Text 7a Transport for tomorrow
The text gives some information on transport for the future and innovations used in the car. The main problems connected with it are which vehicle to use and how we are going to use it.
To produce new generation cars we need highly developed electronics and new materials. Just 20 years ago the only electronic device in the car was radio. At present modern vehicles are provided with sophisticated electronic systems, such as electronic instrument panel, radar, 4-wheel control system and others.
Recently a new electronic device, a radar, has been developed in the USA. The main function of it is to detect all possible dangers in front of the car and warn the driver that the speed should go down and the driver should apply the breaks.
Speaking about a new generation car I’d like to say that it has been designed by a Japanese company. Many important parts of the car such as pistons, pressure rings, valves are made of new silicon materials, which can withstand temperatures up to 1,000oC, so the car doesn’t need a cooling system.
In conclusion I want to say that the number of innovations used in the car is great but it continues to grow and in the future we will have a perfect model.
Text 8a a New Era for Aircraft
The text gives information on the new generation passenger liners of the 21st century. The model of such a supersonic aircraft was demonstrated in Paris.
It’s interesting to note that the airliner looks like a rocket with its elongated fuselage and a sharp nose. The diameter of the fuselage is 4 metres and the overall length 100 metres. The cabin accommodates 300 passengers. The speed of a new liner is 5 or 6 times above the speed of sound.
It’s also interesting to say that the aircraft will be lightened by new composite materials used instead of the conventional metal alloys. Because of the extreme temperatures generated by atmospheric friction the aircraft will also require complicated cooling measures. One possibility is to use cryogenic fuel, such as liquid hydrogen both as coolant and propellant.
In conclusion I want to say that new generation aircrafts will have the longer distance of flight and higher level of safety and comfort.
Text 9a Descending to New Ocean Depths
The text gives information on some types of advanced manned submersibles. A submersible is a small , mobile undersea research vessel capable to function in the ocean depths. Submersibles are constructed in various sizes and shapes
Speaking about the shape of a new submersible I’d like to describe one of them. It has a spherical transparent plastic hull mounted on a metal platform that makes it look like underwater helicopter. Due to the cycloid rotor the helicopter can maneuver itself in the water like a sports car.
Nowadays the scientists are working over the project of the world’s deepest submersible. The ship will be driven by a battery-operated electric motor and stay under water up to 9 hours. This craft will be provided with colour video cameras and will collect samples by manipulating 2 robotic arms.
In conclusion I want to say that Russian, French, Japanese and American scientists and engineers are developing crafts which can submerge deeper, stay longer and perform difficult underwater tasks with extreme precision.
Text 10A Laser
Laser is one of the most sophisticated inventions of man. It is a device which produces an intensive beam of light of a very pure single colour. The name laser stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The strength of a laser is so great that it can vaporize the hardest and most heat resistant materials. It can make lead run like water.
Laser can be used in industry for cutting and piercing very hard materials such as metals, bricks, granite and even diamonds. But the most important use of laser is in telecommunications. It is used for recording, processing and transmitting large amounts of information. For example, a laser beam can transmit the whole text of Encyclopedia Britannica just in a few seconds.
There are different projects to use laser in science and industry. Nowadays scientists in different countries are working on a very interesting problem: combining laser and thermonuclear reaction for producing practically limitless source of energy.
In conclusion I’d like to say that all these projects will be realized and laser beam will become one of the main technological tools.