
Коптев, Попов - Прочность машин и аппаратов химпроизводств [2001]
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- #
- #
- #
- #08.08.20137.19 Mб50Конструювання опорних вузлів хімічних апаратів і перевірка несучої спроможності обичайок на дію опорних .tif
- #
- #
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- #08.08.201318.94 Mб273Криворот А.С. Конструирование и основы проектирования машин и аппаратов химической промышленности.tif
- #
- #08.08.201348.08 Mб117Основы конструирования и расчета химической аппаратуры. СПРАВОЧНИК. А.А. Лащинский, А.Р. Толчинский. Под.tif
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