Grammar / pronouns 4

70 • Parti.Accidence

She was never idle, it seemed to him, and he envied her now that he himself was idle nearly all his time. (Galsworthy)

I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself.

§6. Reciprocal pronouns.

1.Reciprocal pronouns are the group-pronouns each other and one another. They express mutual action or relation. The subject to which they refer must always be in the plural.

"I didn't really know him," he thought, "and he didn't know me;

but we loved each other." (Galsworthy)

We haven't set eyes on one another for years. (Priestley)

Each other generally implies only two, one another two or more than two people:

He had never heard his father or his mother speak in an angry voice, either to each other, himself, or anybody else. (Galsworthy) Seated in a row close to one another were three ladies — Aunts Ann, Hester (the two Forsyte maids), and Julie (short for Julia)...

(Galsworthy)

It must be mentioned that this distinction is not always strictly

observed:

I should have been surprised if those two could have thought very highly of one another. (Dickens)

2. Reciprocal pronouns have two case forms.

Girls banged into each other and stamped on each other's feet. (Mansfield)

The common case of reciprocal pronouns is used as an object. The men were not grave and dignified. They lost their tempers easily and called one another names... (London)

Elizabeth and George talked and found each other delightful.

(Aldington)

The genitive case of reciprocal pronouns may be used as an at-

tribute.

At first it struck me that I might live by selling my works to the ten per cent who were like myself; but a moment's reflection showed me that these must all be as penniless as I, and that we could not live by, so to speak, taking in one another's washing. (Shaw)

Chapter IV. The Pronoun • 71

Not until moon and stars faded away and streaks of daylight began to appear, did Meitje Brinker and Hans look hopelessly into each other's face. (Dodge)

Reciprocal pronouns preceded by a preposition are used as a prepositional indirect object:

They look at one another for a moment. (Dickens)

... in silence they stared at each other. (Saxton)

§7. Demonstrative pronouns.

1.The demonstrative pronouns are this, that, such, (the) same. The demonstrative pronouns this and that have two numbers:

this — these; that — those.

This is used to point at what is nearer in time or space; that points lit what is farther away in time or space.

He looked him over critically. "Yes, this boy might do," he thought.

(Dreiser)

"I like that fellow," Henry Waterman confided to his brother the moment Frank had gone with instructions to report the following morning. (Dreiser)

This and that may be applied both to persons and things.

And this girl was French, not likely to lose her head, or accept any unlegalized position. (Galsworthy)

Other people were anxious to get this soap at this price. (Dreiser) What do you think of that Belgian fellow, Profond? (Galsworthy) To Forsyte imagination that house was now a sort of Chinese pill-box... (Galsworthy)

The pronoun such.

She wore a red ribbon in her hair, and was the only one of the white company who could boast of such a pronounced adornment. (Hardy)

The pronoun same is always used with the definite article.

The driver was a young man... wearing a dandy cap, drab jacket, breeches of the same hue. (Hardy)

2. The demonstrative pronouns this and that are used as subjects, predicatives, objects, and attributes.

It's all right, but I'd rather try my hand at brokerage, I think that appeals to me. (Dreiser) (SUBJECT)