Контрольная работа № 4 (Четвертый семестр)

Контрольная работа № 4 должна быть выполнена письменно и предъявлена преподавателю до начала сессии. Работа включает в себя лексические задания по экономической тематике и грамматические задания по теме «Причастие». (Основная литература № 2).

Упражнение 1. Образуйте от нижеперечисленных глаголов активное и пассивное причастия, переведите их на русский язык.

Образец: toorder–ordering–ordered

заказывать – заказывающий – заказанный

to inform, to receive, to enclose, to provide, to supply, to demand, to give, to refer, to transfer, to pay, to cover, to obtain, to deliver.

Упражнение 2. Найдите в каждом предложении причастие, определите его форму и функцию.

1. Companies supplying goods are interested in their high quality.

2. An individual person has to receive prices existing in the market.

3. In a free market economy commodities supplied can greatly differ in their quality.

4. When drawing up a contract for the sale of goods it is necessary to give a detailed description of the goods.

5. Having fulfilled the terms of the contract we refused to admit the claim of the firm.

6. Being checked with great care, the letter of deposit did not contain any errors.

7. The firms earning higher revenues should spend more money on new technologies.

8. The producers are interested in factors influencing the price increases.

9. The price elasticity is only one of the problems studied by economists in the theory of demand and supply.

10. Studying economy of a particular country, we should consider both traditions and tastes of people living there.

Упражнение 3. Укажите сложные конструкции с причастием. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец: We expect the goods delivered tomorrow.

Мы ожидаем, что товар будет доставлен завтра.

Конструкция «сложное дополнение» причастием II.

1. Inflation being anticipated, an economy can adjust to it more rapidly.

2. The treaty between Russia and China is done in the Russian and Chinese languages, both texts being equally valid.

3. We saw the engines being carefully packed in cases.

4. Some countries being nearer to command economies, others are closer to free market economies.

5. He wants the cases counted and weighed.

6. Economic environment is determined by the economic policies of the government, fiscal and monetary policies being the major factors.

7. The captain watched the goods being discharged.

8. The inflation rate having grown rapidly, the costs of inflation became more difficult to cope with.

9. The Central Bank wants the exchange rate kept steady as long as possible.

10. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government, others being used in response to the demands of consumers.

Упражнение 4. Прочитайте текст, выпишите все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переводом. Подготовьте чтение текста. Переведите текст письменно.

Corruption

Corruption is a problem that has beset public and private institutions – and hindered economic and social advancement – since ancient times.

It is now a well-established principle that governments cannot fight corruption alone. The private sector and civil society must be actively engaged in shining a light on graft and stopping corrupt practices. National and local governments have been working with business and civil society to ensure that public procure­ments are conducted in a transparent and honest manner. Many governments are also partnering with business and nongovernmental groups to enhance transpar­ency in industries prone to corruption. These initiatives have led to more efficient and effective use of public funds.

Private citizens and organizations can serve not only as watchdogs for govern­ment action, but they can also play a vital role in promoting integrity within their own spheres of influence. This principle has been enshrined in the U.N. Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), the nearly universal – ratified by 158 countries and the European Union – and most comprehensive international anti-corruption treaty. Broad coverage of preventive and punitive measures, provi­sions on international cooperation and the return of the proceeds of corruption, and a mechanism to monitor the implementation of the treaty make it a potent weapon against national and transnational corruption.

Упражнение 5. Прочитайте, переведите письменно статью. Приготовьте пересказ.

The not-for-profit sector

Are regulators striking the right balance between safety and profitability?

Between 2007 and the end of last year shareholders in banks globally have lost almost 10% of their investment each year, according to the Boston Consulting Group (see chart 1). Behind this international average lie some truly horrible losses. Investors who stuck it out in Dutch banks saw the value of their holdings fall by almost 28% a year. Holders of French, German and Swiss banks suffered average annual losses of close to 20%. Those in American and British banks lost 14% and 16% a year respectively. A fall in the price of an asset is usually a good signal to consider buying it. But those investors who thought that they had timed the bottom of the market have been proved wrong again and again. Such sharp falls in shareholder value are not just distressing for investors. They should also worry the businesses and
households that need a healthy banking system to keep credit flowing. If the shares and debt issued by banks are uninvestible, then over time the banking system will have to shrink or be nationalised. There are three reasons why the banks have been such a bad bet. The first is weakness in Western economies, which has led to elevated losses, subdued demand for credit and deleveraging by the banks themselves. With returns on assets remaining largely unchanged (this is a tough time to charge customers more), the industry's total profits are likely to keep falling. A second reason is worries about sovereign defaults. In the second half of last year European banks sold virtually none of the long-term bonds that they use, alongside deposits, to finance loans.
The weak economy and worries over the euro area are, with some luck, transient problems. Yet weighing on investors' minds is a third concern: the impact that regulation will have on banks' long-term profitability and the safety of their debt. Returns on equity have fallen precipitously, from about 15% before the crisis to below 10% now. British banks' returns have slipped from almost 20% to about 5% last year. A big reason is that banks have to hold much more equity as a buffer against losses. Simple arithmetics dictates that returns must fall. Other regulations to make banks safer also have a cost. Banks will have to hold many more liquid assets, which can be quickly sold. They are also being forced to stop profitable (if risky) activities.

May 5th 2012