
Offi-Guid-TOEFL
.pdf
%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
&IPS[ MW E XEFPI XLEX GSRZIVXW ]SYV 0MWXIRMRK WIGXMSR ERW[IVW MRXS E 83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK 7GEPIH 7GSVI 8EOI XLI RYQFIV SJ GSVVIGX ERW[IVW JVSQ ]SYV %RW[IV /I] XEFPI ERH JMRH XLEX RYQFIV MR XLI PIJX LERH GSPYQR SJ XLI XEFPI 8LI VMKLX LERH GSPYQR SJ XLI XEFPI KMZIW E 83)*0 M&8 0MWXIRMRK WGEPIH WGSVI JSV IEGL XSXEP SJ GSVVIGX ERW[IVW *SV I\EQTPI MJ XLI XSXEP SJ TSMRXW JVSQ ]SYV %RW[IV /I] MWXLI XEFPI WLS[W E WGEPIH WGSVI SJ
=SY WLSYPH YWI ]SYV WGSVI IWXMQEXI EW E KIRIVEP KYMHI SRP] =SYV EGXYEP WGSVI SR XLI 83)*0 M&8 XIWX QE] FI LMKLIV SV PS[IV XLER ]SYV WGSVI SR XLI TVEGXMGI ZIVWMSR
0MWXIRMRK
6%; 43-28 838%0 |
7'%0)( 7'36) |
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83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX
0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS E GSRZIVWEXMSR FIX[IIR E WXYHIRX ERH E TVSJIWWSV
4VSJIWWSV
7ERH] LS[tW GPEWW FIIR KSMRK JSV ]SY XLMW WIQIWXIV#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
3L MXtW KVIEX - VIEPP] PMOI ]SYV FYWMRIWW TW]GLSPSK] GPEWW FYX - LEZI SRI QENSV GSRGIVR EFSYX XLI PEWX EWWMKRQIRX ]SY ORS[hXLI SRI [LIVI [I LEZI XS MRXIVZMI[ E PSGEP FYWMRIWW S[RIV YL - QIER IRXVITVIRIYV#
4VSJIWWSV
%VI ]SY LEZMRK XVSYFPI GSQMRK YT [MXL MRXIVZMI[ UYIWXMSRW#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
;IPP XLEXtW NYWX MX - QIER - [SVOIH SR Q] LMKL WGLSSP RI[WTETIV JSV ]IEVW WS - EGXY EPP] LEZI KVIEX UYIWXMSRW XS EWO 8LI XLMRK MW -tQ RI[ XS XLI EVIE ERH - HSRtX ORS[ TISTPI SJJ GEQTYW 7S - [EW [SRHIVMRK MJ [IPP GSYPH ]SY TSWWMFP] KMZI QI XLI REQI SJ WSQISRI - GSYPH MRXIVZMI[ #
4VSJIWWSV
=SY HSRtX ORS[ ER]SRI [LS S[RW E FYWMRIWW#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
;IPP ]IEL FEGO LSQI Q] RI\X HSSV RIMKLFSVWhXLI] S[R E WLSI WXSVI ERH XLI]tVI VIEPP] WYGGIWWJYPhFYX XLI]tVI RSX PSGEP
4VSJIWWSV
;IPP MX [SYPHRtX FI JEMV XS XLI SXLIV WXYHIRXW MJ - KEZI ]SY XLI REQI SJ E GSRXEGXhFYX - GSYPH LIPT ]SY JMKYVI SYX E [E] XS JMRH WSQISRI SR ]SYV S[R 0IXtW WII (S ]SY VIEH XLI PSGEP RI[WTETIV#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
7YVI [LIRIZIV - LEZI XLI XMQI
4VSJIWWSV
;IPP XLI FYWMRIWW WIGXMSR MR XLI TETIV SJXIR LEW WXSVMIW EFSYX PSGEP FYWMRIWW TIS TPI [LStZI FIIR WYGGIWWJYP -J ]SY JMRH ER EVXMGPI ]SY GSYPH GEPP XLI TIVWSR [LS MW TVSJMPIH
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
=SY QIER NYWX GEPP XLIQ YT SYX SJ XLI FPYI ERH EWO XLIQ MJ XLI]tPP XEPO XS QI#
4VSJIWWSV
7YVI [L] RSX#

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
;IPP EVIRtX TISTPI PMOI XLEX E[JYPP] FYW]# 8SS FYW] XS XEPO XS E VERHSQ GSPPIKI
WXYHIRX
4VSJIWWSV
