Unit 2 the development of press organs

Section 1 Listening comprehension

Exercise 1 Listen to Paolo talking to his teacher about some techniques to help him assess his progress in learning English (tapescript 3). Did you do anything of the things mentioned? Analyse your work at English in the previous unit, find your weak and strong points. Make an individual improvement plan in English studying for this unit.

Section 2 Reading materials

Prereading exercises:

Exercise 1 Answer the following questions.

1 Do you know anything about the development of press organs? 2 What exactly do you know? 3 Where have you found out this information? 4 What British newspapers and magazines do you know?

Exercise 2 Read the topical vocabulary and find out what words are new for you. Try to remember them. Use the new methods you have found out which you suppose to be effective for words learning.

Unit 2 The topical vocabulary

Adopt – v приймати, засвоювати, переймати, запозичувати

adoption – п ухвалення, засвоєння

advertise – v рекламувати

advertisement – n оголошення, реклама

advertiser – n рекламодавець

aim – v прагнути, ставити за мету

ambition – n прагнення, мета, мрія

announcement – n об’ява, оголошення, сповіщення, повідомлення

archetypal /a:kΙˈtaΙpəl/ – а первинний

breadth – n ширина, широта світогляду

cheap – а дешевий, недорогий

circulate /ˈsə:kju:leΙt/ – v поширювати, тиражувати

column – n стовпець (у газеті), шпальта, постійний розділ

contain – v містити

conventional – а пристойний, ввічливий, світський

cost – v коштувати

cost – n вартість

cover – п палітурка

coverage – п висвітлення у пресі, на радіо

create – v створювати, творити

creator – n творець, автор

daily – n щоденна газета

devote – v присвячувати

devoted – а присвячений

divide – v розділяти, підрозділяти

division – n розподіл, частина, розділ

distribute – v поширювати

distribution – n розповсюдження

earn /ə:n/ – v заробляти, заслуговувати

estimate – v оцінювати

event – n подія, випадок

eventful – а повний, багатий подіями

eventless – а бідний подіями

exceed – v перевищувати, перевершувати

flavour /ˈfleΙvə/ – n смак, відтінок, особливість

goods – n товари

incline – v бути розташованим

inclination – п нахил, відхилення, схильність

income – n прибуток

local – а місцевий

glоssy /ˈglosi/ – а блискучий, глянцевий

gossip – n плітки, базікання

mail – n пошта

message – n повідомлення

nationwide – а всенародний, загальнонаціональний

obvious /ˈobviəs/ – а явний, очевидний

offensive – а образливий

penetrate /ˈpenitreit/ – v проникати

poverty /ˈpovəti/ – n бідність, убогість

роor – а бідний

profit – п вигода, користь, прибуток

profit – v мати користь

prosper – v процвітати

prosperity – n процвітання, добробут

provide – v забезпечувати

providence – n передбачливість, обережність

quality – n якість, сорт

range – n ряд, мета, лінія

range – v класифікувати, вибудовувати в ряд

respond /risˈpond/ – v відповідати, реагувати

round – n обхід, коло, цикл

sensitive – а чутливий, вразливий

share – п частка, частина

share – v ділитися, брати участь, розділяти

spread – v розповсюдження, зростання, збільшення

suffer – v страждати, зазнати втрат

support – v підтримувати, містити

thrive /θraiv/ – v процвітати, досягти успіху

TEXT A THE BRITISH PRESS

Task: read the text, translate it into Ukrainian.

Today, the daily newspapers of Britain can be divided very easily into two groups. The first group consists of the «quality» newspapers, which provide their readers with important political and other news of the day at home and abroad. These papers include The Times and The Daily Telegraph of London. The Guardian of Manchester, and a lot of other newspapers published outside London. Most of these newspapers have a circulation of only between 100,000 and 300,000, and The Daily Telegraph has a circulation of about a million. The great majority of these newspapers are strongly conservative in their politics, but they report fairly fully on political events, so that an intelligent reader can form some idea of what is going on in the world.

The second group of newspapers consists of the «popular» press. They do not report important world events. If a political story is sensational enough they will report it. Most of their space is devoted to what only can be described as gossip and personality. Film stars' babies, murder cases, and divorces often take most of place in their columns. These «popular» papers include the Daily Express and the Daily Mirror both with circulation of over four million daily and the Daily Mail, the Daily Sketch with circulation of between one million and two. For every Englishman who reads one of the «serious» newspapers there are ten others who read the «popular» newspapers.

Big business advertisers have an enormous effect on the major part of the British daily press. It happens because it costs much more to print and distribute each copy of a paper than the pays for this copy. The publishers of the popular newspapers are in the business for the profits which they can make. They do not want to work at a loss, so they sell whole pages, half pages, and smaller space in their newspapers to the advertisers for them to make propaganda for their goods. The income from such advertisements is enormous: a full page advertisement in the Daily Express costs the advertiser £ 10,000. The advertiser is only ready to pay this very large sum of money because he knows that his advertisement will be read by at least four million people.

Postreading exercises:

Exercise 1 Read the international words and guess their meaning. Mind the stress.

'classify po'litical illus'tration

'capitalism con'servative coope'ration

'music in'telligent propa'ganda

'channel sen'sation corpo'ration

'group dis'cussion perso'nalities

Exercise 2 Memorize the following pairs of derivatives: