382
.pdf
. . , . .
-
, « ! » " ! «# " ! »
2011
621.391(075.8)22.172
34
# ":
- .-. , . . . ;- .-. , . . . ;- . , . !.!. "
. .
34 # $ : % &. & / . . , . . . — . : -. . '. , 2011. — 463, [1] . : .
ISBN 978-5-7038-3365-0
* + + $% + + . < + += - += $ , & + , + , + > + $ . ? + +@ @ @ . A % + > = % @ % %.? & + , & "-< + " % @ .
? % & @ & > = « $ », += + % #. .'. .
" % . ? &+ < , ? .
621.391(075.8)22.172
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© . ., . ., 2011 |
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© C . < |
ISBN 978-5-7038-3365-0 |
. .'. , 2011 |
$ 1. % |
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D < @ @ % & @ & — < > < + % = ? < -E<# $ . % % =? & > & - % $ , $ &+ < +, % ? . F + + # + & + -$ < + = [1—10].
= @ < ? ? + +% = [1, 2]: $% >, , @ @ +,(& < ), +& , + . * & + % % < > , = % % + > ( < <, E <, $ <), F — , > & , + % > - , : < @ & , , ?<" ( ) . * - + % = > , < > , + % = : -
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2 (-, 2- ), <# - |
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C < > |
& < @ , |
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< @ $ > < @ = .+ % = @ +, @ +, . * &E @ % -@ . * < -@ < + > , + + @-: + , ? + , % , % ,= — * , ? @& < @ , < @ , @ $ -> < @ =.
4 |
& |
@ E % = & &
< $ " % + % ( - = > % = -@ &H ) [11—18]. * & ? + $ + - @ @ : @ , = @ - , @ < @ . * + > =
@ , , < @ & , -
% + + = @ , >@ , @ % = + @ > . F + ? = @ , % + + @ , > ? @ $ - > > .
> +& +$ < &H -
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= > , # |
% # , |
% + |
+ < + |
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+ = [19—27].
< = @ + + -$ + .$ $ , +& , & $ . C + & %+ < . * + + @ - @ $ (*G') 2m, = + = @ - . C + + & + + +, ? - + $ % + = [4—9]. F +E % + & @ - @ $ ( G'). + E + , + & % + < -% = [26—34]. F + & - + $ % > , - E = [24—30]. + >= + $ , + " <? @ = , + , @ - = > , % +.
% = @ + > + + ,
& < + > < + |
> + + (FD *), - |
+ m, D-< + |
+, + - |
(–1, 1) [22—34]. D < + > + + @ + @ < +
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& < + @ . ? + ++ % % @ < -= + % & @ @ $ -. > @ .
F + > + +, = + -+= *G' & $ , - + @ > , % +
% ( & @ & , « - @ » % ). & <, % *G' & <" % (k > 3) & <" % +- , % < E % $> = =.
" #E = & % - " + = + $ & = . * + - +, + , % +& @ < @< , > #E @ + % + % , < ? = % = [28—32].
* & > < > -, ? . F. < , % , -
@ % k 3 [4]. * + + , & +> > < @ > @ & <- @ . * , & # + @- < + & . F & + + & < @ . * ? < & - & < + @ . F > < > ? + - > =, #E # & < . * & - ? & & < + @ . , % @ < + + @ #& < + . @ % -> @ < + @ . F ++ % + >, #E + $ -< + % @ < + -@ < + % $ .
= @ , += @ += +, & #E $ , - # < ? + & , $ % # @ > ? $ % = . C-@ #% ?
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& |
+ = + % , ? - + = < += @ += %+ . « += » % =, > < & & $ , #E % < - > # % + % + [19]. -, ? + < > < % + + < @ < + % > . @ += += ( !) % + @ $ [18—20]. @ , E<# ! ? < < # >@ , < + % +% + &H . % , -? @ ? <+ " , @ < % - > # & <, ? &+ < E<#= @ & ? , $= % - #E $> + @ , - #E $ + = .
* + < % > -@ < @ -$ =, = + = +. $ < @ % = , + > > @ $ -[32, 33]. F + + + >- = & , + = % + , + # < .
& ? # # -$ , #% #E = "< + +,& + % < @ % . & <"
< % # = . C & % % # &H =,@ + $ @ + > = , @ + = - @ % , < + $ .
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E & < > < @ < % + ? , ? — % = &- . C = +" < % @ #% + - % +% < + , -$ , > =, % -. [5].
* % < % + = % < =+, =# < +. * $ = @= E <
< , % $ [4, 6, 9].
E<# > + [4, 10, 16]& % < & # > #+ E =. *$ , -" & + % # -
+ $ + + . * $ &> & .
$ @ = -> & + < ? - , #E > , < % = , . . % = . -
% < |
% |
& ? |
& E + |
> . < |
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& = < =, = @ % -( . .1) :
% < > # > , #E &H ;
% + < +, . . < - < ;
% < > #, # ? < < -+ &H .
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. .1. % > - % =
% > , < @% = ( . . .1), % # --% , % % $ - % . % & - - % + > ,= & % = E =E [23]. * % = ?&" + < + =, <
& + < > , #E &H , < % . , - > # ? + = ( + @ & % , &+ + > < + = (C ) = % + + ). C # % < % < > +, E &H , - # $> # % @ , +
? & # $ > . - % % # < % = &- & $ < + + , & + &H . % = ? +& < -< < [24—27]. &H @ % "< % + .
& < < % @ -, % < @ &H + ( & +, E $ &H )
? , $ & @ -.
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* > #% $ :
1)&H ( <);
2)&H ;
3)<, #E # " #E @ &H -@ &H .
* ? , % += &H (, % @& <. + ( < + - ) < @ = &H ' — < &H-(. * > #% % + $. * += $ — $ $ , += @ - % + = & &H -@ . * < + ? & + , % ? - + E + % + &H -@ . &-% = @ &@ .
$ < + < += &H-. C = @« < + » $ , + <-# > - # + . % + < $@ $% ? = .
< $ E = @ , . . ? = & &H . ' > + . A ? + &+ < + % = &H - @ , + " ? &+ +. + ? % + - < =-& < @ , $ <-@ . K ? -+= < % -@ , $ < < .
L += $ #% % = - % + E<# = = < -& &E #E = &H , @ &. L &+ < E < , ? < , % — += %-= & &H . * > « @ ? » &-&E = > . ' & < % + < $ , " #E = ,
10 |
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@ &H & &E < - , % + @ & + .
— > % = > . ' % , %+ % + $+ > ? < =, - = . . * $ & &H " #% # , < " ., & ? + @ > , & + + &H " &, ? < #E > . & ,@ ? + & <" ?[5, 9, 10, 12, 14].
<" &H , % + =, ? &+ < -& % « ? ». ?- < + % E , -? $ , ? " ?= =. @ &H + & # % < ? = +. C &H # @ % - , % #E @ & = = @ ( , $ @ . ). = # + , @ % , - > < + > +, &H + &H + +. F-, > < ? < % @ -#&+ &H > % " = - > +% < =% =. < < & #- + @ >+ % = & , @
& E < E + |
& +, ? |
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> , @ |
% |
% $ - |
. |
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< |
@ + % @ - |
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% @ %-& + = = % = > =. % < % = > , <- + ? & & & @ # +- & + =. ? % -+ @ + & > .+ &H % = < > E - % . C ? &+ < @ :