АНГЛ

Hippocratic oath

Our future profession is noble. Every doctor must take care about people, treat them and help them to be healthy. A medical student must understand that is necessary to be a good doctor in order to treat patients. The student’s task is to have good knowledge of medicine and to love people. Medical students must remember the words of their professional oath, which they proclaim at the Institute meetings. It is the oath of the famous physician Hippocrates who was called the father of medicine. This is an extract taken from Hippocratic oath

I swear by gods and goddesses making them my witnesses that I will carry out according to my ability and judgment this oath.

This oath is the direction for the future doctor’s work. Each doctor must be ready to give all his abilities, all his strength to the protection people’s health.

Education plays a vital role in people’s lives. Education is aimed at providing people with the skills that prepare them physically, mentally and socially for the world of everyday life and work.

There are different institutes and universities in Ukraine. They train various specialists using such forms of education as day time, part time and extra mural. To enter there many applicants take the competitive examinations. Those who show good results at the examinations become first-year students. During the academic year the students must attend lectures and practical classes. At the end of each term the students take credit tests and examinations. The course of study at most universities last 5 years, but doctor’s training at some department takes 6 years. After graduating from the medical institute young doctors work as interns during a certain period/

A doctor’s working day

Igor Petrenko works as a doctor at a hospital. Every morning he gets up at 7 o’clock. First of all he does his morning exercises. Then he shaves, washes himself and put on clothes. At 8 o’clock he has his breakfast. After breakfast, he leaves his flat and goes to the hospital. As his house is not far from the hospital, he does not tale a trolleybus. As a rule he goes on foot.

He works at a therapeutic department. His working day begins at 9 and is over at 3 o’clock. When he comes to the department he washes his hands and puts on his white gown and cap.

Every day he makes the morning round. He is very attentive to his patients. He examines them with great care. He uses such methods percussion, auscultation, palpation and others.

After the examination doctor prescribes some treatment for each patient and give some instructions for nurses.

What important function do our lungs fulfill?

Our lungs a pair of organs, which are situated in the chest. They fulfill rather important function of vital activity known as respiration. Our lungs are conical in shape. Their apexes project into the neck, and their bases rest upon the diaphragm. The right lung contains 3 lobes and the left has two lobes. Each lung is enclosed in a pleural membrane. It has 2 layer, which form the pleural cavity. It is in natural state, a merely potential space.

The lungs expand and retract in breathing. The colour of the children ‘s lungs is rosy pink, but in adults they may be grey, dark-grey or black.

During our respiration air passes rhythmically into and out of the air passages in the lungs. Tese two movements are know as inspiration and expiration. This process allow the blood to absorb oxygen and to give off carbon dioxide.

Skin and muscles.

Our body is covered by the skin. The tissue has an outer layer of the epithelial tissue and an inner one of the connective tissue. There are the blood vessels and nerves in the connective tissue. Just beneath the skin there is a layer composed of connective tissue. In some places this layer bind by the skin directly to the bone and in other places it separates the skin from the muscles. one can see the subcutaneous fat which is called fascia.

The skin and this fascia form a protective covering for the muscles, bones and internal organs. The muscles are formed by a mass of muscle cells.

The covering of the bone is composed of a fibrous connective tissue which is called periosteum.

The oldest universities of great Britain are oxford and Cambridge. The modern English universities are located in large cities, such as London, leeds, munchester. London university is the biggest one. It consists of various colleges and other institutions. A university usually has both faculties and departments. The most common faculties are medicine, law, science and technology. There are various departments, such as economies, music, engineering.

The course of studies lasts 6 years. The curriculum is wide. The colleges give specializing training. The course of studies hear is only 3 years. The student pay for taking exams, for attending the lectures and for taking books from the library.

So, that is why I entered Zaporozhye State Medical University. I am a first-year student of the 1^st Medical Department. I like study at this University, it is rather interesting and exciting. I like student’s campus, because it is rather comfortable. There places where you can have a rest and places, where you can prepare for the next classes. Many student live in the hostel, but I live with my parents. My house isn’t far from the University.

There are 17 students in my group. I was appointed as a monitor. We will study 6 years at the University. Our academic year begins at September and is over in June. We have two terms in the course of the academic year. During the academic year our students attend many lectures and practical classes. I like attend lectures. It is rather interesting. The first-year students study foreign languages and other subjects

The digestive system contains of alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. The accessory organs are teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder…the organs of the digestive system are covered with peritoneum. Important structures of the mouth are the tongue and the teeth. The esophagus conveys food from pharynx to the stomach. The stomach is a dilated portion of alimentary canal. It lyes in the upper abdomen inder the diaphragm. There the process of digestion begins. The small intestine is a thin muscular tube, about 7 meters long. It has 3 portions, such as duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The large intestine is about 1,5 meters longs and includes caecum, colon and rectum. The pancreas forms external secretion important in digestion.

A vocabulary defines a family as ‘people who are closely related’. As for me, there is no exact definition, what family is. It is definitely a fabulous phenomenon, cemented by blood, which is thicker than water. I think that family is the biggest wealth.

First of all, I want to say some words about my parents. They are hard working people, who like their profession. My mother is a doctor. She loves her profession, because she helps people. My mother always keeps the house and takes care of all of us. She is very good at cooking and she is clever with her hands. My father is a long-distance driver. He often travels to other countries. He has got rather dangerous work, but he really likes it.

My granny is rather interesting person. She always says that her family is her most important achievement in life. She is a physicist.

