Признаки распознавания причастного оборота,
ЕГО МЕСТО В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ И ПОРЯДОК ПЕРЕВОДА
Причастия действительного залога
Причастия страдательного залога
Определительные и обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием I
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определительный – после существительного the x xing… The tube consisting of a cathode... – Лампа, состоящая из катода… |
делающий (-ущ, -ющ, -ащ, -ящ, -вш, -ш), придаточным предложением |
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обстоятельственный – в начале предложения перед подлежащим (Xing … the x) Developing a new semiconductor device... – Разрабатывая новое полупроводниковое устройство,… – в конце предложения (… xing … .) …working. hard. – …упорно работая. |
делая (-а, -я, -ав, -ив); придаточным предложением; при + существительное | |
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Может вводиться союзами when «когда» и while «в то время как» While conducting space research, scientists... – Проводя космические исследования, ученые… |
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Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием I пассивным
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Переводится |
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being xed |
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим Being xed …the x Being built of coloured stone the cinema will look … - Так как кинотеатр строится из цветного камня, он будет выглядеть… |
будучи сделан, когда делается |
Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием перфектным активным
Perfect Participle Active
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Переводится |
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having xed |
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим Having xed …the x Having repaired the engine the mechanic showed it … – Отремонтировав мотор, механик показал его … |
сделав (-ав, -яв, -ив, -вшись) |
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– в конце предложения … having xed … . |
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Обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием перфектным пассивным
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having been xed |
– в начале предложения перед подлежащим Having been xed …the x Having been repaired properly the engine began operating better. – После того как мотор был отремонтирован должным образом, он стал работать лучше. |
придаточным предложением с союзами так как, после того как, когда Так как было сделано |
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– в конце предложения … having been xed … . |
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Определительные и обстоятельственные причастные обороты с причастием II
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определительные – после существительного the x xed… …consists of cylinder heated by filament. –…состоит из цилиндра, обогреваемого нитью накала. |
делаемый, сделанный (-нный, -емый, -имый, -тый, -шится, -вшится), придаточным предложением |
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Xed |
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обстоятельственные – в начале предложения перед подлежащим (When) xed … the x … When processed the substance... – При обработке вещество … и в конце предложения. …(when) xed. …when hearted. – …при нагревании Может вводиться союзами when «когда», if «если», as «как», though «хотя», unless «если … не», until «пока … не», once «раз уж», «как только» и др. |
а) придаточным обстоятельственным предложением: когда сделали, б) при + существительное при применении | |
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Причастие I, причастие перфектное активное и пассивное
1. a) В каждом ряду найдите формы, имеющие значение «кто, делающий…».
1. The x is 1ing the x, the x 2ing the x will be xing, the x 3ing the x has been xing, the xs 4ing the x have been xing, the x 5ing the x is xing.
2. The xs are 6ing the x, the x 7ing the x was xing, the xs 8ing the xs are xing, the x 9ing the x was xing, the xs 10ing the xs were xing.
3. The x was 11ing the x, the x 12ing the x was xing, the xs 13ing the xs were xing, the x 14ing the x is xing, the xs 15ing the xs are xing.
4. The x 16ing the x was xing, the xs 17ing the xs were xing, the x is 18ing the x, the x 19ing the x is, the xs 20ing the xs are.
5. The xs 21ing the xs are, the x 22ing the x is xing, the xs 23ing the xs are xing, the x 24ing the x was xing, the xs are 25ing the x.
6.The x 26ing the x was xing, the xs 27ing the xs were xing, the x 28ing the x was, the x 29ing the x will be xing, the x was 30ing the x.
7. The xs 31ing the xs were, the x 32ing the x is xing, the xs 33ing the xs are xing, the x 34ing the x was xing, the xs were 35ing the x.
b) В каждом ряду найдите формы, имеющие значение «делая…».
1) 1ing the x the x is, when 2ing the x the xs are, the 3ing x xs, 4ing the x the xs are, 5ing the x the x is.
2) When 6ing the x the xs are, while 7ing the x the x is, 8ing is, 9ing the x the x is, when 10ing the xs are.
3) 11ing the x the xs are, 12ing the x the xs are, when 13ing the x the xs are, while 14ing the x the x is, the 15ing xs are.
