МЕТ_1к_1ч
.pdfTo Einstein the two explanations were redundant: worse, they were asymmetrical. Having unmasked this asymmetry, he could extend the principle of relativity to electricity, magnetism and light.
Arthur I. Miller
9.Look through the list of words and phrases and check if you know their Ukrainian equivalents. Take turns to ask each other. Use the MINIDICTIONARY section to Unit 6 if necessary.
to generate a current in a wire |
to contradict experimental data |
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to extend the principle |
to fit experiment |
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to unify fundamental forces |
to retain the form |
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fraction of a second |
electroweak theory |
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decay process |
to exhibit mirror symmetry |
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the law of conservation of parity |
to quantify objectively |
theory of relativity |
electromagnetic force |
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gravitation |
coordinates |
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evidence |
compatible |
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to justify the hunt for sth |
to reflect an intuition |
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10.Explain the meaning of the words and phrases.
cherished theories, emphatic, to contradict, to be inverted, a sphere, the decay process, broken symmetries, to unify, aesthetics, principles
11.Find words in the texts to which the following are the synonyms. The first letter is given to make the task easier.
primeval, original (p); reveal (u); excessive, superfluous (r); mirror symmetry (p); moment (i); completely (r); rudimentary (f); look for (s); emphasised, (e), precious (c), originate (s), state, maintain (a)
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12.Match the words and collocations (1−8) from the text with their definitions (a−h).
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symmetry |
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data produced by a measurement, test method, |
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experimental design or quasi-experimental design |
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equation |
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the event which led to the formation of the universe, |
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according to the prevailing cosmological theory of |
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the universe's early development |
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nuclear force |
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a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of |
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beauty, art, |
and taste, |
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the |
creation |
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and appreciation of beauty |
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experimental |
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one of the four fundamental interactions of nature. In |
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data |
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the Standard Model of particle physics, it is due to |
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the exchange of the heavy W and Z bosons |
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the big bang |
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the concept that the properties of particles such as |
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atoms and molecules remain unchanged after being |
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subjected to a variety of transformations |
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aesthetics |
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the spontaneous process of one elementary particle |
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transforming into other elementary particles |
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weak force |
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the force between two or more nucleons, responsible |
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for binding |
of protons |
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neutrons |
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atomic |
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nuclei |
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decay |
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statement of equality between two expressions |
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consisting of variables and / or numbers |
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13.Find phrases in the text that match the meanings (A−E). A maintain a shape and structure
B express instinctive knowledge of belief
C be in conformity with a test or investigation
D prove the pursuit or diligent search to be right
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E be inconsistent with values derived from scientific experiments
14.Fill in the table with the words derived from the given ones.
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Adjective |
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invert |
invert, ................... |
invert, inverted, ................... |
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contradictious, |
contradictive, |
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contradictory |
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exhibit, |
............, exhibitor, |
..............., ..............., exhibitory |
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exhibitioner |
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unify |
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extended |
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conserve |
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..................., gravity |
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, gravitative |
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subject |
subject, |
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subjectivity |
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compatibility |
................... |
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15. Find nine words from the table above.
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16.Match the words in the left-hand column with the words in the right-hand column to make phrases. Use each word only once. Translate them into Ukrainian.
1 |
principle of |
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parity |
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fraction of |
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coordinates |
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inverted |
c |
energy |
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cling on to |
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theory |
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spring from |
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explanations |
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conservation of |
f |
relativity |
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instant of |
g |
aesthetics |
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primordial |
h |
theories |
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offer |
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a second |
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10 |
electroweak |
j |
symmetry |
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17. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words given below.
gravity, times, measurements, relative, accuracy, force, equal, asymmetry, leap,
a falling stone, acceleration, Newton's law |
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Daydreaming in his job at the Patent Office in Bern, |
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Switzerland, Einstein considered the case of 1) |
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drawn towards the ground by 2) ........ . |
The physicists |
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of the day distinguished between the "inertial mass" of |
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the stone, as it appeared in 3) ........ |
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acting on an |
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object to its mass 5) ........ |
its 6) ........ |
, and the stone's "gravitational mass", |
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which is its mass as |
described in Newton's law of gravity. Precision 7) ........ |
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indicated they were |
probably the same. Why have two |
masses when one |
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sufficed ? It was another 8) |
........ . Ignoring experimental 9) |
........, Einstein took |
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them to be exactly 10) ........ |
, a breathtaking 11) ........ |
which led him to realise |
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that acceleration and gravity were 12) ........ |
to |
each other. This was to be |
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the basis for his general theory of relativity − a theory scientists often describe
as the most beautiful theory ever proposed.
