Syntactical complexes The Complex Subject
Exercise 1 p. 205. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex subject.
1. He was a very gloomy man. Nobody ever saw him smile or look happy. 2. We know Bernard Shaw to have been a very witty man. 3. The father did not allow anybody to touch anything on his desk. 4. People consider the climate there to be very healthful. 5. We heard a car pull up at the curb. 6. Nothing could make him understand the situation. 7. Who do they suspect to have done this? 8. Everybody heard him say that In so many words.
1. It was announced that the Polish dancers were arriving next week. 2. It is expected that the performance will be a success. 3. It is said that this book is popular with both old and young. 4. It is believed that the poem was written by an unknown soldier. 5. It is supposed that the playwright is working at a new comedy. 6. It was understood that the parties had come to an agreement. 7.It is reported that the flood has not caused much damage to the crop. 8. It was supposed that the crop would be rich that year. 9. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver.
1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It proved that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy. 12. It seemed there was nothing to add.
1. It is likely that the article will appear in the next issue of the journal. 2. It is not very likely that he will change his opinion. 3. It was certain that they would come to an understanding. 4. It seemed unlikely that questions of the kind should crop up. 5. We are sure that everything will turn out all right. 6. He has surely noticed it. 7. I am certain this treatment will help you a lot. 8, It is likely there will be much snow this winter.
e) 1. We heard a typewriter clattering in the next room. 2. From the shore one could see dolphins playing in the distance. 3. They kept me waiting at the door for a full five minutes. 4. Through the open window we heard a piano being played. 5. We saw parts of a broken raft carried by the water. 6. They found the door locked and the house deserted. 7. You may call it good luck. 8. The rains made the road impassable. 9. Whom do you consider responsible for it? 10. They promoted him assistant chief of the department. 11. Now we may consider the problem settled. 12. We left the dinner untouched.
Exercise 2 p. 206. Translate into English.
a), b) 1. Как известно, он был прекрасным педагогом и лектором. 2. Говорят, что экспедиция собрала очень интересный материал о природных богатствах этого района. 3. Сообщалось, что в этот район была послана большая группа строителей. 4. Предполагается, что в этом районе будет создан новый город. 5. Полагают, что они уже доехали до места назначения. 6. Никак не ожидали, что холода наступят так рано. 7. Как сообщают, средняя температура мая в этом году была значительно ниже, чем в прошлом. 8. Известно, что черный цвет поглощает световые лучи наиболее интенсивно. 9. Вряд ли его можно заставить сделать что-нибудь, если он этого не захочет. 10. Говорят, что этот токарь работает сейчас над новым рационализаторским предложением. И. Полагают, что это изобретение поможет сэкономить много металла. 12. При переводе текста на экзамене студентам разрешалось пользоваться словарем.
с) 1. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 2. Вы, кажется, устали. Не хотите ли отдохнуть? 3. Он, кажется, начинает сердиться. 4. Он, казалось, не понимал всей серьезности положения. 5. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 6. Вам, кажется, не нравится его предложение? 7. Вы, случайно, не знаете этого человека? 8. Ничто, казалось, не нарушало тишины. 9. Ом, по-видимому, был чем-то обеспокоен. 10. Вы, как будто, меня не слушаете. 11. Нам не раз довелось бывать в этих местах. 12. Я как раз был в городе, когда открывали памятник этому писателю. 13. У нас оказалось много общих знакомых. 14. Мой спутник оказался большим знатоком архитектуры. 15. Книга с самого начала показалась мне интересной. 16. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 17. Найденная кость оказалась бивнем мамонта. 18. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными.
d) 1. Я уверен, вам эта пьеса понравится. 2. Они, конечно, сделают все, что смогут. 3. Он знал, что его обязательно об этом спросят. 4. Двух дней, пожалуй, будет достаточно. 5. Завтра утром телеграмма будет непременно доставлена. 6. Вряд ли он об этом что-либо знает. 7. Он, наверняка, все перепутает. 8. Казалось мало вероятным, чтобы возникли какие-либо затруднения. 9. Это предложение, по всей вероятности, его заинтересует. 10. Надеюсь, вряд ли будут возражения против такой повестки дня.
e) 1. Слышно было, как где-то вдалеке гудит поезд. 2. Каждый день его можно было видеть за работой в саду. 3. Из парка доносились звуки оркестра. Сквозь ограду было видно, как молодежь танцует на площадке. 4. Было слышно, как она что-то напевала, сбегая вниз по лестнице. 5. Его никогда еще не видели таким возбужденным. 6. Многое еще осталось несделанным. 7. Долгое время эту вершину считали недоступной. 8. Было холодно, и огонь в костре поддерживался всю ночь. 9. Медведь был убит наповал. 10. В баке обнаружили течь. 11. Теперь можно считать наше исследование завершенным. 12. Кого избрали председателем комитета? 13. Мальчика назвали Александром в честь деда.
Exercise 5 p. 209. Translate into Russian.
1. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. (V.) 2. You don't seem to have done any great thing to yourself by going away. (Hrd) 3. "Jim!" he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him. (V.) 4. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing. 5. She never was known to have done a good action in behalf of anybody. (Th) 6. What the novelist says of the present is important because he is assumed to be expressing what is most important in the spirit of the time. (Fx) 7. Howard. Can you name somebody who was actually at the library when this as supposed to have happened? (Q and d'U.) 8. "If only someone could state definitely what we're supposed to be fighting for, I would have something to go on," said Bing. (S.H.) 9. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. (W) 10. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. (Sxt) 11. They call the Dutch krautheads or anything else they happen to think of. (Sxt) 12. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get'. (V.) 13. He said he could show me places in the neighbourhood that he didn't think I'd be likely to discover for myself. (M) 14. Would Soames be sure to tell him about this if he didn't ask him? (Gls.) 15. A score of young heads were seen peering out of the narrow windows. (Th) 16. From the very first mention of Long John, I had taken a fear in my mjnd that he might prove to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. (Stv) 17. One morning farm labourers on their way to work had come upon a twisted heap lying in the open. It h5d turned out to be Sam. (Ab)
The Complex Object
Exercise 1 p. 209. Answer the following questions.
1. Would you like me to read or to retell the story? 2. When do you expect the translation to be finished? 3. Do you want the article to be translated for to-morrow or right now? 4. I have two recordings of the song. Would you like to hear this or that choir sing? 5. Whom do you think (consider, believe) to be the most outstanding actor (composer, artist, producer)? 6. How did you let them know of it? 7. Why did you make him re-do it? 8. Which direction did you notice them go? 9. When did you order dinner to be served? 10. Do you want him to put up at the hotel or will you have him stay with us? 11. Why don't you get the children to go to bed? It's pretty late. 12. Do you want to see us do it or do you want us to watch you do it first?
Exercise 2 p. 210. Paraphrase the following using a complex object with an infinitive.
1. Out of the tail of my eye I saw that he clutched at the edge of the table. 2. I felt that somebody touched me lightly on the shoulder. 3. He heard that someone called his name. 4. We did not expect that he would return so soon. 5. The passenger ordered that his luggage should be labelled for Prague. 6. I could hardly believe that it had happened. 7. I saw that the telegraph boy handed the cable to the man. 8. He thought that he was fit for the job. 9. They heard how the woman uttered a little exclamation. 10. What I want is that you both should be happy. 11. He hated it when people argued about trifles. 12. I should like to see how he would say it to my face.
Exercise 3 p. 210. Construct a complex object with an infinitive out of the elements given in brackets.
1. Your enthusiasm makes (I, to feel) young again. 2. I did not mean (he, to follow) the instructions so blindly. 3. We don't think the producer intended (the scene, to play) like that. 4. I know (the man, to be a star boxer) in his younger days. 5. She heard (the footsteps, to die away). 6. The doctor ordered (the ward, to air). 7. He gave (I, to understand) that he did not want (the story, to let on). 8. They must be thankful for your advice. I believe (it, to do) them a lot of good. 9. He had a desire to let (life, to go on) as though nothing had changed. 10. I will not allow (myself, to tempt) into telling anybody of my intentions. 11. We considered (it, to be wrong); they couldn't make (we, to do) it. 12. I won't have (anybody, to think) ill of her. 13. It was difficult for me to get (he, to believe) me. 14. Mother used to watch (we, to play) tennis; I wonder now whom she backed. 15. I have often known (medicine, to work) wonders. 16. People who knew her felt (she, to be) a woman of strong will. 17. Each of us told a story and that made (the time, to pass). 18. I had got (they, to take) me to town in their car. 19. I would have (you, to try) to get (he, to replace) me.
Exercise 4 p. 211. Translate what is given in brackets using a complex object with an infinitive.
1. His remark made (всех чувствовать себя неловко). 2. We never had (чтобы с нами случилось что-либо подобное). 3. Let us try to get (чтобы он присоединился к нашей компании), 4. In this way she caused (чтобы ее уважали). 5. The new arrival ordered (чтобы его вещи принесли) to his room. 6. They warned (чтобы я не брался за это) before I was sure I could do it.7. They asked (чтобы он разрешил выставить свою картину). 8. We considered (что план был вполне осуществим). 9. She could not force (чтобы не думать об этом). 10. How could you let (чтобы тебя так провели). 11. Do I understand (что вы мне это предлагаете)? 12. The garden was so enclosed and carpeted with flowers that one could hardly believe (что он находится) in the middle of a big city. 13. I only want (чтобы это было сделано) and as soon as possible. 14. He liked {чтобы все содержалось) in perfect order. 15. Now everything was changed without his having noticed (как произошла перемена).
Exercise 5 p. 211 Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object with an infinitive after the verbs given in brackets.
1. Somebody mentioned my name, (to hear). 2. You may be sure she won't let you down, (to rely on, to count on, to depend on). 3. With the introduction of this device the productivity of labour will considerably increase, (to enable). 4. At the thought of it I felt sad. (to cause). 5. It is very pleasant when everybody likes you. {to have). 6. When I waited in the reception room a girl came out with a file in her hands, {to see). She must have been the secretary, (to understand). 7. He shall return. They will take care of it. (to get). 8. It seemed to me that he knew more than he had said, (to suppose, to suspect). 9. Something hard struck my leg. (to feel). 10. He was taken in without being aware of it. (to let, to allow). 11. We hope that steps will be taken in this direction, (to expect). 12. A wind was rising. The windows rattled, (to make). 13. "What have I done? Why should it have happened to me?" she thought. (to have).