1ER] TISTPI IRNS] XIPPMRK XLI WXSV] SJ LS[ XLI] KSX WXEVXIH 6IQIQFIV XLMW MW E FYWM RIWW TW]GLSPSK] GPEWW ERH JSV XLMW EWWMKRQIRX - [ERX ]SY XS KIX WSQI VIEP MRWMKLX EFSYX FYWMRIWW S[RIVW XLIMV TIVWSREPMX] [LEX HVMZIW XLIQ XS FIGSQI ER IRXVITVI
RIYV
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
0MOI LS[ XLI] XLMRO#
4VSJIWWSV
%RH [LEX QSXMZEXIW XLIQ ;L] HMH XLI] WXEVX XLIMV FYWMRIWW# -tQ WYVI XLI]tH XEPO XS ]SY IWTIGMEPP] MJ ]SY XIPP XLIQ ]SY QMKLX WXEVX E FYWMRIWW WSQI HE]
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
-tQ RSX WYVI -tH LEZI XLI KYXW XS HS XLEX 3TIRMRK E FYWMRIWW WIIQW WS VMWO] WS WGEV]
4VSJIWWSV
;IPP ]SY GER EWO XLIQ MJ XLI] JIPX XLEX [E] XSS 2S[ ]SY NYWX RIIH XS JMRH WSQISRI XS MRXIVZMI[ XS WII MJ ]SYV MRWXMRGXW EVI GSVVIGX
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR EKEMR XS TEVX SJ XLI GSRZIVWEXMSR
4VSJIWWSV
%VI ]SY LEZMRK XVSYFPI GSQMRK YT [MXL MRXIVZMI[ UYIWXMSRW#
7XYHIRX
;IPP XLEXtW NYWX MX - QIER - [SVOIH SR Q] LMKL WGLSSP RI[WTETIV JSV ]IEVW WS - EGXY EPP] LEZI KVIEX UYIWXMSRW XS EWO
2EVVEXSV
;LEX HSIW XLI WXYHIRX MQTP]#
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI MR ER ERXLVSTSPSK] GPEWW
4VSJIWWSV
3/ - - [ERX XS FIKMR XSHE] F] XEPOMRK EFSYX GEPIRHEVW - ORS[ WSQI SJ ]SY EVI XLMROMRK MXtW RSX EPP XLEX JEWGMREXMRK VMKLX # &YX PMWXIR XLI RI\X XMQI ]SY PSSO EX E GEPIRHEV - [ERX ]SY XS OIIT WSQIXLMRK MR QMRH 8LIVI EVI EX PIEWX XLVII REXYVEP [E]W SJ QIEWYVMRK XLI XLI TEWWEKI SJ XMQIhF] HE] F] QSRXL ERH F] ]IEV %RH XLIWI EVI EPP TVIXX] IEW] XS WII VMKLX# - QIER E HE] MW FEWIH SR SRI VSXEXMSR SJ )EVXL %

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX
QSRXL MW LS[ PSRK XLI 1SSR XEOIW XS QSZI EVSYRH XLI )EVXL %RH E ]IEV MW XLI XMQI MX
XEOIW JSV )EVXL XS QSZI EVSYRH XLI 7YR VMKLX# 7S XLI]tVI EPP FEWIH SR REXYVEP IZIRXW
&YX XLI REXYVEP GPSGOW SJ )EVXL XLI 1SSR ERH XLI 7YR VYR SR HMJJIVIRX XMQIW ERH ]SY
GERtX HMZMHI ER] SRI SJ XLIWI XMQI TIVMSHW F] ERSXLIV SRI [MXLSYX LEZMRK WSQI QIWW]
JVEGXMSR PIJX SZIV - QIER SRI PYREV QSRXLhXLEXtW XLI XMQI MX XEOIW JSV XLI 1SSR XS KS
EVSYRH )EVXLhSRI QSRXL MW EFSYX ERH E LEPJ HE]W RSX VIEPP] E RMGI VSYRH RYQ
FIV %RH SRI ]IEV MW E PMXXPI QSVI XLER HE]W 7S XLIWI EVI SFZMSYWP] RYQFIVW XLEX
HSRtX HMZMHI MRXS IEGL SXLIV ZIV] RIEXP] %RH XLMW QEOIW MX TVIXX] HMJJMGYPX XS GVIEXI
WSQI WSVX SJ XMH] GEPIRHEV XLEX VIEPP] [SVOW