18. Match 1−6 with a−f to make sentences.
1 |
The great equations of modern |
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complex mathematics that described |
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physics are a permanent part of |
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a flexible geometry of space-time |
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scientific knowledge, |
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whose shape was determined by the |
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bodies in it. |
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2 |
Einstein |
achieved |
symmetry |
b |
which would keep its form when |
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with his special relativity theory |
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moved from one point to another in |
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by expressing it in terms of |
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four-dimensional space-time. |
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tensors, |
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3 |
Beauty |
lies |
in mathematical |
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predicted particles with negative |
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representation of the theory, |
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energy, which everyone thought an |
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impossibility. |
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4 |
Einstein was struggling to find |
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because mathematics is the means |
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a mathematical |
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by which scientists represent nature, |
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Newton's gravitational theory |
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in the same way artists use paint and |
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canvas. |
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Although |
experiments |
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which may outlast even the beautiful |
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essential for scientific theories, |
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cathedrals of earlier ages. |
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certain theories are just too |
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important, too beautiful, |
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Dirac's |
equation, |
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was |
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one could say, to be discarded when |
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consistent with relativity theory |
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the experiments don't go your way. |
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represented |
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mathematics unfamiliar to most |
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physicist, spinors, |
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19.Fill in the gaps with the appropriate form of the words from the list: discover, develop, pioneer, invent, design. Use some words more than once.
1.The physicians Marie Curie and her husband Pierre …….. the element radium and won the Nobel Prize for physics.
2.Brunel ………… the Clifton Suspension Bridge.
3.Marco Polo made journeys through Asia and wrote a book describing what he had ……………
4.Edward Jenner ………… the use of vaccination to prevent disease.
5.I wonder who ……….. the very first computer?
6.Einstein ……….. the theory of relativity which replaced Newton’s theories of gravity.
7.Frank Lloyd Wright ………….. the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.
8.Florence Nightingale ………….. effective nursing care and improvements in public health.
9.In 1930 Clyde Tombaugh …………. Pluto after many years of studying the night sky.
10.A cook mixed together charcoal, sulfur, and saltpeter and accidentally
………fireworks.
20.Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. There is one mistake in each sentence.
1.The festival Diwali will have marked the beginning of the Hindi new year and honors Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess of wealth.
2.Sometimes pollen is carried by creatures like insects and hummingbirds when the pollen stick to their fuzz or feathers.
3."Seaweed" is a term used to loosely describe various types of algae that are living in the sea.
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4.There is certain kinds of moths who are known for snacking on keratin, which is a protein found in clothes made from animal-based materials like wool, fur, silk, leather, or feathers.
5.Tiny baby snails are actually born with their shells, although the shell is delicate and not very strong already.
6.Parents always insist on eating vegetables and fruits in every child's diet for healthyer life.
7.Ladybugs are not only pretty, but they have eaten aphids − insects that are harmful to the plants of gardeners or farmers.
21.Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence.
1.Our course ........ in May.
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a) have been starting |
b) starts |
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Tomorrow I ….. all day. |
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a) will be working |
b) will work |
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By the time we get there, the laboratory …… . |
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a) will close |
b) will have closed |
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If you …. to music containing beats at a frequency of 10 Hz, you will |
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automatically generate more brainwaves at this frequency and enter a |
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relaxed Alpha mental state. |
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a) listen |
b) will listen |
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I ...... you tomorrow at 3:00 pm. |
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a) will see |
b) see |
6.After we finish this experiment, I …….. all of this researcher's papers.
a)will look through b) will have looked through
7.Can I come over in an hour? No, I …….. a new firewall.
a) will install |
b) will be installing |
8.This time next week, I ….. the wildlife in the mangrove forests around
Sumatra.
a) will be observing |
b) will observe |
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9. |
Microsoft's next OS …… on PCs, tablets, phones, and the next-gen Xbox. |
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a) will be running |
b) will run |
10. |
You …. your English by the time you come back from the U.S. |
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a) will perfect |
b) will have perfected |
11.The results of LHC experiments ....... our fundamental knowledge of the universe.
a)will probably change b) will probably have changed
12.Next Monday, Kate .... work.
a) will have been starting b) is starting
22.Fill in each blank by putting the verb in brackets into the correct past tense.
