Bibliography

Alsagoff, L. and Lick, H.C. (1998) ‘The grammar of Singapore English’, in J.A. Foley English in New Cultural Contexts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 125–51.

Asher, R.E. (ed.) (1994) The Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics, Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Bailey, C-J.N. and Maroldt, K. (1977) ‘The French lineage of English’, in J.M. Meisel (ed.) Langues en Contact, Tübingen: TBL Verlag Narr, pp. 21–53.

Baker, P.S. (ed.) The Beowulf Reader, New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. Barber, C. (1981) ‘You and thou in Shakespeare’s Richard III’, in V. Salmon and

E. Burness (eds) A Reader in the Language of Shakespearean Drama, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 163–79.

Barber, C. (1993) The English Language: A Historical Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Barber, C. (1997) Early Modern English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Bao, Z.M. (1995) ‘Already in Singapore English’, World Englishes, 14, 2: 181–8. Baugh, T. and Cable, A. (2002) A History of the English Language, 5th edn,

London: Routledge.

Beal, J. (1996) ‘Modals on Tyneside’, in D. Graddol et al. (eds) English, London: Routledge, pp. 252–3.

Bickerton, D. (1986) ‘The sociohistorical matrix of creolization’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 7, 2: 307–18.

Bokhorst-Heng, W. (1998) ‘Language planning and management in Singapore’, in J.A. Foley et al. English in New Cultural Contexts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 287–309.

Bradley, S.A.J. (1982) Anglo-Saxon Poetry: An Anthology of Old English, London: Dent.

Bright, W. (ed.) (1992) International Encyclopaedia of Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Brown, K. (1991) ‘Double modals in Hawick Scots’, in P. Trudgill and J.K. Chambers (eds) Dialects of English: Studies in Grammatical Variation, London: Longman, pp. 74–103.

Brown, R. and Gilman, A. (1960) ‘The pronouns of power and solidarity’, in P.P. Giglioli (ed.) Language and Social Context, London: Penguin, pp. 252–82.

Bucholtz, M. (1996) ‘Geek the girl: language, femininity and female nerds’, in J. Ahlers et al. (eds) Gender and Belief Systems, Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Women and Language Group, pp. 119–32.

208 The History of English

Buchstaller, I. (2002) ‘He goes and I’m like: the new quotatives re-visited’, Internet Proceedings of the University of Edinburgh Postgraduate Conference (http:// www.ling.ed.ac.uk/ pgc/archive/2002/pgc02-programme.html).

Burnley, J.D. (1992) The History of the English Language: A Source Book, London: Longman.

Burrow, J.A. and Turville-Petre, T. (1996) A Book of Middle English, 2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Cameron, D. (1992) Feminism and Linguistic Theory, London: Routledge. Cameron, D. (1995) Verbal Hygiene, London: Routledge.

Cassidy, F.G. (1980) ‘The place of Gullah’, American Speech, 55: 3–15. Cavalli-Sforza, L.L. (2000) Genes, Peoples and Languages, New York: North Point

Press.

Chance, J. (1991) ‘Grendel’s mother as epic anti-type of the Virgin and the Queen’, in R.D. Fulk (ed.) Interpretations of Beowulf: A Critical Anthology, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, pp. 251–63.

Chaudenson, R. (2001) Creolisation of Language and Culture, rev. edn, London: Routledge.

Cheshire, J. and Trudgill, P. (eds) (1998) The Sociolinguistics Reader: Gender and Discourse, vol. 2. London: Arnold.

Claiborne, R. (1990) English – Its Life and Times, London: Bloomsbury Publishing Ltd.

Cohen, J.J. and the Members of Interscripta (1995), Medieval Masculinities: Heroism, Sanctity and Gender (http://www.georgetown.edu/labyrinth/ e-center/ interscripta/mm.html).

Cohn, C. (1987) ‘Slick ’ems, glick ’ems, Christmas trees and cookie cutters: nuclear language and how we learned to pat the bomb’, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 43: 17–24.

Coupland, N. and Jaworksi, A. (1997) Sociolinguistics: A Reader and Coursebook, London: Macmillan.

Crowley, T. (1996) Language in History: Theories and Texts, London: Routledge. Crystal, D. (1997) English as a Global Language, Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Crystal, D. (2004) The Stories of English, London: Allen Lane.

Dahood, R. (1994) ‘Hugh De Morville, William of Canterbury, and anecdotal evidence for English language history’, Speculum, 69, 1: 40–56.