2SX XLEX HMJJIVIRX GYPXYVIW LEZIRtX XVMIH ,EZI ER] SJ ]SY IZIV FIIR XS 7XSRI LIRKI# 2S ]SY ORS[ XLEX EQE^MRK GMVGPI SJ KMERX WXSRIW MR )RKPERH# ;IPP MJ ]SY IZIV KS ERH JMRH ]SYVWIPJ [SRHIVMRK [L] XLMW GYPXYVI [E] FEGO MR TVILMWXSVMG )RKPERH [SYPH KS XS WS QYGL [SVO XS GSRWXVYGX XLMW QSRYQIRXEP VMRK SJ IRSVQSYW WXSRIW [IPP OIIT MR QMRH XLEX E PSX SJ YW XLMRO MX [EW HIWMKRIH EX PIEWX TEVXMEPP] EW E GEPIRHEVhXS QEVO [LIR XLI WIEWSRW SJ XLI ]IEV FIKMR EGGSVHMRK XS XLI I\EGX HE] [LIR XLI 7YR GSQIW YT JVSQ E TEVXMGYPEV HMVIGXMSR - LEZI GSPPIEKYIW [LS MRWMWX MXtW E XIQTPI QE]FI SV E XSQF FYX XLI] GERtX HIR] XLEX MX [EW EPWS YWIH EW E GEPIRHEVTVSFEFP] XS LIPT JMKYVI SYX JSV I\EQTPI [LIR JEVQIVW WLSYPH FIKMR XLIMV TPERXMRK IEGL ]IEV
8LI 1E]ERW MR 'IRXVEP %QIVMGE EPWS MRZIRXIH E GEPIRHEV FYX JSV E HMJJIVIRX TYV TSWI 8LI 1E]ERW IWTIGMEPP] XLI VS]EPX] ERH TVMIWXW [ERXIH XS PSSO EX PSRK G]GPIW SJ LMWXSV]hWS XLI GEPIRHEV XLI] YWIH LEH XS FI EFPI XS GSYRX JEV MRXS XLI JYXYVI EW [IPP EW JEV MRXS XLI TEWX %RH RSX SRP] [IVI XLI 1E]ERW OIITMRK XVEGO SJ XLI REXYVEP XMQI OIITIVW [I QIRXMSRIH FIJSVIh)EVXL XLI 1SSR ERH XLI 7YRhFYX ERSXLIV REXYVEP XMQIOIITIV XLI TPERIX :IRYW
:IRYW VMWIW MR XLI WO] EW XLI QSVRMRK WXEV IZIV] HE]W ERH XLI :IRYW G]GPI [EW MRGSVTSVEXIH MR XLI 1E]ER GEPIRHEV 7S XLI 1E]ERW OITX XVEGO SJ PSRK TIVMSHW SJ XMQI ERH XLI] HMH MX WS EGGYVEXIP] MR JEGX XLEX XLIMV GEPIRHEV MW GSRWMHIVIH EFSYX EW GSQTPM GEXIH ERH WSTLMWXMGEXIH EW ER] MR XLI [SVPH
2S[ XLI ERGMIRX 'LMRIWI FIPMIZIH ZIV] WXVSRKP] MR EWXVSPSK]hXLI MHIE XLEX ]SY GER TVIHMGX JYXYVI IZIRXW FEWIH SR XLI TSWMXMSRW SJ XLI WXEVW ERH TPERIXW PMOI WE]
.YTMXIV -RGMHIRXEPP] XLI [LSPI 'LMRIWI W]WXIQ SJ EWXVSPSK] [EW FEWIH SR XLI JEGX XLEX XLI TPERIX .YTMXIV KSIW EVSYRH XLI 7YR SRGI IZIV] ]IEVW WS SRI SVFMX SJ .YTMXIV PEWXW SJ SYV )EVXL ]IEVW %TTEVIRXP] XLEXtW [L] XLI 'LMRIWI GEPIRHEV LEW E G]GPI SJ X[IPZI ]IEVW =SY ORS[ PMOI q8LI =IEV SJ XLI (VEKSR r q8LI =IEV SJ XLI 8MKIV r ERH WS SR EPP TEVXW SJ E ]IEV EWXVSPSKMGEP G]GPI XLEX [I KIX JVSQ XLI SVFMX SJ .YTMXIV
'EPIRHEVW FEWIH SR XLI SVFMXW SJ SXLIV TPERIXW XLSYKL EVI E PSX PIWW GSQQSR
XLER XLSWI FEWIH SR XLI G]GPI SJ XLI 1SSRhXLI PYREV QSRXL - GSYPH QIRXMSR ER]
RYQFIV SJ MQTSVXERX GYPXYVIW EVSYRH XLI [SVPH XLEX LEZI HITIRHIH SR PYREV GEPIR
HEVW FYX XLIVI VIEPP] MWRtX XMQI
7S PIXtW KS VMKLX XS XLI GEPIRHEV XLEXtW RS[ YWIH XLVSYKLSYX QSWX SJ XLI [SVPHhE WSPEV GEPIRHEVhFEWIH SR XLI RYQFIV SJ HE]W MR E ]IEV 8LMW GEPIRHEVtW QEMRP] HIVMZIH JVSQ XLI SRI XLI ERGMIRX 6SQERW HIZMWIH E GSYTPI XLSYWERH ]IEVW EKS - QIER XLI 6SQERWh[MXL QSVI XLER E PMXXPI LIPT JVSQ XLI +VIIOWhVIEPM^IH XLEX E ]IEV EGXYEPP] PEWXW EFSYX ERH SRI UYEVXIV HE]W %RH WS XLI] HIGMHIH XS VSYRH SJJ QSWX ]IEVW XSHE]W FYX QEOI IZIV] JSYVXL ]IEV MRXS E PIET ]IEV - QIER WSQILS[ ]SY LEZI XS EGGSYRX JSV XLEX I\XVE SRI JSYVXL SJ E HE] IEGL ]IEV WS IZIV] JSYV ]IEVW XLI] QEHI

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
XLI GEPIRHEV SRI HE] PSRKIV &] EHHMRK XLI PIET ]IEV XLI 6SQERW [IVI EFPI XS QEOI E
