7.1

Naming a Coordination Compound.

To name a coordination compound, the names of

the ligands are attached directly in front of the name of the central atom. The ligands are listed in

alphabetical order regardless of the number of each and with the name of a ligand treated as a unit.

Thus “diammine” is listed under “a” and “dimethylamine” under “d.” The oxidation number of the

central atom is stated last by either the oxidation number or charge number.

3.1.7.2

Anionic Ligands.

Whether inorganic or

organic,

the

names

for

anionic ligands

end in

-o (eliding the final -e, if present, in the anion name). Enclosing marks are required for inorganic

anionic ligands containing numerical prefixes, and for thio, seleno, and telluro analogs of oxo anions

containing more than one atom.

If

the coordination entity is negatively

charged, the cations paired with the complex anion (with

-ate ending) are listed first. If the entity is positively charged, the anions paired with the complex

cation are listed immediately afterward.

The

following anions do not follow the nomenclature rules:

F

fluoro

HO

2

hydrogen peroxo

Cl

chloro

S

2

thio (only for single sulfur)

Br

bromo

S22 disulfido

I

iodo

HS

mercapto

O

2

oxo

CN

cyano

H

hydrido (or hydro)

CH

2O

methoxo or methanolato

OH

hydroxo

CH

2S

methylthio or methanethiolato

O

22

peroxo

3.1.7.3

Neutral and Cationic Ligands.

Neutral and cationic ligands are used without change in

name and are set off with enclosing marks. Water and ammonia, as neutral ligands, are called “aqua”

and “ammine,” respectively. The groups NO and CO, when linked directly to a metal atom, are

called nitrosyl and carbonyl, respectively.

3.1.7.4

Attachment Points of Ligands.

The different points of attachment of a ligand are denoted

by

adding

italicized symbol(s) for the atom

or atoms through which

the

attachment occurs

at the

end of the name of the ligand; e.g., glycine-

N

or

glycinato-

O,N.

If the same element is involved in

different possible coordination sites, the position in the chain or ring to which the element is attached

is indicated by numerical superscripts: e.g., tartrato(3

)- O 1 ,O 2, or

tartrato(4

)- O 2,O 3 or tar-

trato(2

)- O 1 ,O 4.

INORGANIC

CHEMISTRY

3.11

3.1.7.5

Abbreviations for Ligand Names.

Except for certain hydrocarbon radicals, for ligand (L)

and metal (M), and a few with H, all abbreviations

are in lowercase letters and do not involve

hyphens. In formulas, the ligand abbreviation is set off with parentheses. Some common abbrevia-

tions are

Ac

acetyl

en

ethylenediamine

acac

acetylacetonato

Him

imidazole

Hacac

acetylacetone

H

2ida

iminodiacetic acid

Hba

benzoylacetone

Me

methyl

Bzl

benzyl

H

3 nta

nitrilotriacetic acid

Hbg

biguanide

nbd

norbornadiene

bpy

2,2

-bipyridine

ox

oxalato(2

) from parent H

2ox

Bu

butyl

phen

1,10-phenanthroline

Cy

cyclohexyl

Ph

phenyl

D 2dea

diethanolamine

pip

piperidine

dien

diethylenetriamine

Pr

propyl

dmf

dimethylformamide

pn

propylenediamine

H 2dmg

dimethylglyoxime

Hpz

pyrazole

dmg

dimethylglyoximato(2

)

py

pyridine

Hdmg

dimethylglyoximato(1

)

thf

tetrahydrofuran

dmso

dimethylsulfoxide

tu

thiourea

Et

ethyl

H

3 tea

triethanolamine

H 4edta

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

tren

2,2

,2 -triaminotriethylamine

Hedta, edta

coordinated ions

derived

trien

triethylenetetraamine

from H

4edta

tn

trimethylenediamine

Hea

ethanolamine

ur

urea

Examples:

Li[B(NH

2)4], lithium

tetraamidoborate(1

) or lithium tetraamidoborate(III);

[Co(NH

3 )5Cl]Cl

3 , pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride

or

pentaamminechlorocobalt(2

) chlo-

ride; K 3 [Fe(CN)

5CO],

potassium carbonylpentacyanoferrate(II)

or

potassium

carbonylpentacyano-

ferrate(3

);

[Mn{C

6H 4(O)(COO)}

tetraaquabis[salicylato(2

)]manganate(III) ion;

2(H 2O) 4] ,

[Ni(C

4H 7N

2O 2)2] or [Ni(dmg)] which can

be named bis-(2,3-butanedione dioximato)nickel(II) or

bis[dimethylglyoximato(2

)]nickel(II).