Davis, N. (1979) A Chaucer Glossary, Oxford: Oxford University Press. DeGraff, M. (2001) ‘Morphology in creole genesis: linguistics and ideology’, in

M. Kenstowicz (ed.) Ken Hale: A Life in Language, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 53–121.

Dorian, N. (1981) Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Dorian, N. (1989) Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Dyen, I., Kruskal, J.B. and Black, P. (1992) ‘An Indoeuropean classification: a lexicostatistical experiment’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 82, Part 5.

Bibliography 209

Eckert, P. (2002) ‘Constructing meaning in social variation’, paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New Orleans.

Eckert, P. (undated) ‘California vowels’ at http://www.stanford.edu/ eckert/ vowels.html).

Eco, U. (1995) The Search for the Perfect Language, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Ekwall, E. (1960) The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English PlaceNames, 4th edn, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fellows Jensen, G. (1972) Scandinavian Settlement Names in Yorkshire, Copenhagen.

Fennell, B.A. (2001) A History of English: A Sociolinguistic Approach, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Fields, L. (1995) ‘Early Bajan: creole or non-creole?’, in J. Arends (ed.) The Early Stages of Creolization, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 89–112.

Fishman, J. (ed.) (2001) Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

Foley, J.A., Kandiah, T., Zhiming, B., Gupta, A.F., Alsagoff, L., Chee Lick, H., Wee, L., Talib, I.S. and Bokhorst-Heng, W. (1998) English in New Cultural Contexts: Reflections from Singapore, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Frantzen, A.J. (1993) ‘When women aren’t enough’, Speculum, 68, 2: 445–71. Gal, S. (1979) Language Shift, New York: Academic Press.

Gamkrelidze, T.V. and Ivanov, V.V. (1990) ‘The early history of Indo-European languages’, Scientific American, March: 110 ff.

Global English Newsletter (2003) ‘This year’s new words’, 25 July http:// www.engcool.com/GEN/archive.php.

Görlach, M. (1991) Introduction to Early Modern English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Graddol, D. (1997) The Future of English? London: The British Council. Graddol, D., Leith, D. and Swann, J. (1996) English: History, Diversity and Change,

London: Routledge.

Gupta, A.F. (1998a) ‘Singapore Colloquial English? Or deviant standard English?’, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Oceanic Linguistics, 1: 43–57.

Gupta, A.F. (1998b) ‘The situation of English in Singapore’, in J.A. Foley et al. English in New Cultural Contexts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 106–26.

Hala, J. (1997) The Parturition of Poetry and the Birthing of Culture: The Ides Algoecwif and Beowulf, London: Pegasus Press.

Halsall, P. (ed.) (2000) ‘Bede: ecclesiastical history of the English Nation, Book I’,

Medieval Sourcebook.

Hamer, R. (1970) A Choice of Anglo-Saxon Verse, London: Faber and Faber. Hancock, I. (1980) ‘Gullah and Barbadian: origins and relationships’, American

Speech, 55: 17–35.

Hardcastle, V. (ed.) (2000) Biology Meets Psychology: Constraints, Connections, Conjectures, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Harris, R. (1988) Language, Saussure and Wittgenstein, London: Routledge.

210 The History of English

Haugen, E. (1972) ‘Dialect, language, nation’, in J.B. Pride and J. Holmes (eds) Sociolinguistics, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Heaney, S. (1999) Beowulf: A New Translation, London: Faber and Faber. Highfield, R. (2002) ‘Speaking English on the way’, Daily Telegraph, 16

February.

Hindley, R. (1990) The Death of the Irish Language: A Qualified Obituary, London: Routledge.

Hock, H.H. (1986) Principles of Historical Linguistics, The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter.

Holm, J. (1988) Pidgins and Creoles, Vol. I: Theory and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holm, J. (1989) Pidgins and Creoles, Vol. II: Reference Survey, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Honey, J. (1997) Language is Power: The Story of Standard English and its Enemies, London: Faber and Faber.

Ickowicz, C. (undated) ‘Words: the building blocks of oratory and all other competitive speech events’, at http://debate.uvm.edu/NFL/rostrumlib/ oratoryickowicz0497.pdf.

Jenkins, J. (2003) World Englishes, London: Routledge.

Jones, C. (1988) Grammatical Gender in English: 950–1250, London: Croom Helm. Jones, M.C. (1998) Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Kachru, B.B. (ed.) (1992) The Other Tongue: English across Cultures, 2nd edn,

Urbana, ILL: University of Illinois Press.

Kandiah, T. (1998) ‘The emergence of new Englishes’, in J.A. Foley et al. English in New Cultural Contexts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 73–105.