GEPIRHEV XLEX [SVOIH WS [IPPhXLEX [MXL E JI[ QMRSV EHNYWXQIRXW XLMW GEPIRHEV MW WXMPP
[MHIP] YWIH XSHE]
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI MR E FMSPSK] GPEWW
4VSJIWWSV
;ItZI FIIR HMWGYWWMRK ERMQEP GSQQYRMGEXMSR 9Q XSHE] [ItVI KSMRK XS XEPO EFSYX HSPTLMRW 2S[ HSPTLMRW QEOI E [MHI VERKI SJ GSQQYRMGEXMZI WSYRHW ERH EPWS HMW TPE] WSQIXLMRK GEPPIH ZSGEP PIEVRMRK [LMGL MW XLI EFMPMX] SJ ER ERMQEP XS QSHMJ] MXW ZS GEPM^EXMSRW FEWIH SR MXW I\TIVMIRGI [MXL SXLIV ERMQEPW
%L XLIVI EVI QER] X]TIW SJ HSPTLMR ZSGEPM^EXMSRW ;I [I WXMPP HSRtX ORS[ XLIMV TVI GMWI QIERMRKWhTEVXP] - WYTTSWI FIGEYWI [I LEZIRtX VIEPP] XVMIH XLEX LEVH XS JMKYVI SYX XLIMV TVIGMWI QIERMRKWhFYX [I HS ORS[ XLEX HSPTLMRW YWI ZSGEPM^EXMSRW EW E [E] SJ GSQQYRMGEXMRK [MXL SRI ERSXLIV %RH [ItZI GEXIKSVM^IH XLIMV ZSGEPM^EXMSRW MRXS XLVII X]TIW [LMWXPIW GPMGOW ERH FYVWX TYPWIW
8LI HSPTLMR [LMWXPIW EVI ZIV] LMKL JVIUYIRG] WSYRHW EL TEVXMEPP] EFSZI XLI VERKI SJ LYQER LIEVMRK ;LEXtW JEWGMREXMRK MW IEGL HSPTLMR LEW E WMKREXYVI [LMWXPI [LMGL MW YRMUYI XS IEGL MRHMZMHYEP HSPTLMR -X EPPS[W XLIQ XS GEPP XS ERH MHIRXMJ] IEGL SXLIV .IRRMJIV#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
/MRH SJ PMOI PIEVRMRK WSQISRItW REQI# 7S HS HSPTLMR TEVIRXW GLSSWI REQIW JSV XLIMV GLMPHVIR#
4VSJIWWSV
;IPP EKEMR XLEXtW WSQIXLMRK [I HSRtX ORS[ FYX [I HS ORS[ XLEX RS X[S WMKREXYVI [LMWXPIW WSYRH MHIRXMGEP %RH QIQFIVW SJ XLI WEQI JEQMP] XLIMV WMKREXYVI [LMWXPIW LEZI WMQMPEV IPIQIRXW (SPTLMRW YWI XLIQ EW GSRXEGX GEPPWhEL XLI] XLI] GEPP XS IEGL SXLIV [LMPI XVEZIPMRK ERH JSVEKMRK -X LIPTW OIIT XLI KVSYT XSKIXLIV ERH LIPTW QSXL IVW ERH GLMPHVIR JMRH IEGL SXLIV 8LMRO SJ MX PMOI EL MJ ]SY [IVI XVEZIPMRK MR XLI JSV IWX [MXL SRI SXLIV TIVWSR [LS [EW NYWX SYX SJ WMKLX ]SYtH GEPP SYX q%VI ]SY XLIVI#r ERH XLI SXLIV TIVWSR [SYPH VIWTSRH &YX MJ XLIVI [IVI WIZIVEP TISTPI MR XLI JSVIWX ]SY [SYPH LEZI XS GEPP XLEX TIVWSRtW REQI XS GEPP XS XLIQ
-R MR EHHMXMSR XS [LMWXPIW HSPTLMRW TVSHYGI GPMGOW [LMGL EVI EGXYEPP] WSREV SV WSYRH [EZIW 8LI] YWI XLI GPMGOW XS GSQQYRMGEXI FYX QSVI MQTSVXERXP] XS REZMKEXI ERH LYRX ,S[# ;IPP XLI WSREV GPMGOW FSYRGI SJJ SFNIGXW ERH XLIR XLI HSPTLMRW GSR ZIVX XLI MRGSQMRK WMKREPW MRXS E XLVII HMQIRWMSREP TMGXYVI E E QIRXEP QET SJ [LEXtW EVSYRH XLIQ 8LI GPMGOW EVI I\XVIQIP] WIRWMXMZI ERH EGGYVEXI 8LI WSREV GPMGOW EVI EPWS ZIV] WXVSRK %RH XLIVItW XLMW XLISV] XLEX SRI VIEWSR HSPTLMRW W[MQ WMHI F] WMHI MW XS EZSMH MRXIVJIVIRGI JVSQ IEGL SXLIVWt WSREV GPMGOW -RXIVJIVIRGI [SYPH FI GSR JYWMRK MX [SYPH TVIZIRX XLIQ JVSQ KIXXMRK ER EGGYVEXI TMGXYVI SJ XLIMV WYVVSYRH MRKW %L ERH [LEXtW MRXIVIWXMRK MW HSPTLMRW [MPP XYVR SJJ XLIMV WSREV [LIR ERSXLIV HSPTLMR TEWWIW MR JVSRX

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX
