1. Comment on the meaning of the following word groups:

To weld – welding – welder, to heat – heating, to melt – melting, to press – pressure, to divide – division, to resist – resistance, to select – selector – selection, to generate – generator, to add – additive – addition, to conduct – conductor.

2. Match the synonyms:

burner to fuse ahead of to utilize to get

in front of to obtain torch to melt to use

3. Match the antonyms:

non-detachable different heavy suitable to separate

same to bring together detachable light unsuitable

4. Analyze the –ing forms and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. Welding is a process using heating of metals to be joined.

2. Two metals are held between electrodes conducting heavy current.

3. Inventing of the arc was very important for construction.

4. Igniting acetylene with oxygen gives a steady flame for heating.

5. The acetylene being delivered at very low pressure, the oxygen enters the torch at high pressure.

5. Read and translate the sentences. Define the function of the Present Participle.

1. We were demonstrated an operating engine.

2. Designing new systems we can use electronic computers.

3. Having finished the experiment the engineers started a series of new tests.

4. A barometer is an instrument measuring atmospheric pressure.

5. Metals being used in industry in the form of alloys have better properties than pure metals.

6. Having made many experiments scientists proved that electricity had an atomic character.

7. Being the cheapest of the metals cast iron is widely used everywhere.

8. A neutron is a particle having the same mass as a proton.

6. Find the gerunds. Comment on their syntactic function.

1. Casting is a process of forming metal objects.

2. The open-hearth process is one of the most important methods of making steel.

3. Numerous methods have been developed for producing metal castings.

4. The test needed increasing the temperature of the molten metal.

5. There are some ways of obtaining high quality alloys.

6. After pouring, the molten metal is allowed to solidify in a mold.

7. Aluminium has a melting point of 658,7oC.

7. Translate the word groups and the sentences into Ukrainian. Pay attention at the prepositions before the gerunds: in – при; on, upon – після, при; by – шляхом, через, за допомогою; without - без.

in building, in melting, on heating, on completing, on melting, by introducing, without employing, without machining

1. In building new metallurgical works, engineers have to solve many different problems.

2. In melting steel, foundrymen use electric furnaces, crucible furnaces and converters.

3. Liquids and gases expand on heating.

4. On completing the construction, the cupola was tested in operation.

5. Casting is a process of forming metal objects by melting metal and pouring it into molds.

6. By introducing new foundry methods the engineers improve the quality of castings and the speed of manufacture.

7. High-grade castings cannot be produced without employing electric furnaces.

8. Most castings cannot be employed as parts of complex mechanisms without machining and finishing.

8. Rewrite the sentences using participles or gerunds.

1. When we fuse two metal pieces we obtain a weld.

2. We heard that the scientists had applied a new kind of additive to obtain firm joining.

3. Metals reach their plastic stage after welder has heated them in a blacksmith forge.

4. The students were asked to join rods and they had to prepare their instruments for this work.

5. The engineer informs that the hammer welding has been completed.