18-10-2013_21-26-21 / сводная таблица времен

Вид

Время

Indefinite

Неопределенное

Continuous

Длительное

Perfect

Совершенное

Perfect Continuous

Совершенное длит.

I  или  II

to be  +  IV

to have  +  III

to be  +  IV

Present

Настоящее

I, we, you, they

 +  I

he, she, it

+  I-s

 I   + am IV

he, she, it +  is IV

we, you, they

+ are IV

I, we, you, they

+ have III

he, she, it

+ has III

I, we, you, they

+ have been IV

he, she, it

+ has been IV

Пример:

I ask

I am asking

I have asked

I have been asking

Past

Прошедшее

I, he, she, it, we, you, they          + II

I, he, she, it

+ was IV

we, you, they

+ were IV

I, he, she, it, we, you, they            + had III

I, he, she, it, we, you, they

+ had been IV

Пример:

I asked

I was asking

I had asked

I had been asking

Future

Будущее

I, we

 + shall I

he, she, it, you, they

 + will I

I, we

+ shall be IV

he, she, it, you, they

 + will be IV

I, we

 + shall have III

 he, she, it, you, they

 + will have III

I, we

+ shall have been IV

he, she, it, you, they

 + will have been IV

Пример:

I shall ask

I shall be asking

I shall have asked

I shall have been asking

Future in the Past

Будущее в прошедшем

I, we

 + should I

he, she, you, they

 + would I

I, we

 + should be IV

 he, she, it, you, they

 + would be IV

I, we

+ should have III

 he, she, it, you, they

 + would have III

I, we

+ should have been IV

he, she, it, you, they

 + would have been IV

Пример:

I should ask

I should be asking

I should have asked

I should have been asking

Present

Past

Future

Future-in-the-past

 SIMPLE

I/you/we/they work He/she/it works I/you/we/they don’t work He/she/it doesn’t work Do I/you/we/they work? Does he/she/it work? 1.Регулярное действие в настоящем. Наречия: often, seldom, sometimes, every day, never, always. I often paint. 2. Будущее действие по расписанию Shakira comes to the city on Sunday at 5.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it worked I/you/we/they/he/she/it didn’t work Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it work? 1. Регулярное действие в прошлом All summer I got up at 7. 2. Факт в прошлом We didn’t do the shopping yesterday. Наречия: yesterday, last week, some days ago, in 2000

I/you/we/they/he/she/it will work I/you/we/they/he/she/it will not (won’t) work 1. Регулярное действие в будущем He will often come to us. 2. Факт в будущем It will be cold at night. 3. Решение, принятое в момент речи -Did you tell him? -I forgot but I’ll tell tomorrow 4. Обещание или предложение I’ll post letters for you 5. Предсказание (I hope…, I think) Наречия: tomorrow, next week I think the weather will be good.

Все времена группы Future-in-the-past используются в придаточных дополнительных (когда от главного задается вопрос что?), если главное предложение стоит в прошедшем времени. I/you/we/they/he/she/it would work He said he would ring me up.

 Present

 Past

 Future

 Future-in-the-past

 CONTINUOUS

I am working. He/she/it is working. You/we/they are working. I am not working. He/she/it is not working. You/we/they are not working. Am I working? Is he/she/it working? Are you/we/they working? 1. Длительное действие в данный момент в настоящем. Наречия: now, at the moment She’s dancing now. 2. Характеристика человека в настоящем (обяз-ны слова always, constantly), часто негативная She is always pitying everybody. 3. Личные планы на будущее I’m dining after work today.

I/he/she/it was working. You/we/they were working. I/he/she/it was not working. You/we/they were not working. Was I/he/she/it working? Were you/we/they working? 1. Длительное действие в определенный момент или период в прошлом Наречия: at 5 o’clock, when I came, from 5 to 6 She was reading at 5. 2. Характеристика человека в прошлом (обяз-ны слова constantly, always) He was always losing his things.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it will be working. I/you/we/they/he/she/it will not be working. Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it be working? Длительное действие в определенный момент или период в будущем. Наречия: at 5 o’clock, when I come, from 5 to 6 She will be reading at 5 tomorrow.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it would be working He said he would be reading a book at 5 tomorrow.

 Present

 Past

 Future

  Future-in-the-past

 PERFECT

I/you/we/they have worked He/she/it has worked I/you/we/they have not worked He/she/it has not worked Have I/you/we/they worked? Has he/she/it worked? 1. Действие, совершенное в прошлом и имеющее результат в настоящем. Не должно быть точного указания на время. Переводится соверш. видом. Наречия: ever, never, not yet, already, just, recently, lately. I have already solved this issue. 2. Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся в данный момент или закончившееся прямо до момента речи. Используется с глаголами, не употребляющимися в Continious (глаголы чувственного восприятия, умственной деятельности be, see…), и вместо Present Perfect Contin, чтобы подчеркнуть факт, а не длительность. Предлоги: since, for. We haven’t written letters for a month He has ridden a bike since his childhood.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it had worked I/you/we/they/he/she/it had not worked Had I/you/we/they/he/she/it worked? 1. Действие, совершенное в прошлом к какому-то моменту в прошлом или до какого-то другого действия в прошлом. Предлог: by или придаточное (when you came) I had written a letter by 5. 2. Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся в какой-то момент в прошлом или закончившееся прямо до какого-то момента в прошлом. Используется с глаголами, не употребл. в Continious, и вместо Past Perfect Continious, чтобы подчеркнуть факт, а не длительность. Предлоги: since, for. I had written a letter for two hours when he came.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it will have worked I/you/we/they/he/she/it will not have worked Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it have worked? 1. Действие, которое завершится до определенного момента в будущем. Предлог: by или придаточное (when you come) I will have written a letter by 5 2. Длительное действие, которое начнется до определенного момента в будущем и длится прямо до него или все еще продолжается в этот момент. Используется с глаголами, не употребл. в Continious, и вместо Future Perfect Continious, чтобы подчеркнуть факт, а не длительность. Предлоги: since, for She will have been here for a month tomorrow.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it would have worked He said he would have read a book by 5 tomorrow.

 Present

 Past

 Future

  Future-in-the-past

 PERFECT CONTINUOUS

I/you/we/they have been working He/she/it has been working I/you/we/they have not been working He/she/it has not been working Have I/you/we/they been working? Has he/she/it been working? Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся в данный момент или закончившееся прямо до момента речи. Сейчас в том же значении более употребимо Present Perfect Tense. Предлоги: since, for. We haven’t been writing letters for a month He has been riding a bike since his childhood.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it had been working I/you/we/they/he/she/it had not been working Had I/you/we/they/he/she/it been working? Действие, начавшееся в прошлом и продолжающееся в какой-то момент в прошлом или закончившееся прямо до какого-то момента в прошлом. Сейчас в том же значении более употребимо Past Perfect Tense. Предлоги: since, for. I had been writing a letter for two hours when he came.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it will have been working I/you/we/they/he/she/it will not have been working Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it have been working? Длительное действие, которое начинается до определенного момента в будущем и длится прямо до него или все еще продолжается в этот момент. Используется очень редко. Предлоги: since, for. She will have been here for a month tomorrow.

I/you/we/they/he/she/it would have been working He said he would have been reading a book for 2 hours by 5 tomorrow.