Exercise 6 p. 211. Translate into English making use of the verbs in brackets.
1. Я считаю, что это был благородный поступок с его стороны. (to consider, to think). 2. Я не позволю говорить такие вещи в моем присутствии, (to have, to stand, to let, to allow). 3. Я хочу, чтобы мы все были друзьями, (to want, to wish). 4. Мы много раз слышали, как он рассказывал эту историю, (to hear). 5. Она никак не могла решиться спросить его об этом, (to bring). 6. Поручите вашему секретарю сделать копию этого документа, (to have). 7. Археологи предполагают, что эти предметы использовались только как украшения, (to suppose, to believe). 8.Можем ли мы рассчитывать на то, что вы нас поддержите? (to count on, to rely on, to depend on). 9. Никто, кроме нее, не заметил, как выражение его лица неожиданно изменилось, (to see, to notice), 10. Правильно ли я понял, что вы придерживаетесь того же мнения? (to understand). 11. Поговорите с ним; постарайтесь, чтобы он отказался от своего намерения (to get). 12. Я не помню, чтобы он когда-либо принял поспешное решение (to know). 13. Почему вы так думаете (to make)? 14. Летом к ним приезжает много друзей (to have). 15. Он почувствовал, как кровь бросилась ему в лицо (to feel). 16. Он очень хороший организатор: у него все распоряжения выполняются очень аккуратно (to cause).
Exercise 7 p. 212. Open the brackets and use an infinitive or Participle I as the second element of the complex object.
I. Seeing Bosinney (to turn) to June, Soames smiled too, but sardonically. 2. Before be turned the corner he glanced back and, saw Bosinney (to follow) him slowly. 3. I saw the plate (to slip) from her hands and (to fall) to the floor. 4. The train started, and when William looked up he saw the little station (to slip) away. 5. They stood on the platform waving their hands and watched the train (to disappear) in the distance. 6. They watched the train {to disappear) and turned to leave the platform. 7. Torp lit the gas, and Dick heard the flame (to catch). 8. They could hear the, child (to breathe) quietly, asleep. 9. I felt a hand (to introduce) itself under my arm. 10. He felt somebody (to take hold) of his arm. 11. I have never seen you (to look) so well. 12. In the long silence that followed, Soames felt his mother (to press) his hand. 13. I noticed him (to give) me a look of sharpened interest. 14. We noticed it (to come) for a long time. 15. I came home from school and found them (to have) tea together. 16. They found the plant (to contain) a high percentage of sugar. 17. The recollection set him (to think). 18. A heavy blow sent him (to stagger). 19. We found it hard to keep the conversation {to go). 20. She saw him (to stop) and (to take) something out of his breast pocket. 21. He watched the people (to laugh, to talk and to move) in front of him. 22. I saw you (to sit) with your head in your hands and that's why I. spoke. 23. From far away they suddenly heard a dog {to bark). 24. I felt a weight (to slip) off. my heart. 25. Lord Henry felt as if he could hear Basil Hallward's heart (to beat). 26. Through the open door I could smell the coffee (to boil). 27. As he walked along, he found himself (to hum)"1a little. 28. I watched him (to read) his letters, saw him (to frown) at one, (to smile) at another, (to dismiss) the next with no expression.
Exercise 8 p 213. Translate into English using a complex object with an infinitive or Participle I where possible.
1. Девушка улыбнулась; я увидел, как сверкнули ее белоснежные зубы. 2. Когда мы вышли рано утром, мы увидели, что трава, кусты и деревья, покрытые росой, сверкали в лучах восходящего солнца. 3. Когда он подошел к морю, он увидел, как два рыбака стояли на берегу и складывали сети. 4. Я заметил, как девушка подняла глаза и снова их опустила. 5. Родители наблюдали, как их дети плавали, ныряли, играли в воде. 6. Я вижу, вы меня понимаете и не сердитесь на меня. 7. Надеюсь, я не заставил вас долго ждать? 8. Вы когда-нибудь видели, чтобы такое случалось? 9. Дверь комнаты была открыта, и мне было видно, как две молодые женщины оживленно разговаривали о чем-то за чашкой чая. 10. Я слыхал, что они переехали в другой город. 11. Войдя в комнату, я увидел, что отец разговаривает с каким-то человеком, которого я никогда прежде не видел. 12. Он слышал, как она вздохнула при упоминании имени ее сына. 13. Он слышал, как она вздыхала во сне. 14. Она была так занята своими мыслями, что не заметила ни как я вошел, ни как вышел. 15. Вы когда-нибудь слышали, как он исполняет эту вещь? 16. Я слышал, что он очень хорошо исполняет эту вещь. 17. Они вышли на палубу и долго стояли там, наблюдая, как вода бурлила и пенилась за кормой. 18. В читальном зале была полная тишина, было только слышно, как шуршали переворачиваемые страницы. 19. Вы, я думаю, много читали по этому вопросу. 20. При виде родного города я почувствовала, как у меня радостно вздрогнуло сердце. 21. Я почувствовал, как силы возвращаются ко мне. 22. Я слышал, как он спросил соседа, не может ли он воспользоваться его телефоном. 23. Мы слышали, что они давно работают в этой области и сейчас проводят интересные эксперименты. 24. Шутки конферансье то и дело вызывали смех зала.
