III. Grammar and writing

15. Form the comparative and the superlative degree of the following adjectives: great; small; wonderful; modern; attractive; famous; busy; high; impressive; bright.

16. Ask questions to the following statements.

1) The residence of the Mari President is located in Yoshkar-Ola.

2) Yoshkar-Ola is the administrative and political centre of the republic.

3) The "Yoshkar-Ola" hotel and the Government building are parts of the modern architectural ensemble.

4) A monument to V.I. Lenin reminds us of our past.

17. Put articles in sentences if it is necessary.

1) …Yoshkar-Ola with its modern architecture, green parks and boulevards is not so famous as …Moscow, …St. Petersburg, …Suzdal or …Novgorod but it is … wonderful city which history dates back to … 16th century.

2) Yoshkar-Ola is … administrative and… political centre of … republic.

3) … government of our republic occupies … 7-storey grey building in … Leninsky Prospect, one of … busiest thoroughfares of … city.

18. Write an essay on the proverb: East or West, home is best.

19. Write a reply to your friends. (100-140 words)

…Staying for at least a week and we were wondering if you could send us a list of interesting things to do and places to visit while we’re there. It’ll probably be early July. Will you be there then? It would be nice if we could meet up and go for a drink or a meal together. We’ve got all the tourist brochures, but we’d be really interested to hear the suggestions of someone who lives in the area.

IV. Speaking

1. Read the sentences and develop them into situations.

1. Yoshkar-Ola today is a centre of culture and science.

2. Yoshkar-Ola is especially beautiful in spring and summer.

21. Imagine that you receive a foreign visitor. You want to show him (her) your favourite places in the city. Speak of them.

22. Make up a dialogue between two people: one is a citizen of our Republic and the other is from another region who wants to know more about our Republic.

Unit 5. My future plans and ambitions

1. WORD STUDY

1. Read and learn new words and word combinations

employment	занятость
employer	работодатель
employee	подчиненный
salary	заработная плата
job	работы
career	карьера
opportunity	возможность
encourage	поощрять
success	успех
work-life balance	соотношение между временем, проведенным на работе и личным временем
availability	доступность
flexibility	гибкость
efficient	эффективный, выгодный
cost-effective	рентабельный
workstation	рабочее место
self-discipline	самодисциплина
staff	персонал
advertisement	реклама
personnel department	отдел кадров
applicant	претендент, соискать
qualification	квалификация
negotiable	могущий быть предметом переговоров
experience	опыт
vacant	вакантный
apply for	подавать заявление на
curriculum vitae	резюме
letter of application	сопроводительное письмо

2. Complete these definitions with jobs from the box

Software engineer, computer security specialist, blog administrator, help desk technician, DTP operator, hardware engineer, network administrator, webmaster

1. A … designs and develops IT devices.

2. A … writes computer programs.

3. A … edits and deletes posts made by contributors to a blog.

4. A … uses page layout software to prepare electronic files for publication.

5. A … manages the hardware and software that comprise a network.

6. A … designs and maintains websites.

7. A … works with companies to build secure computer systems.

8. A … helps end-users with their computer problems in person, by e-mail or over the phone.

3. List the areas of employment that you know of in electronics, for example, Broadcasting. List the types of jobs which are available in these areas, for example, Maintenance.

4. Fill in the gaps in this text. Each gap represents one word. Compare your answers with your partner. More than one answer is possible for many of the gaps.

Careers in electronics

We are now 1) … the midst of the technological revolution which started 2)… the introduction of the microchip in the 1970s. More and 3) … electronic goods are being sold, especially computers, radio telephones, and leisure products. At the 4) … time, new applications for electronics are 5) … found. Most domestic appliances now 6) … some form of electronic control. Petrol 7) … the filling station and cash at the bank 8) … dispensed by electronic means. Electronically-controlled pumps measure out drugs 9) … the chronically ill. Electronic ignition and fuel management 10) … standard on cars.

All of this means 11) … career opportunities in electronics are growing. More engineers are 12) … to design, plan, manufacture and install. Service engineers are particularly 13) … demand although for the most part they now replace panels 14) … than individual components. For today's college and university graduates in electronics, 15) … future is bright.