4) The 16ing x is, 17ing the x the xs are, 18ing the x the x is, when 19ing the x the xs are, while 20ing the x the x is.
5) While the xs are 21ing, 22ing the x the xs are, 23ing the x the x is, when 24ing the x the xs are, 25ing the x the x is.
6) 26ing was, 27ing the x the xs are, 28ing the x the x is, when 29ing the x the xs are, while 30ing the x the x is.
7) 31ing the x the xs are, 32ing the x the x is, the 33ing x xs, 34ing the x the x is, when 35ing the x the xs are.
c) В каждом ряду найдите формы, имеющие значение «сделав …» в начале структуры.
1. 1ing the x the x is; Having 2ed the x the x is; Having 3ed it the x; Having 4ed the x the x; Having 5ed it the x was.
2. Having 6ed it the x xs were; When 7ing the x is; Having 8ed the x the x is; Having 9ed it the x; Having 10ed the x the x.
3. Having 11ed the x the x is; While 12ing the xs are; Having 13ed the x the x; Having 14ed it the x was; Having 15ed it the x xs were.
4. Having 16ed it the x; Having 17ed the x the x; Having 18ed it the x was; Having been 19ed the x is; Having 20ed it the x xs were
5. Having 21ed the x the x; Having been 22ed the x is; Having 23ed the x the x is; Having 24ed it the x; Having 25ed it the x xs were.
6. 26ing the x the x is; Having 27ed it the x; Having 28ed the x the x; Having 29ed it the x was; Having 30ed it the x xs were.
7. Having 31ed the x the x is; Having 32ed it the x; Having 33ed it the x was; Having 34ed it the x xs were; The x 35ed xing the x
2. Дайте русский эквивалент речевых отрезков, учитывая форму причастия I и причастия перфектного в действительном/страдательном залоге:
а) 1. people reading a lot; 2 speaking at the meeting I…; 3 when using this device he …; 4 while calculating the figures again I…; 5 having learnt it he …; 6 having increased the rate they …; 7 being built of stone the building …; 8 having been repaired the engine began … . 9 having been studied in detail the method was …; 10 having been tested successfully the model … .
b) 1) people reading a lot in English, 2) while calculating the figures, 3) the scientists conducting the experiment, 4) having reached the place, 5) cyber-attack concentrating on stealing information, 6) the standard offering high-speed data, 7) some early telegraphs using keyboards could produce tapes, 8) when conducting the experiment, 9) having discussed the questions.
3. Прочитайте предложения, обращая внимание на причастные обороты, дайте их русские эквиваленты.
a) 1. Qualitative research has many uses, including exploring alternative communication messages and identifying strengths and weaknesses.
2. A back.one is a network transmission path handling major data traffic.
3. The ability of tiny computer devices to control complex operations has transformed the way many tasks are performed, ranging from scientific research to producing consumer products.
4. A router is a special computer directing messages when several networks are linked.
5. A virus is an unwanted program that has entered a user’s system without them knowing about it.
6. The Tor Project offers a channel for people wanting to route their online communications anonymously.
7. Users wishing to take part in the bridging project, need to be subscribed to the Amazon service.
8. There have already been prototypes, attracting crowds at gadget shows.
b) 1. But further measurements using a laser and looking for reflections showed that much of the ice is covered with a layer of dark material tens of centimetres thick.
2. This procedure was dropped, having given low yield of end products.
3. Having been carefully tested the device was put into operation.
4. Having determined the number of amperes and the number of volts, we can find the resistance of the coil by using Ohm’s law.
5. Having lost electrons, the atom of the metal is pasifire.
6. Having studied all the known elements he drew up a table of elements.
7. Having been employed in many industrial processes electronic computers show a notable example of progress contributing to the development of industry.
8. The source code of the malware program has become available online, allowing experts to analyze its complicated design.
9. Having changed the program the robot’s arm began to perform a new operation.
10. Having analysed the situation he managed to carry out the experiment.
11. Having developed a new type of robot he felt very excited.
12. Having made a mistake the designer couldn’t continue his work.
13. Having revealed new facts he understood it was time to act.
14. Having returned home he solved all the problems.
15. Having studied the problem in details he could answer all our questions.
16. Having accomplished their work the students could go home.
17. Having solved the problem we deserved a short rest.