Exercise 11 p. 214. Answer the following questions.
1. What plays have you seen produced by this theatre? 2. How many times did you hear the symphony performed? 3. How do you want your letter (to be) sent, by ordinary post or by airmail? 4. Where did you order the purchases (to be) delivered? 5. Where do you have your dresses made? 6. When do you want to have dinner served? 7. Where can I get my shoes mended? 8. When would you like your luggage (to be) brought downstairs? 9. Why doesn't he allow a garage to be constructed in the backyard? 10. How did it happen that he let himself be led into the trouble?
Exercise 12 p. 214 Translate into English.
1. Пиджак мне нравится, но мне хотелось бы укоротить рукава. 2. Вы возьмете покупки с собой, или вы хотите, чтобы вам их доставили? 3. Я нашел, что он сильно изменился. 4. Мы уже два года не меняли обои в своей комнате. 5. Мальчики наблюдали, как разгружали пароход, и завидовали матросам. 6. Директор велел напечатать документ в трех экземплярах. 7. Я думаю, что мы закончим работу раньше срока. 8. У него не хватало опыта, и это давало себя знать. 9. Нам регулярно присылают журналы по этим вопросам. 10. Все слышали, как сигнал повторился. 11. Его жена — очень экономная хозяйка, она ничему не даст пропасть даром. 12. Я не хочу, чтобы об этом так часто упоминали. 13. Вы все уладили? 14. У меня есть еще несколько вопросов, на которые я хотел бы получить ответ. 15. Он добился, чтобы его туда послали. 16. Главный инженер распорядился установить эти станки в новом цехе. 17. Я не позволю менять установленного порядка. 18. Он невольно обернулся, услышав, как произнесли его имя. 19. Я увидел, что мистер Уикфилд был на несколько лет старше, чем когда с него писали этот портрет. 20. Бэзил твердо решил, что никогда не позволит выставлять портрет Дориана. 21. Это все, что у него осталось.
Exercise 13 p. 215. Translate into Russian.
1. Н i g g i n s. You find me cold, unfeeling, selfish, don't you? (Sh} 2. Soames saw his house unfinished, his wife rebellious, himself a laughing-stock. (Gls.) 3. What he (Gls) had done names him the master realist of English drama. (Q) 4. There a strong breeze found him, blew his cap off and left him bareheaded in the doorway. (K) 5. So far as I can, I will make things easy. (Arl) 6. They wouldn't have me captain of the team. (Gls.) 7. Maisie did not consider the last question worth answering. (K) 8. I must ask you to keep it a dead secret. (Sh) 9. Her tone rendered James furious. (Gls.) 10. She had never known him so irritable. (M) 11. She felt the palm of his hand wet when she cordially grasped it. (M) 12. He had shown himself quite publicly to be a coward. (Hm) 13. He proved himself to be pathetically ignorant of the fact. (Bt) 14. The thought sent him cold with panic. (C) 15. That sets us both equal. (Hlt) 16. I call it success. (K) 17. Life is a greater riddle than some of us think it to be. (Gls.)
Exercise 14 p. 215. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object with the second element expressed by a nominal part of speech (with or without a linking infinitive).
1. We thought that we were lucky. 2. She considered that the question was not worth answering. 3. I felt that the pain was unbearable, maddening. 4. He found that his throat was dry and parched. 5. We all know that he is very punctual. 6. Further experiments proved that the assumption was wrong. 7. The chemist looked at the liquid in the tube and announced that the result was excellent. 8. He imagined that he was a great authority on etiquette. 9. I supposed that it was my brother's doing. 10. We never suspected that he was capable of such an action. 11, Seeing that he was asleep, the mother quietly left the room. 12. What I want is that everything should be ready in an hour. 13. The doctor's pronouncement was that the death was an accident. 14. He showed that he was worthy of our trust. 15. They thought that it was a coincidence. 16. They believed that it was a good day's work. 17. I felt that it was true. 18. Father likes it -when his tea is strong. 19. We know that he used to be a good shot. 20. I scanned the bookshelves and found that the dictionary was missing.
Exercise 15 p. 216. Insert the second element of the complex object choosing a suitable word from the following ones:
at rest, dear, very weak, short, shut, impossible, an eager listener, clear, handy, blind
1. Let us make the interview ... . 2. Have you got my meaning ...? 3. He had undergone an operation which had left him .... 4. You should keep all the reference books .... 5. Set your mind ....6. The sudden change of weather rendered our observations .... 7. His curiosity made him ... to those with wider experience than himself. 8. These words mean to me everything that I hold ... .9. The dazzling light struck us .... 10. She snapped the handbag ....
Exercise 16 p. 216. Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb from the following ones:
to make, to leave, to hold, to drive, to render, to tear, to get, to strike
1. She ... the envelope open. 2. He tried ... himself agreeable, 3. How long will you ... it an open question? 4. Listening to him boast ... me fed up. 5. The painter was busy ... his brushes ready. 6. The actor ... the audience spellbound. 7. The news ... us dumb. 8. It was enough ... a man crazy. 9. The pathos of the story ... me indifferent. 10. The cinerama gives you every effect of three-dimensional space, and the stereophonic sound ... the illusion perfect.