The names of addition

compounds

are formed by connecting the names of individual compounds

by a dash (— ) and indicating the numbers of molecules in the name by Arabic numerals separated

by the solidus (diagonal slash). All molecules are cited in order of increasing number; those having

the same number are cited in alphabetic order. However, boron compounds and water are always

cited last and in that order.

Examples:

3CdSO

4 · 8H2O, cadmium sulfate— water (3/8); Al

2(SO 4)3 · KSO2

4 · 24HO,2 alumi-

num sulfate— potassium

sulfate— water (1/1/24); AlCl

3 · 4C2H 5OH, aluminum chloride— ethanol

(1/4).

3.12

SECTION 3

3.2

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES

TABLE 3.2

Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds

Names

follow the IUPAC Nomenclature. Solvates are listed under the entry for the anhydrous salt. Acids are

entered under Hydrogen and acid salts are entered as a subentry under hydrogen.

Formula weights

are based upon the International Atomic Weights of 1993 and are computed to the nearest

hundredth when justified. The actual significant figures are given in the atomic weights of the individual elements.

Each element that has neither a stable isotope nor a characteristic natural isotopic composition is represented

in this table by one of that element’s commonly known radioisotopes identified by mass number and relative

atomic mass.

Density

values are given at room temperature unless otherwise indicated by the superscript figure; for example,

2.487 15

indicates a density of 2.487 g/cm

3

for the substance at 15

C. A superscript 20 over a subscript 4 indicates

a density at 20

C relative to that of water at 4

C. For gases the values are given as grams per liter (g/L).

Melting point

is recorded in a certain case as

and in250someotherd cases as

the distinction beingdmade250,

in this manner to indicate that the former is a melting point

with decomposition at 250

C while in the latter

decomposition only occurs at 250

C and higher temperatures. Where a value such as

150 is given it6H 2O,

indicates a loss of 6 moles of water per formula weight of the compound at a temperature of 150

the temperature stated represents the compound melting in its water of hydration.

Boiling point

is given at atmospheric pressure (

of

mercury760ormm101 325

Pa) unless otherwise

indicated;

thus 82

15mm

indicates that the boiling point is 82

C when the pressure is

of15mercurymm. Also,

subl 550

indicates that the compound sublimes at 550

C. Occasionally decomposition products are mentioned.

Solubility

is given in parts by weight (of the formula weight) per 100 parts by weight of the solvent (i.e., percent

by weight) and at room temperature. Another unit frequently

used is

grams

per

of solvent (mL per

100

mL

100 mL

for liquids and gases). The

symbols

of the common

mineral

acids

represent aqueous

solutions of these

acids.

Abbreviations Used in the Table

a, acid

h, hot

abs,

absolute

hex,

hexagonal

abs alc, anhydrous ethanol

HOAc, acetic acid

acet,

acetone

i, insoluble

alk, alkali (aq NaOH or KOH)

ign, ignites

anhyd, anhydrous

L, liter

aq, aqueous

lq, liquid

aq reg, aqua regia

MeOH, methanol

atm,

atmosphere

min,

mineral

BuOH, butanol

mL, milliliter

bz, benzene

org, organic

c, solid state

oxid,

oxidizing

ca.,

approximately

PE,

petroleum ether

chl,

chloroform

pyr,

pyridine

conc,

concentrated

s, soluble

cub,

cubic

satd,

saturated

d, decomposes

sl, slightly

dil,

dilute

soln,

solution

disprop, disproportionates

solv,

solvent(s)

EtOAc, ethyl acetate

subl,

sublimes

eth,

diethyl ether

sulf, sulfides

EtOH, 95% ethanol

tart, tartrate

expl,

explodes

THF,

tetrahyrofuran

fcc, face-centered cubic

v, very

fctetr, face-centered tetragonal

vac,

vacuum

FP, flash point

viol, violently

fum,

fuming

volat, volatilizes

fus,

fusion,

fuses

,

less than

g, gas, gram

,

greater

than

glyc,

glycerol