1. READING

1. Do you work at home or do you know anyone who does? Do you/they enjoy it?

2. Home working is generally on the increase. Why?

Read the article and find the following:

1. How long Sunjit has lived in England.

2. How long Sunjit has been working at home.

3. How many people work from home in Britain nowadays.

4. A reason why employers might encourage home working.

5. A disadvantage for an employee of working from home.

6. Three methods of communication mentioned by Sunjit.

Working-from-home dream now a reality

Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with a well-known publishing company. He lives lived in England since he was five. He lives in South London, and for the last three years he has been working from home. He prefers working from home because he can spend more time with his family and have a better work-life balance. Sunjit isn't alone: in Britain, there are 2.1 million people who work from home at present. In addition, about eight million people spend some time working in the home rather than in an office. This is almost twice as many as ten years ago.

This rapidly-growing trend towards working from home is the same in many countries. But what are the reasons for it? The main reason is technological: easy access to broadband and the availability of phone and video-conferencing. These enable people to use their home as an office in an efficient and cost-effective way.

Other reasons for home working are the benefits to both employers and employees: office space is costly, so if an organisation can reduce its workstations, it may be able to move to a smaller site. Employees often work better at home: travelling to work can be very time-consuming and tiring. Many home workers save a lot of time if they don't commute and they can start the day fresher and therefore work more efficiently; parents with young children appreciate the flexibility that home working allows and are more relaxed.

Sunjit Patel says, 'I have been working from home since my son was born and have been really enjoying it. But, I call tell you that home working requires special skills like self-discipline and time management. I've known my boss and colleagues for a long time now, which really helps because you've got to trust each other. You also need to have regular contact, by phone, email or video conferences, and you need 10 make regular trips to your office. Otherwise you really miss out on the gossip and on the social side of work.'

Not everyone agrees with Sunjit though. This response to a query about home working was recently posted on the Internet: The only people who can work from home are those who do an unnecessary job. Can surgeons work from home? Ambulance drivers? Firelighters? If you can work from home full-time, you have a pointless job.' Fortunately for Sunjit and the 2.1 million like him, not many people think that way!

4. Read the text and match the headings (a-h) with the paragraphs (1-7). There is an extra heading.

A. COMPUTING B. LEISURE PRODUCTS C. MECHANICS D. MEDICINE

E. MILITARY F. TELECOMMUNICATIONS G. AVIONICS H. INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

5. Read the sections your teacher selects for you. Then explain to the others in your group the career opportunities in those fields.

1. This type of electronic equipment has to be maintained to a very high standard with rigorous checks at set intervals. Service engineers are required to maintain on-board equipment such as radio, radar, and automatic flight path plotting equipment. Air traffic control equipment is maintained on the ground.

2. This is an area where competition between companies is considerable and technology is moving very quickly. With the increasing numbers of computers used in the office, the home, and as part of industrial and communications equipment, there is a growing need for engineers to design these as well as service them. On the software side, there is always a demand for programmers to design software for business use and for leisure. Almost every large business organization, like banks and insurance companies, runs several local area networks (LANs). These require network managers and maintenance and software support.

3. The reduction in political tension in recent years has meant cuts in the defense industry. Nevertheless, many countries are still developing sophisticated defense systems both for home use and for export. These systems require not only engineers to design them, but highly-skilled operators to man them and maintain them. Thus the armed services recruit and train numbers of electronics technicians and engineers. The major fields of defense electronics are: early warning systems, e.g. radar; detection systems; ranging, using radar and computers; weapons guidance, using computers; communications.

4. This type of electronics started with transducers which allowed remote monitoring of processes, especially those which involved high temperatures or dangerous equipment. Further developments allowed processes in a whole range of manufacturing fields – from food and drink production to garbage recycling – to be fully automated. The development of robotics has led to widespread application in the car manufacturing in particular. Everything from assembling to spraying the completed car can now be done without human assistance. Tedious and unpleasant jobs have disappeared. Automation has led to savings for the manufacturer but has also contributed to unemployment.

5. Society expects a wide range of electronic items for entertainment. This can be gauged by sales of radio, hi-fi equipment, television sets, compact disc players, video recorders, satellite receivers, etc. Engineers and technicians are required not only to design and manufacture these, but also to maintain them.

6. People today expect to be able to get in touch with each other at any time and in any place. The transmission of speech, text, and other data by cable and radio is a growing field of employment. Cell phones are an area of recent expansion. Engineers are employed to manufacture, plan, install, commission, and maintain this equipment. National and television stations employ broadcasting and sound engineers.

7. Recent years have seen a sharp increase in equipment for patient care. This ranges from body scanners to electronic stethoscopes. While the operation of this equipment is the responsibility of doctors, engineers are required to work with experts in the design of such equipment, in the installation of larger equipment, and in maintenance. Job satisfaction in this area can be high.

6. Using the information from the text and your own knowledge, discuss in your group the advantages and disadvantages of each field of employment.

