Appendix
Table A1: Group Identification, Broad Ethnic Measure:
“…which specific group do you feel you belong to first and foremost?” (from Afrobarometer)
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|
Class/ |
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|
Broad Ethnic Measure |
Religion |
Occupation |
Other |
Obs. |
All |
0.45 |
|
|
|
14414 |
Respondents |
0.09 |
0.40 |
0.07 |
|
|
Botswana |
0.95 |
0.02 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
1196 |
Malawi |
0.59 |
0.11 |
0.23 |
0.05 |
1132 |
Namibia |
0.54 |
0.12 |
0.33 |
0.00 |
838 |
Nigeria |
0.69 |
0.00 |
0.29 |
0.02 |
3516 |
South Africa |
0.51 |
0.19 |
0.16 |
0.15 |
2152 |
Tanzania |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.79 |
0.12 |
2151 |
Uganda |
0.15 |
0.09 |
0.66 |
0.09 |
1945 |
Zambia |
0.11 |
0.32 |
0.54 |
0.02 |
905 |
Zimbabwe |
0.54 |
0.08 |
0.33 |
0.05 |
930 |
Notes: The “other” category includes gender, and other responses. The rows may not sum to 100 percent because of rounding errors. The construction of the broad ethnic identity measure is described in the text.
Table A2: Sources of Ethnic Identity: Ethnic Diversity Measures, Broad Ethnic Measure
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Dependent variable: Ethnic identity |
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“describes respondent best”, broad ethnic measure |
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|||
|
(1) |
(2) |
(3) |
(4) |
(5) |
(6) |
Ethnic fractionalization – Fearon measure |
-0.87** |
-0.67** |
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|
|
|
Ethnic fractionalization – Alesina measure |
(0.42) |
(0.26) |
-0.60** |
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||
Ethno-linguistic fractionalization |
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|
(0.30) |
-0.99** |
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|
|
||
Size of largest ethnic group |
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|
|
(0.43) |
0.68*** |
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Politically relevant ethnic groups score |
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|
(0.24) |
-0.98*** |
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|
(0.25) |
Individual and country characteristics, |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
and country population weights |
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|
|
|
|
|
Observations (respondents) |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
Notes: Probit estimation, with marginal coefficient estimates (at mean values for the explanatory variables). Huber robust standard errors in parentheses. Significantly different than zero at 90 percent (*), 95 percent (**), 99 percent (***) confidence. Regression disturbance terms are clustered at the country level. The individual and country characteristics and weights are as in Table 4, regression 3.
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Copyright Afrobarometer
Table A3: Sources of Ethnic Identity: Electoral Proximity Measures
| Proximity to closest next or previous election, in months | |
-0.031** |
-0.024*** |
-0.025*** |
-0.021** |
|
(0.014) |
(0.007) |
(0.010) |
(0.008) |
Individual and country characteristics, |
No |
Yes |
No |
Yes |
and country population weights |
|
|
|
|
Observations (respondents) |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
14414 |
Notes: Probit estimation, with marginal coefficient estimates (at mean values for the explanatory variables). Huber robust standard errors in parentheses. Significantly different than zero at 90 percent (*), 95 percent (**), 99 percent (***) confidence. Regression disturbance terms are clustered at the country level. The individual and country characteristics and weights are as in Table 4, regression 3.
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