Exercise 17 p. 216. Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb and an appropriate word for the second element of the complex object.
Verbs: to make, to set, to burst, to let, to keep, to put, to leave, to render, to wear, to strike
2nd elements: loose, an object of constant ridicule, right, motionless, open, on fire, quite clear, thin, a good companion, straight, busy, impracticable, master of the situation
1. His humour and joviality ... him .... 2. I have enough work ... me ... all day. 3. He ... his idea .... 4. The wind ... the door .... 5. His rival's defeat f.. him , .. . 6. The lightning ... the house ... .7. Lack of time ... our plan ...8. The constant strain ... her nerves ... 9. His absentmindedness … him … . 10. The sight of it ... us ... . 11. On spotting the fox the hunters ... the dogs ... .12. Time will ... things ....
Exercise 18 p. 217. Translate into English. Make use of the following words:
to make, to render, to leave, to set.-to-put. to keep, to hold, to strike, to throw; angry, comfortable, late, doubtful, right, awake, responsible, speechless, open, free
1. Она подошла к окну и распахнула его. 2. Почему вы задержались? 3. Зубная боль не давала мне спать всю ночь. 4. Мы будем вас считать ответственным за это. 5. Ее замечание рассердило меня. 6. Он поправил шляпу. 7. Его слова заронили во мне сомнение. 8. Красота пейзажа так поразила нас, что мы не могли выговорить ни слова. 9. Устраивайтесь поудобнее. 10. Дети выпустили птичку на волю.
Exercise 19 p. 217. Analyse the structure of the complex object with the introductory it. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. I would be very grateful if you could make it convenient to call again. (Gls.) 2. 1 consider it a personal favour that you have accepted my apologies. (M) 3. She had suffered such torture as she had never thought it possible to endure. (M) 4. They felt it unreasonable of Ann to have left them like this without a word. (Gls.) 5. It would make it much easier for you to find the man if you knew his age. 6. She found it absurd that any one should allow a trifle like that to upset him. (M) 7. I call it good luck to have you my friend. 8. We have it in our power to make Nature serve man.
Exercise 20 p. 217. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex object.
1. I felt that it was my duty to be with them at that difficult moment. 2. He was aware of the danger but he believed that it was necessary to take the risk. 3. I see you think that it is useless to wait any longer. 4. I am quite well now, and I find that it is unnecessary to be looked after any longer. 5. We don't think that it is worth while explaining the reason. 6. I find it is very dull when people start talking shop. 7. I felt that it was necessary to unburden my thoughts in a friendly talk. 8. Then she thought that it was time to go. 9. The party found that it was impossible to climb the mountain from the side overlooking the sea. 10. I consider it was a mistake that you did not accept the offer.
Exercise 21 p. 217. Complete the following.
1. I think it very important ... . 2. We would like it to be understood ... .3. They made it clear ... . 4. We think it worth while ... . 5. The guide-book made it easier ... . 6. They considered it absolutely necessary ... ,7. I don't want it (to be) mentioned ... . 8. He felt it his duty .... 9. 1 call it fortunate ... . 10. We think it better ... . 11. Students find it very useful .... 12. I made it a rule ... . 13. We have it in our power .... 14. I will not allow it to be said ... . 15. He made it his business ... . 16. The heavy rains made it impossible ... . 17. We had it arranged .... 18. He thought it quite an adventure ....
Exercise 22 p. 218. Translate the following into English using a complex with an introductory it.
1. Выздоравливающий взял себе за правило каждое утро ходить без костылей по коридору. 2. Я нахожу, что очень трудно переводить с листа без соответствующей подготовки. 3. Как по-вашему, сможете вы сегодня отправиться? 4. Мне было трудно понять, почему они не ответили. 5. Из-за шума моторов невозможно было разговаривать. 6. Он считал неудобным напомнить ей об этом. 7. Руководитель кружка прекратил дискуссию, так как считал бесполезным продолжать ее.-8. Не находите ли вы несколько странным, что он так резко выступил против вашего предложения? 9. Я думаю, пора начинать. 10, Я считаю своим долгом напомнить вам об этом. 11. Считаете ли вы возможным включить этот вопрос в повестку дня? 12. Я бы счел большой честью для себя быть членом этой комиссии. 13. Густой туман помешал самолету вылететь вовремя. 14. Из-за сильного шторма пароход не мог подойти к берегу. 15. Мне было трудно отказать ему в его просьбе.
The For-Complex
Exercise 1 p. 218. Use for-phrases instead of the subordinate clauses and state their function.
1. It is quite natural that he should act like that. 2. It's impossible that he should have so let us down. 3. The main thing is that we all of us should work in close cooperation. 4. Let us wait till a definite answer arrives. 5. Why be so anxious that he should go? 6. This is a lesson which you shall remember for the rest of your life. 7. He is just the man whom you should have consulted. 8. I shall leave the magazine that you may read it. 9. He closed the window lest the papers be scattered by the wind.10. The ice has become too thin, so the boys can't go skating. 11. The young actor must be very talented since the producer has given him a leading part to play. 12. That a man of his age should be so active and full of vitality is something extraordinary.