7. Decide if the sentences are true (T) of false (F).

1. Aircraft electronic equipment checks are strictly planned.

2. Generally, electronic engineers are supposed not only to design the electronic equipment but also to service it.

3. The reduction in political tension resulted in the rapid development of complicated defense systems.

4. Reduction of expenditures and ability to decrease the rate of unemployment are the main advantages of industrial electronics development.

5. Both electrical engineers and medical experts are responsible for the design and maintenance of the medical equipment.

8. Read the advertisements.

Wanted engineering staff

Communicate, a go ahead company involved in the design, development, and production of VHF/ UHF communications equipment and accessories, are looking for engineers for the following jobs:

Trainee Service engineers (two posts)

Applicants should either have practical knowledge in RF communications or have qualifications in the fields of electronics with / without practical knowledge. Salary: negotiable, depending on experience.

Service engineer

Applicant should have at least two years experience in servicing VHF/ UHF communications equipment down to component level. The successful applicant will be servicing land mobile, marine, and amateur radio products. Salary: according to experience.

Analogue RF design / development engineer

Applicants should have an HNC or BSc in Electronics or Telecommunications and should have experience in RF product design with an understanding of mechanical assembly. Salary: according to qualifications and experience.

CVs for the attention of: Mr. Clark

Head of Personnel

Communicate (UK) Limited

Tradescant House

Lewis Avenue

London NW31BR

9. Study the job advertisement above. Answer these questions:

1. What is the name of the company?

2. What are its activities?

3. Where is the company based?

4. How many posts are vacant?

5. Which posts are available to those without experience?

6. How do you apply for a post?

7. Who is Mr Clark?

8. What salaries are offered?

1. LISTENING

10. Listen to four people on a training course introducing themselves and talking about their jobs. Which job does each person do?

Speaker 1	Speaker 2	Speaker 3	Speaker 4

1. GRAMMAR AND WRITING

11. Use the words in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.

Working abroad

Going to work abroad can prove to be quite a 0 valuable (value) experience. Learning how to adjust to 1... (foreigner) cultures is both character building and strengthening. Many people who give in to the 2… (tempt) of living abroad, do so in search of a more 3...(adventure) life. However, the whole concept of leaving your home country must be 4... (care) thought out. Problems such as finding 5…(accommodate) and 6...(immigrate) procedures should be considered well in advance. For the first few weeks abroad, you may feel terribly 7... (loneliness) and homesick. 8... (communicate) problems may also lead to unnecessary 9...(understanding) with the locals, so it is always useful to 10...(familiar) yourself with both the language of the country and its customs before you go.

12. Must/Should and Job Requirements

• We can describe the essential requirements like this:

You must have a degree or diploma in IT.

You must be physically fit.

• Note the meaning of the negative form:

You mustn’t be colour-blind. (It’s a requirement not to be colour blind.)

• We can describe desirable requirements like this:

You should have good organizational skills.

You should be able to cope with long hours.

Write sentences to describe the requirements for jobs 1-3.

(vv = essential, v = desirable, x = requirement not to be)

Satellite Technician

1 diploma in engineering

2 good team player

3 good communication skills

4 physically fit

5 afraid of heights

6 colour-blind

Engineering Construction Technician

1 certificate or diploma in engineering

2 good mathematical and computing skills

3 willing to travel

4 able to explain complex requirements in clear terms

Offshore Petroleum Engineer

1 diploma or degree in petroleum engineering

2 willing to travel

3 willing to spend long periods in difficult environments

4 good communicator

5 able to supervise others

13. Write a brief description of your career plans, using information of your own and from this unit.

14. Write a letter of application for one of the jobs advertised in this unit. Base your letter on the one shown in Appendix III.

1. SPEAKING

15. Discuss in your group what you should and should not do when invited for interview by a company. Write out your advice in note form like this: You should / You should not.

16. Work in pairs, A and B.

Student A: Play the part of Mr. Clark. Write five questions to ask Charles Dunkin at his interview.

Student B: Play the part of Charles. Write five questions you think Mr. Clark might ask you at your interview. Prepare suitable answers. Conduct the interview.

17. Role-play the situations. Choose one of these people to be an applicant.

1. A technician with experience in servicing hospital equipment.

2. An engineer who would like to work in broadcasting.

3. Someone who wants a job which provides a car.

4. Someone who wants a job with a lot of travelling.

5. An engineer who wants to work in the USA.

6. Someone who wants to work in developing countries and who does not require.

7. A technician with experience in servicing all kinds of communications equipment.

8. An electronics engineer who wants to work in Europe and who speaks English, Italian, and German.