%L XLI XLMVH GEXIKSV] SJ HSPTLMR ZSGEPM^EXMSRW MW FYVWX TYPWIW 8LIWI EVI EPP XLMW SXLIV WSYRHW XLI HSPTLMR QEOIWhWUYE[OW WUYIEPW FEVOW KVSERW ERH WS SR &YVWX TYPWIW EVI YWIH XS HMWTPE] EKKVIWWMSR WLS[ HSQMRERGI ERH EXXVEGX E QEXI &YX [LMW XPIW GPMGOW ERH FYVWX TYPWIW EVIRtX XLI SRP] [E]W HSPTLMRW GSQQYRMGEXI 9Q HSIW ER]SRI VIQIQFIV ER] SXLIV [E]W#
1EPI 7XYHIRX
-R XLI FSSO MX WEMH XLEX XLI] EPWS WPET XLIMV XEMPW EKEMRWX XLI [EXIV# 3L ERH XLI EMV XLEX GSQIW SYX [LIR XLI] FVIEXLI SV [LMWXPI XLI EL XLI FYFFPI WXVIEQW# 8LI] GER GSRXVSP LS[ XLI EMV FYFFPIW GSQI SYX# - XLSYKLX XLEX [EW VIEPP] MRXIVIWXMRK
4VSJIWWSV
=IW XLI FYFFPI WXVIEQW EVI ZIV] MRXIVIWXMRK (SPTLMRW GER MHIRXMJ] ERH PSGEXI IEGL SXLIV F] XLIMV FYFFPI WXVIEQW ERH XLI] GER MQMXEXI XLI FYFFPI WXVIEQ TEXXIVRW SJ SXLIV HSPTLMRW WSVX SJ PMOI WE]MRK LIPPS 7S EW ]SY GER WII HSPTLMRW YWI QER] HMJ JIVIRX WSYRHW ERH FILEZMSVW XS GSRZI] QIWWEKIW XS IEGL SXLIV
-tH PMOI XS XIPP ]SY EFSYX [LIR - [EW E KVEHYEXI WXYHIRX ERH - WTIRX SRI WYQQIV SR E FSEX MR XLI %XPERXMG 3GIER WXYH]MRK QEVMRI PMJI 3RI QSVRMRK XLIVI [IVI EFSYX HSPTLMRW W[MQQMRK [MXL XLI FSEX ;I GSYPH LIEV XLIMV GPMGOW ERH [LMWXPIW EW XLI] GEPPIH XS IEGL SXLIV 2S[ [I [IVI XLIVI EW MQTEVXMEP WGMIRXMWXW XS HS VIWIEVGL FYX LS[ GSYPH [I RSX RSXMGI XLI FIEYX] EW XLI FYFFPI WXVIEQW QEHI TEXXIVRW MR XLI [EXIV ERH XLI HSPTLMRW ETTIEVIH XS HERGI ERH TPE]# -XtW [SRHIVJYP [LIR ]SY HS JMIPH [SVO ERH EGXYEPP] I\TIVMIRGI WSQIXLMRK ]SYtZI FIIR WXYH]MRK MR E GPEWWVSSQ 7S MJ ]SY IZIV LEZI XLI STTSVXYRMX] KS JSV MX
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR EKEMR XS TEVX SJ XLI PIGXYVI 8LIR ERW[IV XLI UYIWXMSR
4VSJIWWSV
%L XLMRO SJ MX PMOI EL MJ ]SY [IVI XVEZIPMRK MR XLI JSVIWX [MXL SRI SXLIV TIVWSR [LS [EW NYWX SYX SJ WMKLX ]SYtH GEPP SYX q%VI ]SY XLIVI#r ERH XLI SXLIV TIVWSR [SYPH VIWTSRH &YX MJ XLIVI [IVI WIZIVEP TISTPI MR XLI JSVIWX ]SY [SYPH LEZI XS GEPP XLEX TIVWSRtW REQI XS GEPP XS XLIQ
2EVVEXSV
;LEX HSIW XLMW I\EQTPI MPPYWXVEXI#
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E GSRZIVWEXMSR FIX[IIR E WXYHIRX ERH E YRMZIVWMX] IQTPS]II
)QTPS]II
3L LIPPS GER - LIPT ]SY#

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
7XYHIRX
9Q ]IEL -tQ PSSOMRK JSV 4VSJIWWSV /MVO MW WLI LIVI# - QIER MW XLMW LIV SJJMGI#
)QTPS]II
=IW ]SYtVI MR XLI VMKLX TPEGIh4VSJIWWSV /MVOtW SJJMGI MW VMKLX FILMRH QIhFYX RS WLItW RSX LIVI VMKLX RS[
7XYHIRX
9Q HS ]SY ORS[ [LIR WLItPP FI FEGO#
)QTPS]II
;IPP WLItW XIEGLMRK EPP QSVRMRK 7LI [SRtX FI FEGO YRXMP PIX QI GLIGO LQQ WLI [SRtX FI FEGO YRXMP EJXIV PYRGL 8LEXtW [LIR WLI LEW LIV SJJMGI LSYVW 4IVLETW ]SY GSYPH GSQI FEGO XLIR#
7XYHIRX
