III. Содержание самостоятельной работы студентов

Большую роль в овладении иностранным языком для студентов заочного отделения играет самостоятельная работа. Особенностью овладения иностранным языком на заочном отделении является тот факт, что объем внеаудиторной самостоятельной работы студента по выработке речевых навыков и умений значительно превышает объем практических аудиторных занятий с преподавателем.

Для того, чтобы добиться успеха, необходимо приступить к работе над языком с первых дней обучения в вузе и заниматься систематически.

Внеаудиторная самостоятельная работавключает в себя такие виды, как:

1. выполнение домашних заданий для практических занятий;

2. выполнение тестовых работ;

3. дополнительное чтение текстов по специальности, страноведческого и общественно-политического характера, которые расширяют словарный запас и речевую практику студентов;

4. изучение темы по выбору (презентация темы);

5. подготовка к зачету или экзамену.

Третий семестр

Тема: «Моя специальность» (31 час).

Подготовка к практическому занятию по теме включает в себя следующие задания:

1. Прочитайте текст (стр. 99) и выполните письменно упр. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 (стр. 100-106). (Основная литература № 1).

2. Прочитайте информацию об инфинитиве (стр. 105-108) и выполните письменно упр. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 (стр. 109-117). (Основная литература № 2).

Тема: «Финансовая система государства» (31 час).

Подготовка к практическому занятию включает в себя следующие задания:

1. Прочитайте текст (стр. 113) и выполните письменно упр. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12 (стр. 113-117). (Основная литература № 1).

2. Прочитайте информацию об инфинитиве (стр. 105-108) и выполните письменно упр.10, 13, 15, 16 (стр. 109-117). (Основная литература № 2).

Четвертый семестр

Тема: «Финансовое право» (29 часов).

Подготовка к практическому занятию включает в себя следующие задания:

1. Прочитайте информацию о причастии (стр. 152-157) и выполните письменно упр. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (стр. 158-165). (Основная литература № 2)

Тема: «Расходование публичных средств. Коррупция» (29 часов).

Подготовка к практическому занятию включает в себя следующие задания:

2. Прочитайте информацию о причастии (стр. 152-157) и выполните письменно упр. 9, 12, 13, 14, 19 (стр. 158-165). (Основная литература № 2)

Подготовка к контрольной работе

Контрольная работа № 3 должна быть выполнена письменно и предъявлена преподавателю до начала сессии. Работа включает в себя лексические задания по экономической тематике и грамматические задания по теме «Инфинитив». (Основная литература № 2).

Контрольная работа № 3 (Третий семестр)

Упражнение 1. В каждом предложении укажите формы инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Модель: In developing countries, labour efficiency is too low in agriculture to hope for an increase in food supply in the near future

To hope – простой активный инфинитив

В сельском хозяйстве развивающихся стран эффективность труда находится на очень низком уровне, что не позволяет надеяться на увеличение поставок продовольствия в ближайшем будущем.

a)

1. To run a business is to plan its activities and to determine all operations necessary at each step.

2. To control economy is the same as to intervene in it.

3. To develop new information technologies is of prime importance for those countries that wish to lead in the world economy.

4. To stay in the tobacco market is not an easy task for Russian manufactures.

5. To use food stamps (карточки, талоны) was common practice in many countries in wartime.

b)

1. In order to consume, we need income.

2. In order to earn income, we have to work.

3. Firms and individuals spend their income to consume and to invest.

4. To analyze the labour market an economist should first explain how people allocate their time to production.

5. With an increase in the price of one factor of production, to produce a given output the firm starts using a technology economizing on the factor the price of which has risen.

c)

1. The price of the goods became high enough for society to stop choosing them for everyday use.

2. As a rule, resources in industrialized countries are used effectively enough to make a good base for economic growth.

3. The imports tariffs were not raised high enough to decrease import.

4. Statistics depends too much on limited information resources to avoid (избегать) compromises.

5. The economic growth is too slow now to expect a rapid increase in demand and supply.

Упражнение 2. В каждом предложении укажите функцию инфинитива. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец: In developing countries, labour efficiency is too low in agriculture to hope for an increase in food supply in the near future

To hope –инфинитив в функции обстоятельства следствия

В сельском хозяйстве развивающихся стран эффективность труда находится на очень низком уровне, что не позволяет надеяться на увеличение поставок продовольствия в ближайшем будущем.