Knowles, G. (1997) A Cultural History of the English Language, London: Edward Arnold.

Kortlandt, F. (1990) ‘The spread of the Indo-Europeans’, Journal of Indo-European Studies, 18: 131–40.

Labov, W. (1996) ‘The organization of dialect diversity in North America’, paper presented at the Fourth International Conference on Spoken Language Processing, Philadelphia.

Lal, P. (ed.) (1964) Three Sanskrit Plays, New York: New Directions Books.

Lass, R. (1975) ‘Internal reconstruction and generative phonology’, Transactions of the Philological Society, 1–26.

Lass, R. (1994) Old English: A Historical Linguistic Companion, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lass, R. (1997) Historical Linguistics and Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lees, C. (1997) ‘Engendering religious desire: sex, knowledge and Christian identity in Anglo-Saxon England’, Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, 27, 1: 17–46.

Lees, C. and Overing, G.O. (2001) Double Agents: Women and Clerical Culture in Anglo-Saxon England, Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Bibliography 211

Lehmann, W.P. (1973) ‘A structural principle of language and its implications’, Language, 49: 47–66.

Lehmann, W.P. and Malkiel, Y. (eds) Perspectives on Historical Linguistics, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Leith, D. (1983) A Social History of English, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Levin, S. (1971) The Indo-European and Semitic Languages, Albany, NY: State

University of New York.

Lightfoot, D. (1979) Principles of Diachronic Syntax, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lippi-Green, R. (1997) English with an Accent, London: Routledge.

Liuzza, R.M. (2000) Beowulf: A New Verse Translation, Canada: Broadview Press Ltd.

Mallory, J.P. (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans: Language, Archaeology and Myth, London: Thames and Hudson.

Marr, A. (2002) ‘Notebook’, Guardian, 16 October.

McMahon, A. (1994) Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McMahon, A. and McMahon, R. (2003) ‘Finding families: quantitative methods in language classification’, Transactions of the Philological Society, 101, 1: 7–55.

Meillet, A. (1912) Linguistique historique et linguistique générale, Paris: Champion.

Meisel, J.M. (ed.) Langues en Contact – pidgins – créoles – Languages in Contact, Tübingen: TBL Verlag Narr, pp. 21–53.

Millar, S. (2002) ‘Eloquence and elegance: ideals of communicative competence in spoken English’, in R. Watts and P. Trudgill (eds) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge, pp. 173–90.

Mills, A.D. (1991) A Dictionary of English Placenames, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Milroy, J. (2002) ‘The legitimate language: giving a history to English’, in R. Watts and P. Trudgill (eds) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge, pp. 7–26.

Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1999) Authority in Language, 3rd edn, London: Routledge. Mitchell, B. (1985) Old English Syntax, Vol. I, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mitchell, B. (1995) An Invitation to Old English and Anglo-Saxon England, Oxford:

Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Morrish, J. (2001) More Frantic Semantics: Further Adventures in Modern English, Basingstoke: Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

Mufwene, S. (2001) The Ecology of Language Evolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mulholland, J. (1967) ‘Thou and you in Shakespeare: a study in the second person pronoun’, in V. Salmon and E. Burness (eds) A Reader in the Language of Shakespearean Drama, Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 153–61.

Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000) Vanishing Voices, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

212 The History of English

Niles, N. (1980) ‘Provincial English Dialects and Barbadian Speech’, PhD dissertation, University of Michigan.

Orël, V.E. and Starostin, S. (1990) ‘Etruscan as an East Caucasian language’, in V. Shevoroshkin Déné-Sino-Caucasian Languages, Bochum: Brockmeyer, pp. 60–6.

Overing, G.R. (2000) ‘The women of Beowulf: a context for interpretation’, in P.S. Baker (ed.) The Beowulf Reader, New York: Garland Publishing Co., pp. 219–60.

Peterkin, T. (2002) ‘Mowlam comes clean on that four letter word’, Daily Telegraph, 13 May.

Platzer, H. (2001) ‘Grammatical gender in Old English: a case of No Sex, please, we’re Anglo-Saxon?’ VIEW[z] Vienna English Working Papers, 10, 1: 34–48.

Pulleyblank, E.G. (1978) ‘Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European: the case for a genetic comparison’, paper delivered at the Conference on the Origin of Chinese Civilization. Berkeley, California, June.

Pyles, T. and Algeo, J. (1982) The Origins and Development of the English Language, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.

Renfrew, C. (1987) Archaeology and Language, London: Jonathan Cape. Rickford, J. and Handler, J.S. (1994) ‘Textual evidence on the nature of early

Barbadian speech, 1676–1835’, Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 9: 221–55.