Also, I have got a sister. She is a 26 years old…

Teeth are rather important bony organs for our digestion. By means of them we bite and masticate food. A tooth consists of 3 parts the crown, the neck and the root. The physical support of each tooth is the alveolar bone. The tooth is covered by the firm hard substance, which is called an enamel. The inner tissue of the tooth is a dentine. There are blood vessels and nerves by means of which the feeding and growing of them take place. Our teeth are devided into 4 groups incisors, cuspids, biocuspids and molars. During our life we had two sets of teeth. The 1 teething begins at 6 month and lasts till the age of 2. Little children have 20 temporary teeth. The 2 teething begins at 6 years and is over by 24. An adult has 32 permanent teeth. The clinical formula is 2 incisors, 1 cuspid, 2 biocuspid and 3 mollars/

Ukraine

Whether you are interested in culture or countryside, Ukraine has something for you. With its long fascinating history and rich traditions, it certainly won’t leave you bored.

Ukraine is one of the most beautiful and diverse countries in the world with a wide variety of landscapes and ecosystems. This country has it all: swamps, snow-capped mountains, forests, beautiful blue lakes, green fields and even deserted beaches. The traditions of dozens of cultures still remain in Ukraine making it an exciting tourist destination. Ukraine is pleasant at any time of the year, but the most popular time to visit it is between May and July. So let’s starts our journey.

The tour begins in the crowded city, which is called Kiev. According to a legend, three brothers( Kiy, Shek and Choriv) created Kiev closeto the end of 9^th century. Today, it is one of the modern cities in Ukraine. Kiev is rather exciting. The city center contains trendy shops, grand places, traditional restaurants and out-doors cafes, with its cobbled streets, narrow alleys and colourful buildings. Also, there are a lot of music and dance clubs which are extremely popular with young people. A short walk will take you to the old part of Kiev, where you will find old churches and museums.

Situated at the foot of the imposing Crimea Mountains, romantic Sudak is a town that has something to offer everyone. It is the ideal choice for an exciting break away from home. The city has several tourists attractions which are worth visiting. There are tumbling waterfalls, imperial rocks, and of course the clear blue sea. In addition, tourists can travel to the champagne-making factory, where they can try fantastic kinds if champagne. However, the most famous tourist attraction is an amazing Geneues fortress. It is located in the old cay. Some historians are of the opinion, that this fortress was built in 212 by alans. It is secured from attack by 14 towers, which are 15m high and by the main complex of gates.

The next city which we will visit is Lviv. It presents to you the traditional riches of architecture from Gothic to the current age. There you should visit an Old Town, the 19^th Century Town Hall and a large number of 16^th and 18^th century building of architectural elegance.

Moreover, Ukraine is home of the Carpathian Mountains. The magnificent landscape of this cliffs adds a new essence to Ukraine travel. There are located a lot of interesting and pictorial resorts. Jaremche is one of them. There we end our tour.

While you are travelling don’t forget that every country has its own cuisine and national customs. In each city there are several flea markets, where you can buy Ukranian rushniki, vyshivankas, jewellery, ornaments and other symbolic things.

So, if you are looking for a magical holiday, why not visit the excellent country of Ukraine? It is the kind of place that holiday-makers dream about.

KIEV

Whether you are interested in culture or countryside, Ukraine has something for you. With its long fascinating history and rich traditions, it certainly won’t leave you bored.

Ukraine is one of the most beautiful and diverse countries in the world with a wide variety of landscapes and ecosystems. This country has it all: swamps, snow-capped mountains, forests, beautiful blue lakes, green fields and even deserted beaches. The traditions of dozens of cultures still remain in Ukraine making it an exciting tourist destination. Ukraine is pleasant at any time of the year, but the most popular time to visit it is between May and July. So let’s starts our journey.

The tour begins in the crowded city, which is called Kiev. Kiev it is a capital of Ukraine. The residents of this city can be proud of their native city, because it is one of the most beautiful cities in Ukraine. It is situated on the wide plains along both banks of the ancient river Dnipro and this impart Kiev a unique aspect. According to a legend, three brothers( Kiy, Shek and Choriv) created Kiev close to the end of 9^th century.

Today, it is one of the modern cities in Ukraine. Kiev is rather exciting. The city center contains trendy shops, grand places, traditional restaurants and out-doors cafes, with its cobbled streets, narrow alleys and colourful buildings. Also, there are a lot of music and dance clubs, theaters, cinemas, which are extremely popular with young people. A short walk will take you to the old part of Kiev, where you will find old churches and museums, which are connected with its history.

Kiev is the biggest cultural and educational center in Ukraine. A romantic Kiev is a city that has something to offer everyone. It is the ideal choice for an exciting break away from home. The city has several tourists attractions which are worth visiting. You can begin your acquaintance with Kiev from Golden Gate. It was the main entrance into the city and a fortress. They stand at the crossing of Volodymyrska street, Jaroslviv Val and Lysenka street. Also, you can visit a St. Sophia Cathedral, the Kievo-Pecherska Lavra and Taras Shevchenko University.

Moreover, the Ukrainian capital is one of the most important industrial centers in the country. It’s biography is defined by the metallurgists, power engineers, machine builders and chemists. The industrial product are delivered to all parts of Ukraine and to more than 70 countries.

So, in conclusion, I want to say that Kiev is the most exciting cities in the world. I want to cite one proverb: “ you don’t know about Ukraine, if you didn’t visit Kiev”. Welcome to ur capital.