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4. Read the text. Define if the sentences are true (t) or false (f):

1. Certainly, many techniques in machine learning do not derive from the efforts of psychologists.

2. Reinforcement learning is not connected with machine learning research.

3. Control theorists study the problem of controlling a process having unknown parameters which must be estimated during operation.

4. Machine learning usually does not refer to the changes in systems that perform tasks associated with artificial intelligence.

5. Several important machine learning techniques are based on networks of nonlinear elements – often called neural networks.

6. Machine learning methods cannot be used for on-the-job improvement of existing machine designs.

5 Find in the text English equivalents to the following Russian words and word-combinations:

Укрепление, подразумеваемый, краткий, символьный, область, полученные знания, прояснить некоторые стороны, внешняя информация, система распознавания речи, искусственный интеллект, налаживать внутреннюю структуру, извлекать соотношение, фактическая производительность, явное кодирование, нейросеть, теория адаптивного управления, модель дерева принятия решений.

6 Match the words from 2 columns to make word combinations. Translate them.

  1. Genetic

  1. machine

  1. decision-tree

  1. improvement

  1. semantic

  1. programming

  1. sub-symbolic

  1. learning

  1. explicit

  1. encoding

  1. speech-recognition

  1. methods

  1. feel

  1. processing

  1. computational

  1. justified

  1. reinforcement

k) network

  1. on-the-job

l) techniques

  1. Complete the sentences:

  1. Genetic algorithms and ____________________ are the most prominent computational techniques for evolution.

  2. Machine learning usually refers to the changes in systems that perform tasks associated with ____________________.

  3. Zoologists and psychologists study learning in _______ and humans.

  4. Control theorists study the problem of ______________________having unknown parameters which must be estimated during operation.

  5. The amount of knowledge available about certain tasks might be too large for _____________ by humans.

  6. Some tasks cannot be defined well except by example; that is, we might be able to specify _____________________ but not a concise relationship between inputs and desired outputs.

  7. Some of the work in reinforcement learning can be traced to efforts to model how ________________ influence the learning of goal-seeking behavior in animals.

  8. Different learning mechanisms might be employed depending on ________________ is being changed.

8. Match the words from the text with their definition:

1. to derive

2. implicit

3. to estimate

4. enhancement

5. to illuminate

6. to evolve

7. sample

8. reinforcement

9. explicit

10. external

a) to make smth clearer or easier to understand ;

b) a small amount or example of smth that can be looked at or tried to see what it is like;

c) the act of making smth stronger, especially a feeling or an idea ;

d) connected with or situated on the outside of smth/smb ;

e) said, done or shown in an open or direct way, so that you do not doubt what is happening;

f) to come or develop from smth;

g) increasing or further improving the good quality, value or status of smb/smth ;

h) to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form ;

k) to form an idea of the cost, size, value etc. of smth, but without calculating it exactly;

l) suggested without being directly expressed.

  1. Make up sentences of your own with words from ex. 8

  1. Scan the text and find the passage that speaks about Artificial Intelligence. Translate it.

11. Read the text. Divide it into parts and think of their headings.

12. Make up the plan of the text and summarize information.

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