3L YRJSVXYREXIP] RS - LEZI GPEWW XLMW EJXIVRSSR %RH - [EW VIEPP] LSTMRK XS XEPO XS LIV XSHE] ,I] YQ HS ]SY ORS[ MJ WLItW EGGITXMRK ER] QSVI WXYHIRXW MRXS LIV MRXVS HYGXMSR XS FMSPSK] GPEWW#
)QTPS]II
=SY [ERX XS ORS[ MJ ]SY GER XEOI XLI GPEWW#
7XYHIRX
=IW MJ WLItW PIXXMRK ER] QSVI WXYHIRXW WMKR YT -tH PMOI -tH PMOI XS NSMR XLI GPEWW
)QTPS]II
-RXVSHYGXMSR XS FMSPSK] MW E ZIV] TSTYPEV GPEWW IWTIGMEPP] [LIR WLI XIEGLIW MX % PSX SJ WXYHIRXW XEOI MX
7XYHIRX
=IEL XLEXtW [L] XLI VIKMWXVEV WEMH MX [EW JYPP -tZI KSX XLI JSVQ XLI VIKMWXVEV KEZI QI YQ [MXL QI XS KIX LIV TIVQMWWMSR XS XEOI XLI GPEWW -XtW EPP JMPPIH SYX I\GITX JSV LIV WMK REXYVI -tQ LSTMRK WLItPP PIX QI MR IZIR XLSYKL XLI GPEWW MW JYPP =SY WII -tQ E WIRMSV XLMW ]IEV ERH YL XLMWtPP FI Q] PEWX WIQIWXIV WS MXtW Q] PEWX GLERGI
)QTPS]II
3L [S[ VIEPP] - QIER QSWX WXYHIRXW JYPJMPP XLIMV WGMIRGI VIUYMVIQIRX XLI JMVWX ]IEV
7XYHIRX
;IPP - QIER YQ XS FI LSRIWX - OITX TYXXMRK MX SJJ -tQ RSX VIEPP] E FMK JER SJ WGMIRGI GPEWWIW MR KIRIVEP ERH [MXL XLI PEFW ERH IZIV]XLMRK -tZI RIZIV UYMXI JSYRH XLI XMQI
)QTPS]II
=SYV EHZMWSV HMHRtX WE] ER]XLMRK#
7XYHIRX
;IPP XS XIPP ]SY XLI XVYXL WLItW FIIR EJXIV QI XS XEOI E GPEWW PMOI XLMW JSV E [LMPI FYX -tQ HSYFPI QENSVMRK MR EVX ERH NSYVREPMWQ ERH WS Q] WGLIHYPItW FIIR VIEPP] XMKLX [MXL EPP XLI GPEWWIW - KSXXEt XEOI WS WSQILS[ - RIZIV

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX
)QTPS]II
;IPP TIVLETW ]SY GSYPH PIEZI XLI JSVQ [MXL QI ERH -tPP WII MJ WLItPP WMKR MX JSV ]SY
7XYHIRX
=SY ORS[ - ETTVIGMEXI XLEX FYX QE]FI - WLSYPH I\TPEMR XLI TVSFPIQ XS LIV MR TIVWSRHMHRtX [ERX XS HS MX FYX - KYIWW -tPP LEZI XS WIRH LIV ER I QEMP
)QTPS]II
,QQ =SY ORS[ RSX EPP TVSJIWWSVW GLIGO XLIMV I QEMPW VIKYPEVP]h- -tQ RSX WYVI MJ 4VSJIWWSV /MVO HSIW MX SV RSX ,IVItW ER MHIE ;L] HSRtX ]SY WXMGO E RSXI I\TPEMRMRK ]SYV WMXYEXMSR YRHIV LIV HSSV ERH EWO LIV XS GEPP ]SY MJ WLI RIIHW QSVI MRJSVQEXMSR#
7XYHIRX
,I] XLEXtW E KSSH MHIE ERH XLIR - GER PIEZI XLI JSVQ [MXL ]SYhMJ ]SY WXMPP HSRtX
QMRH
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR
2EVVEXSV
;L] HSIW XLI QER WE] XLMW XS XLI [SQER
7XYHIRX
=SY ORS[ - ETTVIGMEXI XLEX FYX QE]FI - WLSYPH I\TPEMR XLI TVSFPIQ XS LIV MR
TIVWSR
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI MR ER EWXVSRSQ] GPEWW
4VSJIWWSV
-tQ WYVI ]tEPP LEZI FIIR JSPPS[MRK XLI RI[W EFSYX 1EVW % PSX SJ WTEGIGVEJX LEZI FIIR ZMWMXMRK XLI TPERIX VIGIRXP]hWSQI LEZI KSRI MRXS SVFMX EVSYRH MX [LMPI SXLIVW LEZI PERHIH SR MX %RH XLI]tZI WIRX FEGO E ER EFYRHERGI SJ HEXE XLEXtW VIWLETMRK SYV ORS[PIHKI SYV ZMWMSR SJ XLI TPERIX MR E PSX SJ [E]W -W XLIVI ER]XLMRK XLEX ]SYtZI FIIR TEVXMGYPEVP] WXVYGO F] MR EPP XLI RI[W VITSVXW#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
;IPP XLI] WIIQ XS QIRXMSR [EXIV E PSX [LMGL OMRHE WYVTVMWIH QI EW - LEZI XLMW TMG XYVI MR Q] LIEH XLEX 1EVW MW HV] WSVXE HV] ERH HIEH