Exercise 2 p. 219. Construct for-phrases using the words in brackets in the appropriate form.
1. The simplest thing is for (he. to come and see) everything for himself. 2. The runners listened for (the signal, to give). 3. Don't you find it odd for (she, to keep) it secret so long? 4. He asked for (a catalogue, to send) him. 5. The captain gave orders for (the flag, to hoist). 6. The people gave way for (we, to pass). 7. I always thought my friend an excellent example for (everybody, to follow). 8. It is rather strange for (they, to leave) without letting us know. 9. That is for (I, to judge), isn't it?
Exercise 3 p. 219. Translate what is given in brackets into English using for-phrases.
1. What I want is (чтобы вы меня ясно поняли), 2. Не asked (чтобы его друзей приняли в клуб). 3. There is no need (нам здесь задерживаться). 4. The boy has a very musical .ear; you have only to play a melody once (и он сможет тут же-повторить ее) from memory. 5. It was so dark in the room that I had to wait a space (пока мои глаза привыкнут к темноте). 6. Send a wire (чтобы нас кто-нибудь встретил). 7. Не waited at the receiver (когда ему дадут нужный номер). 8. И is impossible (чтобы он вам не поверил) even after you had shown him the letter.
Exercise 6 p. 220. Translate into Russian.
1. It was difficult for Soames to pay a compliment. (Gls.) 2. "I dislike Soames," Jolyon thought. "And that's lucky; it'll make it easier for me to back his wife." (Gls.) 3. The Gadfly laid down the letter and sat looking at Gemma with half-shut eyes, waiting, apparently, for her to speak. (V.) 4. The best thing, I presume, before you try to do anything around here is for you to get settled somewhere. (Dr) 5. He (Lanny} must be very good and clever and wise for them to offer him a job like that. (Ab) 6. When the young are together it is wise for an old man to be with other old men or to be away — it is an old saying. (Ab) 7. I remember a carter, evidently returning home after the day's work, stopping his cart before us for his little boy to climb in. (Lnd) 8. It seemed impossible for either of us to remain much longer in the house. (Stv) 9. The book is very good for a young writer to have written it. (Gls.) 10. He was a very nice fellow. You had only to say you wanted something for him to give it to you. (Jr)
Complexes with the Gerund (or the Half-Gerund)
Exercise 1 p. 221. Find syntactical complexes in the following sentences and state whether the second element is expressed by a gerund or half-gerund.
Sir Robert. But it is worth while my wiring to Vienna, is it not? (Wld) 2. Arthur laughed softly to himself at the thought of the Burtons searching for his corpse. (V.) 3. What can be the possible use of Larry's learning dead languages? I hate the idea of Larry making such a mess of his life. (M) 4. M a b 1 e. Of course, you understand that after your breaking your appointment I am never going to speak to you again. (Wld) 5. "Well, Ellen, I'm so afraid of you being angry," she said. (Ch.B) 6. How unfortunate that his (Clyde's) lack of training would not permit his being put to office work or something like that upstairs. {Dr) 7. Steerforth, very much amused at my having been, put into room forty-four, laughed again .... (CD) 8. "I was sorry for Jolyon losing his boy. It might have been Val," said Winifred. (Gls.) 9. He was conscious of extreme quietude, broken by a clock chiming four as if with the voice of Time itself. (Gls.) 10. (Eliza takes off her jewels) Will you take these to your room and keep them safe? I don't want to run the risk of their being missing. (Sh) 11. Yes! There she was! Only about a hundred yards away from the car, and trying to approach without his seeing her. (Ab) 12. "I don't believe Gil likes the idea of any other fellow in Lycurgus having the same name and looking like him," suggested Bella. (Dr)
Exercise 2 p. 221. Change the construction of the following sentences so as to use complexes with a gerund or half-gerund.
1. Don't forget to remind them that they have to come a bit earlier. 2. That he had been away for so many years made him feel quite a stranger in that big city. 3. I couldn't bear the idea that anybody should interfere with what I thought to be my personal affair. 4. We were all surprised that the project had not yet been put into practice. 5. The writer confessed that he had never dreamt his book would be so successful with the general reader. 6. Will you have anything against it if Alec brings a friend of his to the party? 7. Did he say anything of the kind? I don't remember. 8. Mother will be terribly disappointed if Harry doesn't get the job. 9. It suddenly occurred to Rita that she must be going; her parents might be worried if she stayed out later than usual. 10. My whole future depended on whether I should not lose possession of myself at that moment. 11. His friends considered him very practical though he was so young.
Exercise 3 p. 222. Replace the gerund by a complex with a gerund or half-gerund.
Model: You are responsible for doing this work in time. You are responsible for this work being done in time.
1. They objected to applying this method into practice. 2. The director of the library insisted on binding the books before they were given out to the readers. 3. We don't mind mentioning the fact. 4. She was quite unaware of being watched by the people. 5. He never confessed to having sent the letter. 6. Father hated being contradicted by any one of us. 7. She never referred to having been assisted by anybody. 8. When a small boy, he liked being taken out hunting by his father. 9. During an airraid some prisoners of war managed to escape without being noticed by the guards. 10. She was distressed at having spoilt all the fun by one silly remark.