1. То produce goods and services firms use the following factors of produc­tion: workers' time, talents and knowledge; equipment; land; buildings.

2. The government ought to take steps to reduce the unemployment rate.

3. The problem is that demands are practically limitless and the resources (natural resources, labour and capital) available at one time to produce goods and services are limited in supply.

4. To meet the requirements of a variety of potential users is the purpose of economic statistics.

5. Like physical capital, human capital is important enough to be an indicator of economic development of a nation.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на русский язык предложения с конструкцией «сложное допол­нение».

1. When market conditions change, economists expect the price for land to vary.

2. Too high cost of imported cotton (хлопок) has made a lot of textile enterprises close down in Russia.

3. Economists believe the availability of labour to be an essential requirement for economic activity.

4. Private-sector producers consider profitability to be the most essential condition of their business.

5. In a supermarket the seller chooses the goods and the prices making buyers decide how much they want to make a purchase in this particular place.

Упражнение 4. Объедините или измените следующие предложения по образцу, используя кон­струкцию «сложное дополнение».

Образец: It is known to every economist that an increase in the price of a factor will reduce demand for it.

 Every economist knows an increase in the price of a factor to reduce demand for it.

1. The rate of unemployment in tourist areas is higher than in highly industrialized ones. Economists know this.

2. It is well known to economists that the motives for nationalization are political as well as economic.

3. As prices for fuel and electricity have risen, we expect an increase in all prices.

4. The degree of profitability in private enterprises is higher than in the public sector. Some economists think so.

5. Many experts think that the growing use of fertilizers and other chemicals presents a danger for the environment.

Упражнение 5. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с инфинитивом в качестве определения.

1. How much more efficiently than the government the private sector uses resources remains a problem to discuss.

2. To keep the economy as close as possible to full employment is an essential aim for the government to reach.

3. Larger investments in production expansion result in smaller amounts to be saved and to be distributed as dividends.

4. Durable goods are goods to be used in production in future or to be consumed over a long period of time.

5. A person starting his own business should have some financial capital to support the firm's operation before any revenue is earned.

6. Farmers normally attract additional labour force to be used at harvest time.

Упражнение 6. Прочитайте текст, выпишите все незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переводом. Подготовьте чтение текста. Переведите текст письменно.

Financial institutions

Financial law is the body of legal rules regulating social relations, which arise in the course of formation, distribution and usage of money funds (financial resources) of the state and local authorities, business entities and individuals which are required for accomplishing of their tasks. This section also includes banking activities, laws specifying policy and procedures of foreign currency turnover, relations between banking institutions and their clients.

In financial economics, a financial institution an institution that provides financial services for its clients or members. Probably the most important financial service provided by financial institutions is acting as financial intermediaries.

First thing that people think of when hearing words financial institutions are banks. But banks are not even near to be the only financial institutions. Financial institutions are the firms that provide financial services and advices to its clients. The financial institutions are generally regulated by the financial laws of government authority. The variety of financial institutions reveals the complex requirements of both borrowers and lenders. Banks, building societies, investment trusts and pension funds are just a few of the organisations whose job it is to channel funds to those that require them.

These institutions operate in the short-term (money) market and the long-term (capital) market.

In the money market, the main activity centres around funds, which are lent for periods from as short as overnight up to about one year. The capital market focuses on money borrowed and lent for periods of five years or more.

Various types of Financial Institutions are as follows: Commercial banks, Credit unions, Stock brokerage firms, Asset management firms, Insurance companies, Finance companies, Building Societies, Retailers, Investment funds and mutual funds.

The services provided by the various types of financial institutions may vary from one institution to another. For example, the services offered by the commercial banks are – insurance services, mortgages, loans and credit cards. The services provided by the brokerage firms, on the other hand, are different and they are – insurance, securities, mortgages, loans, credit cards, money market and check writing. The insurance companies offer – insurance services, securities, buying or selling service of the real estates, mortgages, loans, credit cards and check writing.