МЕТ_1к_1ч

2.Discuss the following questions.

1.What is involved in the notion of "intelligence"?

2.Is an "intelligent" person someone who:

is good at passing exams,

is imaginative,

gets what she / he wants in life,

understands new ideas quickly,

has a good memory,

deals with people well,

is sensible,

reads a lot,

is good at crosswords? Give your reasons.

3.When is intelligence not enough?

4.What is the difference between intelligence, talent, education, and knowledge?

5.Is creativity connected with intelligence?

6.Will artificial intelligence ever match human intelligence? Give your reasons.

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3.The term "multiple intelligences" was coined by a developmental psychologist, Dr. Howard Gardner in 1983. He recognized that we all tend to develop a preference for some intelligences over others, and to use these more than the others as our preferred ways of learning, thinking, and operating in the world.

A. Comment on the scheme. Provide explanations for each type of intelligence.

Useful words and phrases:

to use language; to represent ideas; to express the feelings; to persuade others; logical thinking; mathematical problems; reasoning; to create and interpret; visual images; to think; in three dimensions; to express things physically; hands on work; to feel a rhythm; to detect and analyse musical themes; to understand; your own interior thoughts and feelings; needs and purposes of others; nature; to see patterns in the way nature works; to classify things

B. What are your top three Multiple Intelligences?

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4.Discuss the following quotations. Which quotation is closer to your own ideas?

A."Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid."

Albert Einstein

B."If the human brain were so simple that we could understand it, we would be so simple that we couldn’t."

Emerson M. Pugh

C."What a distressing contrast there is between the radiant intelligence of the child and the feeble mentality of the average adult."

Sigmund Freud

D."The human brain starts working the moment you are born and never stops until you stand up to speak in public."

Unknown

E. "Character is higher than intellect."

Ralph Waldo Emerson

F. "Beauty without intelligence is a masterpiece painted on a napkin."

Unknown

READING

5.Underline the stressed syllable in each word as in the example. Practise reading.

understanding, contain, relationship, significant, verbally, visual-spatial, blood, consumption, similarities, associations, compete, screwdriver

6.Read the text "THE MIND MACHINE?" and choose the most suitable heading for each numbered part of the text from the list below. The first one has been done for you.

A.Bloodthirsty.

B.Is bigger better?

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C.Make your brain work.

D.How much do we know?

E.The battle of the sexes.

F.The super computer.

G.A horrifying history.

7.Imagine you have got an Internet page devoted to the intelligence. Some information of the links was confused. Match the suggested information with the links underlined in the text.

1.A nonmetallic element that exists in its free form as a colourless, odourless gas; makes up about 21 percent of the Earth's atmosphere. It is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust and occurs in many compounds, including water, carbon dioxide and iron ore.

2.The spiral galaxy that contains our solar system. Made up of an estimated two hundred billion stars or more, it is seen from Earth as an irregular band of hazy light across the night sky.

3.He was a novelist, short story writer, and playwright. His novel "Fathers and Sons" is regarded as one of the major works of 19th century fiction.

4.The mental faculty of retaining and recalling past experience based on the mental processes of learning, retention, recall, and recognition.

5.He is known for his realist poetry and political works during the Civil War. His famous collection of poems "Leaves of Grass" is a landmark in the history of American literature.

8.Answer the following questions.

1.Why does the author give such a title to the text?

2.Are brains of very clever people physically different from those of ordinary people?

3.Are there differences between the intelligence levels of males and females?

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4.What do you know about the peculiarities of brain?

5.How can we improve the work of brain?

THE MIND MACHINE?

0 D

Although intelligence has been studied, and the brain has been studied, there is little understanding of how the brain works to produce intelligence. This has something to do with the fact that the brain contains around 100 billion cells (about the number of stars in the Milky Way).

1 __

One of the continuing myths about the relationship between intelligence and the brain is that the brains of very clever people are somehow physically different from those of ordinary people. At the beginning of the century an American scientist called E.A. Spitzka produced a list of the weights of the brains of important, well-known men. The heaviest brain on the list was that of Turgenev, the Russian novelist, at 2000g. However, the brain of another great genius, Walt Whitman, weighed only 1282g.

2 __

There are no significant differences between the intelligence levels of males and females. However, girls under seven score a little higher than boys in IQ tests. However, men and women do differ in the way they think. Generally, women are more skilled verbally and men do better on visual-spatial tasks.

Interestingly, the fibres which join the two halves of the brain have been found to be larger in women than in men. This supports the theory that women can change from 'practical' to 'emotional' thinking more quickly than men.

3 __

People with mental problems have often been treated extremely badly. Two

hundred years ago, the mentally ill were swung around in revolving chairs,

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or holes were drilled in their skulls to release evil spirits. From the 1930s, the mentally ill were subjected to electric shock therapy and lobotomy − the removal of part of their brain. In the 1960s and 70s, thousands of people were given drugs to cope with anxiety and then became addicted to them.

4 __

The brain needs ten times as much blood as other organs of the body, as it can't store glucose for later use. This is different to muscles and other organs and although the adult brain makes up only two per cent of the body weight, its oxygen consumption is twenty per cent of the body's total.

5 __

There are similarities between brains and computers. Computers can do complicated calculations at incredible speeds. But they work in a fixed way, because they can't make memory associations. If we need a screwdriver and there isn't one, we will think laterally and use a knife or coin instead. Computers can't do this. In fact, it is claimed that when it comes to seeing, moving and reacting to stimuli, no computer can compete with even the brain power of a fly.

6 __

Most of our mental processes are deeply formed habits. Challenging your brain to do things differently helps it develop. Try changing routines as often as you can: take a bus instead of going by car, sit in a different chair. An extreme but useful exercise is to read something upside down − you can actually feel your brain at work.

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9.Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Take turns to ask each other. Use the MINIDICTIONARY section to Unit 3 if necessary.

10.Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases.

to be more skilled, to support the theory, the brain makes up, visual-spatial tasks, no significant differences, habits, fibres, the Milky Way, ordinary

11.Cross the odd word out.

1)well-known, illustrious, weird, celebrated;

2)significant, trivial, important, crucial;

3)thinking, reasoning, thought, believing;

4)consumption, expending, depletion, condescension;

5)compete, contend, challenge, ally.

12.Find the words in the text to which the following ones are the synonyms. The first letter is given to make the task easier.

include (c), men (m), women (f), great (i), difficult (c), spoken (v), create (p), respond (r), using (c), connections (a)

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13. Match the words (1−10) with their definitions (a−j).

14. Find ten words from the table above.

15.Fill in the blanks with the words from the list below. Use each word only once. Translate the collocations into Ukrainian.

visual-spatial, continuing, stimuli, complicated, verbally, laterally, compete, consumption, similarities, thinking

16. Match the words and phrases with their Ukrainian equivalents.

17. Fill in the table with the words derived from the given ones.

18. Fill in the correct word derived from the word in bold.

4) _______ (computerization) architecture and functions have been 5) _______

(rigorous) recorded by the designers. Anyone who wishes to spend the time can acquire the necessary 6) _______ (informative). By contrast, little is known about

the functions, 7) _____ (connect), functional architecture, and internal

mechanisms of human brains. Scientific knowledge in this area is inadequate, and most brain experts tacitly assume that the brain and the computer have 8) _____

(similarity) processes and functions. Humans have designed and implemented computers in 9) ______ (logic) ways that make sense, and there is no reason for the brain to be organized any other way. Thus, our expectation and

10) _______ (understand) of the world steer our cognition toward the familiar.

19. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list below.

intellectually, computers, habits, remember, improving, disease, retrieval, upgrade, complex, memory