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BASCOM AVR, help reference (2007).PDF

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© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Next
Locate 2 , 1	'set cursor
position	'display this
Lcd "*"	'display this
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Shiftcursor Right	'shift the cursor
Lcd "@"	'display this
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Home Upper	'select line 1 and
return home	'replace the text
Lcd "Replaced."	'replace the text
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Cursor Off Noblink	'hide cursor
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Cursor On Blink	'show cursor
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Display Off	'turn display off
Wait 1	'wait a moment
Display On	'turn display on
'-----------------NEW support for 4-line LCD------
Thirdline
Lcd "Line 3"
Fourthline
Lcd "Line 4"	'goto home on line
Home Third	'goto home on line
three
Home Fourth	'first letteer
Home F	'first letteer
also works
Locate 4 , 1 : Lcd "Line 4"
Wait 1
'Now lets build a special character
'the first number is the characternumber (0-7)
'The other numbers are the rowvalues
'Use the LCD tool to insert this line
Deflcdchar 1 , 225 , 227 , 226 , 226 , 226 , 242 , 234 , 228		' replace ?
with number (0-7)		' replace ?
Deflcdchar 0 , 240 , 224 , 224 , 255 , 254 , 252 , 248 , 240		' replace ?
with number (0-7)	'select data RAM
Cls	'select data RAM

Rem it is important that a CLS is following the deflcdchar statements because

it will set the controller back in datamode	'print the special
Lcd Chr(0) ; Chr(1)	'print the special
character
'----------------- Now use an internal routine ------------	'value into ACC
_temp1 = 1	'value into ACC
!rCall _write_lcd	'put it on LCD
End

CLOCKDIVISION

Action

Will set the system clock division available in the MEGA chips.

page -304-

Syntax

CLOCKDIVISON = var

Remarks

Var	Variable or numeric constant that sets the clock division. Valid values
	are from 2-129.
	A value of 0 will disable the division.

On the MEGA 103 and 603 the system clock frequency can be divided so you can save power for instance. A value of 0 will disable the clock divider. The divider can divide from2 to 127. So the other valid values are from 2 - 127.

Some routines that rely on the system clock will not work proper anymore when you use the divider. WAITMS for example will take twice the time when you use a value of 2.

CLOSE

Action

Closes an opened device.

Syntax

OPEN "device" for MODE As #channel

CLOSE #channel

Remarks

Device	The default device is COM1 and you don't need to open a channel to use
	page -305-

	INPUT/OUTPUT on this device.
	With the implementation of the software UART, the compiler must know to
	which pin/device you will send/receive the data.
	So that is why the OPEN statement must be used. It tells the compiler about
	the pin you use for the serial input or output and the baud rate you want to
	use.
	COMB.0:9600,8,N,2 will use PORT B.0 at 9600 baud with 2 stop bits.
	The format for COM1 is : COM1:
	Some chips have 2 UARTS. You can use COM2: to open the second HW
	UART.
	The format for the software UART is: COMpin:speed,8,N,stop
	bits[,INVERTED]
	Where pin is the name of the PORT-pin.
	Speed must be specified and stop bits can be 1 or 2.
	An optional parameter ,INVERTED can be specified to use inverted RS-232.
	Open "COMD.1:9600,8,N,1,INVERTED" For Output As #1 , will use pin
	PORTD.1 for output with 9600 baud, 1 stop bit and with inverted RS-232.
MODE	You can use BINARY or RANDOM for COM1 and COM2, but for the software
	UART pins, you must specify INPUT or OUTPUT.
Channel	The number of the channel to open. Must be a positive constant >0.

The statements that support the device are PRINT , INPUT and INPUTHEX , INKEY, WAITKEY.

Every opened device must be closed using the CLOSE #channel statement. Of course, you must use the same channel number.

The best place for the CLOSE statement is at the end of your program.

The INPUT statement in combination with the software UART, will not echo characters back because there is no default associated pin for this.

For the AVR-DOS filesystem, you may place the CLOSE at any place in your program. This because the filesystem supports real file handles.

See also

OPEN , PRINT

Example

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------	: open.bas
'name	: open.bas
'copyright	: (c) 1995-2005, MCS Electronics
'purpose	: demonstrates software UART
'micro	: Mega48
'suited for demo	: yes
'commercial addon needed	: no
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------

page -306-

	© MCS Electronics, 1995-2007
$regfile = "m48def.dat"	' specify the used
micro	' used crystal
$crystal = 10000000	' used crystal
frequency	' use baud rate
$baud = 19200	' use baud rate
$hwstack = 32	' default use 32
for the hardware stack	' default use 10
$swstack = 10	' default use 10
for the SW stack	' default use 40
$framesize = 40	' default use 40
for the frame space

Dim B As Byte

'Optional you can fine tune the calculated bit delay 'Why would you want to do that?

'Because chips that have an internal oscillator may not

'run at the speed specified. This depends on the voltage, temp etc. 'You can either change $CRYSTAL or you can use

'BAUD #1,9610

'In this example file we use the DT006 from www.simmstick.com 'This allows easy testing with the existing serial port

'The MAX232 is fitted for this example.

'Because we use the hardware UART pins we MAY NOT use the hardware UART 'The hardware UART is used when you use PRINT, INPUT or other related statements

'We will use the software UART.

Waitms 100

'open channel for output

Open "comd.1:19200,8,n,1" For Output As #1 Print #1 , "serial output"

'Now open a pin for input

Open "comd.0:19200,8,n,1" For Input As #2

'since there is no relation between the input and output pin 'there is NO ECHO while keys are typed

Print #1 , "Number" 'get a number

Input #2 , B 'print the number

Print #1 , B

'now loop until ESC is pressed

'With INKEY() we can check if there is data available

'To use it with the software UART you must provide the channel

'store in byte
B = Inkey(#2)
'when the value > 0 we got something
If B > 0 Then	'print the
Print #1 , Chr(b)	'print the
character
End If
Loop Until B = 27
Close #2
Close #1
'OPTIONAL you may use the HARDWARE UART

page -307-

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$regfile = "m103def.dat"	' specify the used
micro	' used crystal
$crystal = 8000000	' used crystal
frequency	' use baud rate
$baud = 19200	' use baud rate
$hwstack = 32	' default use 32
for the hardware stack	' default use 10
$swstack = 10	' default use 10
for the SW stack	' default use 40
$framesize = 40	' default use 40
for the frame space