Romaine, S. and Lange, D. (1991) ‘The use of like as a marker of reported speech and thought: a case of grammaticalization in progress’, in J. Cheshire and P. Trudgill (eds) The Sociolinguistics Reader, London: Arnold, pp. 240–77.

Rothwell, W. (1998) ‘Arrivals and departures: the adoption of French terminology into Middle English’, The Anglo-Norman Online Hub, pp. 1–18. (http://www.anglo-norman.net/).

Salmon, V. and Burness, E. (eds) (1987) A Reader in the Language of Shakespearean Drama, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Schama, S. (2000) A History of Britian: At the Edge of the World 3000BC– 1603AD, London: BBC Books Worldwide.

Schendl, H. (1997) ‘To London fro Kent / Sunt predia depopulantes: Code-switching and medieval English macaronic poems’, VIEW[z] Vienna English Working Papers, 6, 1: 52–66.

Schiffman, H.F. (1996) Linguistic Culture and Language Policy, London: Routledge. Schmidt, A. (1985) Young People’s Dyirbal: An Example of Language Death from

Australia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sebba, M. (1997) Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles, London: Macmillan Press Ltd.

Shevoroshkin, V. (ed.) (1990) Proto-Languages and Proto-Cultures, Bochum: Brockmeyer.

Shevoroshkin, V. (ed.) (1991) Déné-Sino-Caucasian Languages, Bochum: Brockmeyer.

Singh, I. (1997) ‘Superstratal influence on the formation of Trinidad’s Englishbased creole’, PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge.

Singh, I. (2000) Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction, London: Arnold.

Bibliography 213

Smith, A.H.G. (1984) The Emergence of a Nation State: The Commonwealth of England 1529–1660, London: Longman.

Smith, J. (1996) An Historical Study of English, London: Routledge. Smith, J.J. (1999) Essentials of Early English, London: Routledge.

Starostin, S. (1984) ‘On the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages’, in V. Shevoroshkin Déné-Sino-Caucasian Languages, Bochum: Brockmeyer, pp. 12–41.

Strang, B.M.H. (1970) A History of English, London: Methuen.

Swift, J. (1712) A Proposal for Correcting, Improving, and Ascertaining the English Tongue (at gopher://dept.english.upenn.edu/00/E-text/PEAL/Swift/proposal).

Thomason, S.G. and Kaufman, T. (1988) Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Trask, L. (1996) Historical Linguistics, London: Arnold.

Traugott, E. (1982) ‘From propositional to textual and expressive meanings: some semantic-pragmatic aspects of grammaticalization’, in W.P. Lehmann and Y. Malkiel (eds) Perspectives on Historical linguistics, Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Treharne, E.M. and Pulsiano, P. (2001) A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature and Culture, London: Blackwell.

Trudgill, P. (2002) ‘The history of the lesser-known varieties of English’, in R. Watts and P. Trudgill (eds) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge, pp. 29–44.

Trudgill, P. and Watts, R. (eds) (2002) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge.

Ullmann, S. (1962) Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Voegelin, C.F. and Voegelin, F.M. (1977) Classification and Index of the World’s Languages, New York: Faber and Faber.

Wales, K. (2002) ‘ “North of Watford Gap”: a cultural history of Northern English (from 1700)’, in R. Watts and P. Trudgill (eds) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge, pp. 45–66.

Wardaugh, R. (1992) An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Watts, D. (1987) The West Indies: Patterns of Development, Culture and Environment Change since 1492, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Watts, R. (2002) ‘From polite language to educated language: the re-emergence of an ideology’, in R. Watts and P. Trudgill (eds) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge, pp. 155–72.

Watts, R. and Trudgill, P. (eds) (2002) Alternative Histories of English, London: Routledge.

Wee, L. (1998) ‘The lexicon of Singapore English’, in J.A. Foley et al. (eds) English in New Cultural Contexts, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 175–200.

Whinnom, K. (1965) ‘Origin of the European-based creoles and pidgins’, Orbis, 15: 509–27.

214 The History of English

Wimsatt, W.C. (1999) ‘Genes, memes and cultural heredity’, Biology and Philosophy, 14: 279–310.

Wimsatt, W.C. (2000) ‘Generativity, entrenchment, evolution and innateness’, in V. Hardcastle (ed.) Biology Meets Psychology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 139–79.

Winford, D. (1993) Predication in Caribbean English Creoles, Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (1998) American Speech, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Wurm, S. (1982) Papuan Languages of Oceania, Tubingen: Gunter Narr.