- •III. Исправление работы на основе рецензий
- •IV. Подготовка к экзаменам
- •Контрольное задание №1
- •Вариант № 1
- •I. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на особенности модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
- •II. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык:
- •III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту: The Microwave Oven
- •Тест по тексту
- •3.1. At first the microwave oven was used in places where ….
- •B) fast food had to be cooked
- •Вариант № 2
- •I. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на особенности модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
- •II. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык:
- •III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту:
- •Mechanical properties of materials
- •Тест по тексту
- •3.1. All materials respond to external forces … .
- •B) by elastic deformation
- •Контрольное задание № 2
- •Вариант № 1
- •I. Выпишите предложения в которых инфинитив является обстоятельством и переведите их на русский язык.
- •II. Выпишите предложения, содержащие герундий и переведите их на русский язык.
- •III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту: Applications of Automation and Robotics in Industry
- •Тест по тексту
- •Вариант № 2
- •I. Выпишите предложения в которых инфинитив является обстоятельством и переведите их на русский язык.
- •II. Выпишите предложения, содержащие герундий. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
- •III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту: automated production lines
- •Тест по тексту
- •Т е к с т ы д л я ч т е н и я
- •2. Automation
- •3. Agricultural mashinery
- •Implements for Growing Crops
- •4. Electrical and electronics engineering
- •5. Hardware
- •Input hardware
- •Processing hardware
II. Выберите правильный ответ, обращая внимание на видовременную форму и залог сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык:
2.1. We … new multipurpose machine tools last week.
get
got
will get
2.2. The experimental line …for two hours on Wednesday.
is working
works
will be working
2.3. The tests … by the end of the week.
will have been carried out
will carrying out
are carried out
2.4. Usually all these metal parts … automatically.
were cut
are cut
are being cut
2.5. The accuracy of machine tools … from year to year.
will be improved
are improving
will improve
2.6. They … the results of their research from 4 to 6 o’clock yesterday.
analysed
were analyzing
were analysed
2.7. We … this project for 2 years.
were developed
has been developing
have been developing
III. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, затем выполните тест по тексту:
Mechanical properties of materials
Materials Science and Technology is the study of materials and how they can be fabricated to meet the needs of modern technology. Using the laboratory techniques and knowledge of physics, chemistry, and metallurgy, scientists are finding new ways of using metals, plastics and other materials.
Engineers must know how materials respond to external forces, such as tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear. All materials respond to these forces by elastic deformation. That is, the materials return their original size and form when the external force disappears. The materials may also have permanent deformation or they may fracture. The results of external forces are creep and fatigue.
Compression is a pressure causing a decrease in volume. When a material is subjected to a bending, shearing, or torsion (twisting) force, both tensile and compressive forces are simultaneously at work. When a metal bar is bent, one side of it is stretched and subjected to a tensional force, and the other side is compressed.
Tension is a pulling force; for example, the force in a cable holding a weight. Under tension, a material usually stretches, returning to its original length if the force does not exceed the material's elastic limit. Under larger tensions, the material does not return completely to its original condition, and under greater forces the material ruptures.
Fatigue is the growth of cracks under stress. It occurs when a mechanical part is subjected to a repeated or cyclic stress, such as vibration. Even when the maximum stress never exceeds the elastic limit, failure of the material can occur even after a short time. No deformation is seen during fatigue, but small-localized cracks develop and propagate through the material until the remaining cross-sectional area cannot support the maximum stress of the cyclic force.
Creep is a slow, permanent deformation that results from steady force acting on a material. Materials at high temperatures usually suffer from this deformation. The gradual loosening of bolts and the deformation of components of machines and engines are all the examples of creep.
bar — брусок, прут fracture- перелом, излом
compression — сжатие tension - напряженность
creep — ползучесть torsion - кручение
fatigue - усталость металла twisting - закручивание, изгиб
rupture – разрыв