1.When the 27km long circular tunnel at CERN was excavated, between lake Geneva and the Jura mountain range, the two ends ........ (meet up) with just one centimetre of error.
2.Life expectancy ….. (soar) by more than 30 years in richer nations during the 20th century and shows no sign of slowing.
3.It …... (rain) so we …... (decide) to stay at home and spend the afternoon solving brain twisters and crosswords.
4.By the time I …. (leave) university I ….. (be) to France fifteen times.
5.I didn't realise I ….. (lose) my credit card until I …... (try) to pay for the book at the store.
6.I …. (write) an email to my sister when she …... (ring) me.
7.At the conference last week researchers ......... (describe) the progress that has been made in the science of ageing.
8.She was so upset by the news that she …... (drop) her tea and …... (start) crying.
9.Fireworks ……. (originate) in China some 2,000 years ago.
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23.Fill in a, the where necessary.
A. "The research worker, in his efforts to express the fundamental laws of
1) |
..... Nature in mathematical form, should strive mainly for mathematical beauty. |
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He should take 2) ..... |
simplicity into 3) |
..... consideration in 4) |
..... subordinate way |
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to beauty ... . |
It often happens that 5) ..... |
requirements of simplicity and beauty are |
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the same, but where they clash, 6) |
..... latter must take 7) ..... |
precedence." |
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Paul A. M. Dirac |
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B. "When I am working on 8) ..... |
problem, I never think about 9) ..... |
beauty ... |
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but when I have finished, if 10) ..... |
solution is not beautiful, I know it is wrong." |
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R. Buckminster Fuller |
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24.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.Гравітація виявилася деформацією простору викликаною об’єктами,
що знаходяться у ньому.
2.60−65 мільйонів років тому дельфіни та люди мали спільного предка.
3.Нещодавно вчені виявили, що складні крапельні картини Джексона Поллока (Jackson Pollock)
вражаюче схожі на хаотичні системи.
4.Поллок знайшов спосіб зобразити природу, за допомогою фрактальних форм, які відображають характерну ознаку самої природи.
5.Коли елементарна частинка розпадається через "слабку взаємодію",
вона створює електрон та нейтрино, порушуючи при цьому парність.
6.Впродовж 20 сторіччя математика поступово почала зазіхати на мистецтво.
7.Великий Бар’єрний Риф має довжину більш ніж 2000 кілометрів. Він являє собою найбільшу живу структуру на Землі.
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25. Edit the Ukrainian translation.
"I am among those who think that science has great beauty. A scientist in his laboratory is not only a technician: he is also a child placed before natural phenomena which impress him like a fairy tale. We should not allow it to be believed that all scientific progress can be reduced to mechanisms, machines, gearings, even though such machinery has its own beauty."
Marie Curie
"Я належу до числа тих, хто думає, що наука має
великий краси. Вчений у своїй лабораторії є не тільки фахівцем: він ще й дитини, яка віддана перед природними явищами, які на нього враження як у казці. Ми не повинні допустити, щоб він вважав, що всі науково-
технічного прогресу може бути зведений до механізми, машини, зубчасті передачі, хоча такі машини є своя краса."
Марі Кюрі
SPEAKING
26.Discuss the following questions in small groups or pairs.
1.How important is science? What has science done for the humankind?
2.Is science always good? Do you always trust science? Give your reasons.
3.What will science uncover in the next few decades? What will the next discovery / invention be in science?
4.What questions will science never answer?
5.Do you like visiting science museums? Why (not)?
6.The Japanese anime character Ikari Gendo said: "Science is the power of Man." Express you opinion.
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