4VSJIWWSV
=SYtVI RSX XLI SRP] SRI =SY ORS[ JSV GIRXYVMIW QSWX SJ SYV ORS[PIHKI SJ XLI TPERIX GEQI JVSQ [LEX [I WE[ XLVSYKL XIPIWGSTIW WS SFZMSYWP] MX [EW TVIXX] PMQMXIHhERH SYV ZMI[W SJ XLI TPERIX [IVI JSVQIH EW QYGL F] [VMXIVW EW XLI] [IVI F] WIVMSYW WGMIRXMWXW ;LIR XLI JMVWX WGMIRGI JMGXMSR WXSVMIW GEQI SYX 1EVW [EW HIWGVMFIH EW FIMRK E PSX PMOI )EVXL I\GITX

%RW[IVW ERH 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTXW
1EPI 7XYHIRX
- ORS[ XLI TPERIX [EW VIH ERH YL XLI TISTPI [IVI KVIIR -tZI WIIR WSQI SJ XLSWI SPH QSZMIW [LEX [IVI XLI] XLMROMRK# - QIER VIEPP] XLI]
4VSJIWWSV
;IPP MX WIIQW WMPP] XS YW RS[ FYX XLSWI MHIEW [IVI UYMXI MQEKMREXMZI ERH SGGEWMSR EPP] WGEV] MR XLIMV XMQI %R][E] [I FIKER XS VIXLMRO SYV MQEKI SJ 1EVW [LIR XLI JMVWX WTEGIGVEJX JPI[ F] XLI TPERIX MR ERH WIRX TMGXYVIW FEGO XS )EVXL 8LSWI TMGXYVIW WLS[IH E TPERIX XLEX PSSOIH E PSX QSVI PMOI SYV QSSR XLER )EVXLhPSXW SJ GVEXIVW ERH RSX QYGL IPWI -X [EW FMXXIVP] GSPH MX LEH E ZIV] XLMR EXQSWTLIVI ERH XLEX EXQSWTLIVI [EW QSWXP] GEVFSR HMS\MHI 7S XLI ZMI[ SJ 1EVW EJXIV XLMW JMVWX JP]F] QMWWMSR [EW XLEX HV] HIEH TPERIX XLEX 0MWE QIRXMSRIH
&YX XLIR XLIVI [IVI QSVI ZMWMXW XS XLI TPERIX MR XLI tWhERH XLMW XMQI XLI WTEGIGVEJX HMHRtX NYWX JP] F] XLI] SVFMXIH SV PERHIH 8LMW EPPS[IH YW XS VIGIMZI QYGL QSVI HIXEMPIH MQEKIW SJ XLI TPERIX ERH MX XYVRIH SYX XS FI E TVIXX] MRXIVIWXMRK TPEGI 1EVW LEH LEW E PSX QSVI XLER GVEXIVWhMX LEW KMERX ZSPGERSIW ERH HIIT GER]SRW -X EPWS WLS[IH WMKRW SJ HVMIH YT VMZIVFIHW ERH TPEMRW XLEX LEH FIIR JSVQIH F] QEWWMZI JPSSHW 7S [I GSRGPYHIH XLEX XLIVI QYWX LEZI FIIR [EXIV SR XLI TPERIX EX SRI XMQIhFMPPMSRW SJ ]IEVW EKS 2S[ [LEX HSIW MX XEOI JSV [EXIV XS I\MWX#
1EPI 7XYHIRX
=SY RIIH XS LEZI E [EVQ IRSYKL XIQTIVEXYVI WS XLEX MX HSIWRtX JVII^I
4VSJIWWSV
8LEXtW SRI XLMRKhERH XLI SXLIV MW XLEX ]SY RIIH IRSYKL EXQSWTLIVMG TVIWWYVI XLMGO IRSYKL EMV WS XLEX XLI [EXIV HSIWRtX MRWXERXP] ZETSVM^I 8LI 1EVW [I WII XSHE] HSIWRtX LEZI IMXLIV SJ XLSWI GSRHMXMSRWhMX MW XSS GSPH ERH XLI EMV MW XSS XLMRhFYX E PSRK XMQI EKS XLIVI QE] LEZI FIIR E XLMGOIV EXQSWTLIVI XLEX GVIEXIH E KVIIRLSYWI IJJIGX XLEX VEMWIH XIQTIVEXYVIWhERH QE]FI XLEX GSQFMREXMSR TVSHYGIH [EXIV SR XLI WYVJEGI SJ XLI TPERIX 7S QE]FI 1EVW [EWRtX NYWX E HIEH FSVMRK VSGOhQE]FI MX [EW YL E JEW GMREXMRK JSWWMP XLEX [EW SRGI EPMZI ERH H]REQMGh[SVXL] SJ I\TPSVEXMSR 2S[ PIXtW NYQT JSV[EVH E JI[ HIGEHIW XS XLI FIKMRRMRK SJ XLMW GIRXYV] ERH E RI[ KIRIVE XMSR SJ SVFMXIVW ERH PERHIVW XLEX LEZI FIIR WIRX XS 1EVW 3J GSYVWI XLI WGMIRXMJMG MR WXVYQIRXW RS[ WYVZI]MRK 1EVW EVI JEV QSVI WSTLMWXMGEXIH XLER XLI MRWXVYQIRXW SJ XLItW WS [ItVI KIXXMRK EPP OMRHW SJ RI[ HEXE JSV EREP]WMW %RH RSX WYVTVMWMRKP] XLEX HEXE MW GLEPPIRKMRK SYV RSXMSRW SJ [LEX 1EVW MW PMOI 0MWE ]SY QIRXMSRIH XLEX E PSX SJ XLI RI[W VITSVXW XEPOIH EFSYX [EXIVhHS ]SY VIQIQFIV ER] SJ XLI HIXEMPW#