Exercise 4 p. 222. Construct complexes with a gerund or a half-gerund out of the elements given in brackets. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1. We were surprised ... (he, to take) the whole affair into his own hands. 2. There is a committee meeting there tomorrow. I count ... (Mr. Dunne, to come). ... (he, to be) there will carry more weight. 3. If it were not ... (Rivera, to render) financial aid to the Junta, it might have failed to organize the uprising. 4. Emily was confused ... (we all, to observe) her, and hung down her head. 5. Ratterer's idea ... (Clyde, to go) to his uncle Samuel not only pleased but also annoyed him. 6. It is not worth while ... (you, to worry). 7. I understand perfectly ... (the girl, not to want) to leave. 8. I heard ... (the committee, to turn down) the proposal. 9. The functioning of the mechanism depends ... (it, to handle) properly. 10. I won't stand ... (anybody, to talk) to Mother like that. 11. David was in constant fear ... (his stepfather, to punish) him for something. 12. You must forgive ...(the bоу, to be so curious). 13. She won't believe ... (I, to interest) you in the matter.
Exercise 5 p. 223. Translate into English.
1. Мать Ленни гордилась тем, что ее сын был образованным человеком. 2. Долгое время Герт был против того, чтобы Сэри •виделась со старой Тант. 3. Ленни не возражал против того, чтобы Мейбл уехала, так как он понял, что это был для нее единственный выход. 4. Сама мысль о том, что Ленни собирается открыть школу в Стилвелде, раздражала Герта. 5. Фиета была уверена, что Ленни тайком встречается с Сэри, и боялась, за них. 6. Все эти годы она жила надеждой, что ее сын скоро вернется. 7. Возвращение сына совершенно изменило жизнь в доме. "8. Нас больше всего удивило, что ребенок так хорошо помнил все эти события. 9. Не могу понять, почему они не переписываются. Я хорошо помню, что они расстались друзьями. 10. После того как он нарушил свое обещание, мы не можем ему больше доверять. 11. Вполне естественно, что его так резко критиковали. 12. Профессор предложил нам взять новую тему для исследования. 13. Мы не смогли с ним спокойно поговорить: не проходило и пяти минут, чтобы его не вызывали к телефону. 14. Мы не заметили, чтобы за наше отсутствие произошли какие-либо изменения. 15. Все знали, что он очень добрый человек, несмотря на то, что он выглядел суровым.
Exercise 6 p. 223. Insert a pronoun where necessary.
1. I am against ... being sent there alone is not experienced enough. 2. His strong capable hands showed no signs of ... being used, for hard manual work. 3. She forgot ... promising to call and kept them waiting. 4. She forgot ... promising to call and didn't wait for them. 5. He thought of how he could explain to his family ... being delayed so long. 6. He was proud of her and her fame and proud of ... being seen with her. 7. They blamed him for ... missing such an opportunity. 8. I don't remember ... mentioning that they had moved to another flat. 9. He never spoke of ... being reprimanded for it. 10. Excuse ... calling you at their hour. 11. Excuse me for ... calling you at this hour. 12. I object to ... interfering in the conflict. 13. I object to ... interfering in my work. 14. We could not prevent ... happening. 15. Nothing could prevent them from ... gossiping. 16. They were very keen on ... winning the bet.
Exercise 7 p. 223. Translate what is given in brackets using a complex with gerund or a half-gerund where necessary.
1. I don't remember а) (чтобы он сказал); b) (чтобы я сказал) anything of the kind. 2. She suggested а) (связаться с ним); b) (чтобы мы связались с ними). 3. What annoyed us most was (то, что им отказали в визах); b) (то, что нам отказали в визах). 4. I count on а) (что скоро вас увижу);b) (что мы скоро с вами встретимся). 5. (То, что его назначили) to a post of such importance a) was received with satisfaction; b) encouraged him. 6. She brought her apologies for а) (что причинила им так много беспокойства); b) (что ее ребенок причинил им так много беспокойства). 7. Не was conscious of а) (что его ввели в заблуждение); b) (что он ввел их в заблуждение); с) (что эти слова ввели их в заблуждение); d) (что они ввели его в заблуждение). 8. The new assistant is unable to prepare everything for the experiment а) (если его не проинструктируют); Ь) (если вы его не проинструктируете). 9. а) (Несмотря на то, что им было очень холодно); Ь) (Несмотря на то, что было очень холодно), they would not stop their observations. 10. We are greatly thankful to them for а) (что нам была предоставлена); b) (что мы имели); с) (что они предоставили нам) such ample opportunity. 11. They could not Forgive me а) (что потеряли из-за меня столько времени); b) (что я зря потерял столько времени).
Exercise 8 p. 224. Translate into English.
1. Можем ли мы рассчитывать на то, что вы пришлете эти сведения вовремя? 2. Мы рассчитываем, что получим эти сведения вовремя. 3. Они, должно быть, рассчитывали, что им пришлют эти сведения вовремя. 4, Вам не следует рассчитывать на то, что нам пришлют все эти сведения, вовремя. 5. Трудно раcсчитывать на то, что эти сведения будут присланы вовремя. 6. Он настаивал на том, чтобы его туда послали. 7. Он настаивал на том, чтобы нас туда послали, 8. Он настаивал на том, чтобы мы его туда послали. 9. Он настаивал на том, чтобы послать туда кого-нибудь. 10. Не могу себе представить, чтобы; вам отказали. 11. Он боялся, что вы ему откажете. 1-2. Она не привыкла, чтобы ей в чем-либо отказывали. 13. Не стоит повторять все сначала. 14. Я думаю, нам не стоит повторять все сначала. 15. Больной не соглашался, чтобы его оперировали. 16. Родители согласились, чтобы ребенка оперировали.
The Nominative Absolute Construction
Exercise 1 p. 225. Find nominative absolute constructions, state their function and analyse what their elements are expressed by.
1. Then, the house search proving that she (Esta) was not there, Asa had gone outside to look up and down the street. (Dr) 2. This search revealing nothing, Clyde and he (Asa) had walked to a corner, then along Missouri Avenue. No Esta. (Dr) 3. She was standing on the rock ready to dive with the green water below inviting her. (DuM) 4. The wind being favourable, our yacht will reach the island in no time- 5. He lifted the lid and kept it in his hand till she drank, both standing. 6. I had long tasks every day to do with Mr. Mell; but I did them, there being no Mr. and Miss Murdstone here; and got through them without disgrace. (CD) 7. It being now pretty late, we took our candles and went upstairs. (CD) 8. He being no more heard of, it was natural to forget everything. (Wd) 9. She stood mute, her lips pressed together. 10. Jupiter, at a signal from his master, began to gather -up his tools. This done and the dog having been unfastened, we1 turned in profound silence toward home. (P) 11, The visit over, they would set fourth home, walking very slowly in the high narrow streets. (Gls.) 12. Pale-lipped, his heart pounding in his side, Andrew followed the secretary back into the committee room. (Crn 13. I sit at my desk, pen in hand, and trace figures. (Wd) 14. Then the bird fluttered away, running, trailing the broken wing, with him in pursuit. 15. Jack Muskhum sat silent, his long face impassive and his long legs stretched out. (Gls.)
Exercise 2 p.226. Replace the parts given in bold type by the nominative absolute construction.
1. As the front door was open, she could see straight through the house. 2. Rip had no desire to work on his farm, for it was to his mind the worst piece of land in the neighbourhood. 3. They stood there; the night wind was shaking the drying whispering-leaves. 4. The mines in Blaenelly were dusty and unhealthy, and many miners were suffering from consumption. 5. As the situation was urgent, we had to go ahead. 6. When the greetings were over, Old Jolyon seated himself in a wicker chair. 7. The town of Crewe is known to be one of the most busy junctions in England; many railway lines pass through it. 8. We set off; the rain was still coming down heavily. 9. After a private sitting-room had been engaged, bedrooms inspected and dinner ordered, the party walked out to view the city. 10. Dinner was served on the terrace, as it was very close in the room. 11. Thoughtful, almost subdued, Andrew finished his omelette, his eyes were all the time fixed upon the microscope. 12. There was in fact nothing to wait for, and we got down to work. 13. The question was rather difficult to answer at once, and I asked for permission to think it over. 14. He stood leaning against the wall, his arms were folded. 15. There was very little time left; we had to hurry. 16. Of an evening he read aloud, his small son sat by his side. 17. The stranger entered the room, a man who hardly had a hair on his head, he held his hat in his hand and an affable smile played on his lips. 18. The new engines were safely delivered, all of them were in good order. 19. Our efforts to start the car had failed, we spent the night at a nearby village. 20. Now that two of my books are lost I am not going to let anyone take books from my library.
Exercise 3 p. 226. Make up sentences using the following phrases as nominative absolute constructions.
there being no time to lose; the concert over; it being late; hands in pockets; his collar unbuttoned; with his eyes wide open; such being the case; his tone full of admiration; our car being damaged; banners flying; people singing and dancing; with all the windows lit; a cup of tea before him untouched; her gaze fixed on the pianist's hands
Exercise 4 p. 226. Translate what is given in brackets with the help of nominative absolute constructions.
1. (Так как не было никаких возражений) the plan was adopted. 2. (Поскольку дело обстоит так) we have nothing to wait for. 3. Long she sat half-dressed (сжав руки и опустив голову). 4. Blank silence followed (никто не произнес ни слова). 5. (День был солнечный) a pair of glass doors leading to the garden were thrown open. 6. He fell asleep (окно осталось открытым). 7. (Так как не было луны) it was pitch dark in the forest. 8. (Было уже холодно) the summer residents began to leave their country houses. 9. (Когда гости разъехались) the house became solitary again. 10. He rushed into the room (шапка в руках, пальто нараспашку). 11. An epidemic of enteric burst out in Blaenelly (так как канализация в городе была не в порядке). 12. (Многие рабочие в Аберло страдали от туберкулеза легких) Andrew decided to do research work to find causes of the disease. 13. (He было никакого смысла все объяснять ему) I made up my mind to act on my own. 14. He sat lost in thought (перед ним стоял нетронутый обед).