*IQEPI 7XYHIRX
;IPP XLI] [IVI WLS[MRK XLIWI TMGXYVIW SJ XLIWI PSRK YL GYXW MR XLI KVSYRH [LMGL [SYPH FI KYPPMIW LIVI - QIER SR )EVXL 8LI] WE] XLEX WMRGI YL KYPPMIW EVI YWYEPP] JSVQIH F] [EXIV MX WIIQW PMOI XLI] QMKLX FI IZMHIRGI XLEX [EXIV WXMPP I\MWXW SR 1EVW FYX - HMHRtX KIX LS[ XLEX [SVOIH
4VSJIWWSV
-tQ RSX WYVTVMWIH 8LIVItVI E PSX SJ XLISVMIW E PSX SJ WTIGYPEXMSR ERH WSQI EVKYI XLI JSVQEXMSRW EVIRtX GEYWIH F] [EXIV EX EPP &YX XLIVItVI WSQI MRKIRMSYW XLISVMIW XLEX EWWYQI XLEX XLIVItW E PSX SJ [EXIV VMKLX YRHIV XLI TPERIXtW WYVJEGI XLEX WSQILS[ MW

83)*0 M&8 4VEGXMGI 8IWX
GEYWMRK XLI KYPPMIW XS JSVQ -J [I GSYPH SRP] KIX E PERHIV XLIVI FYX XLI KYPPMIW EVIRtX
MR TPEGIW [LIVI [I GER WIRH PERHIVW ]IX %R][E] MJ XLIVI MW WSQI OMRH SJ [EXIV EGXMZ
MX] MX QE] GLERKI SYV ZMI[ SJ XLI TPERIX SRGI EKEMR XS WSQIXLMRK XLEXtW RSX HIEH
RSX IZIR E JSWWMP FYX VEXLIV E TPERIX PMOI )EVXL XLEX YRHIVKSIW G]GPIWhXLMRO SJ SYV MGI
EKIWhSZIV PSRK TIVMSHW SJ XMQI 1E]FI 1EVW GSYPH WYWXEMR [EXIV EKEMR EX WSQI HMW
XERX HEXI
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR
2EVVEXSV
;L] HSIW XLI TVSJIWWSV WE] XLMW
4VSJIWWSV
7S QE]FI 1EVW [EWRtX NYWX E HIEH FSVMRK VSGOhQE]FI MX [EW YL E JEWGMREXMRK JSW WMP XLEX [EW SRGI EPMZI ERH H]REQMGh[SVXL] SJ I\TPSVEXMSR
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX 5YIWXMSR
1EPI 7XYHIRX
- ORS[ XLI TPERIX [EW VIH ERH YL XLI TISTPI [IVI KVIIR -tZI WIIR WSQI SJ XLSWI SPH QSZMIW [LEX [IVI XLI] XLMROMRK# - QIER VIEPP]
2EVVEXSV
;L] HSIW XLI WXYHIRX WE] XLMW
1EPI 7XYHIRX
;LEX [IVI XLI] XLMROMRK#
5YIWXMSRW i
8VEGO 0MWXIRMRK 7GVMTX
2EVVEXSV
0MWXIR XS TEVX SJ E PIGXYVI MR ER %VX ,MWXSV] GPEWW 8LI TVSJIWWSV LEW FIIR XEPOMRK EFSYX GSPSWWEP WXEXYIW
4VSJIWWSV
;ItZI FIIR PSSOMRK EX GSPSWWEP WXEXYIWh[SVOW SJ I\GITXMSREPP] LYKI WM^IhERH XLIMV IWWIRXMEPP] TYFPMG VSPI MR GSQQIQSVEXMRK E TSPMXMGEP SV VIPMKMSYW JMKYVI ;ItZI WIIR LS[ WSQI SJ XLIWI WXEXYIW HEXI FEGO XLSYWERHW SJ ]IEVW PMOI XLI WXEXYIW SJ XLI 4LEVESLW SJ ERGMIRX )K]TXh[LMGL ]SY GER WXMPP ZMWMX XSHE] ERH LS[ SXLIVW XLSYKL WYVZMZMRK SRP] MR PIKIRH LEZI JMVIH XLI MQEKMREXMSR SJ [VMXIVW ERH EVXMWXW VMKLX YT XS SYV S[R XMQI WYGL EW XLI 'SPSWWYW SJ 6LSHIW XLEX JSSX WXEXYI SJ XLI +VIIO KSH ,IPMSW 6IQIQFIV XLMW WEQI [SVH qGSPSWWYWrh[LMGL QIERW E KMERX SV PEVKIV XLER PMJI WM^I WXEXYIhMW [LEX XSHE]tW XIVQ qGSPSWWEPr HIVMZIW JVSQ
2S[ MX [EW SRI XLMRK XS FYMPH WYGL WXEXYIW EX ER IUYEPP] GSPSWWEP GSWX [LIR XLI
JYRHW [IVI FIMRK EPPSGEXIH F] ERGMIRX OMRKW ERH TLEVESLW &YX MJ [ItVI KSMRK XS XLMRO