Inpatient Treatment
The general practitioner refers a patient to the hospital in case his state is too serious to be coped with in the polyclinic. Emergencies are taken to the hospital even without the family doctor's recommendation. List patients are normally admitted straight to the department
or ward concerned.
On admission the patient's history is taken as part
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of the clinical case-taking. This includes complete physical examination and laboratory studies, the systematic classification of the common symptoms and signs as well as compilation of the patient's case record (clinical notes). Apart from the patient's personal data (name - both Christian and surname, address, age, social status, occupation etc.) the case record should contain the date of admission and discharge, the historian's name and diagnosis.
The basic component unit of the inpatient department is called the ward where palienis are admitted for treatment. A ward unit consists of rooms for patients, a treatment room, sisters' room, bathrooms and lavatories. In charge of each ward is the ward sister. The duties of the nursing staff include dressing wounds, giving out medicines, taking the temperature, managing transfusions, conducting certain investigations and. in general, carrying out medical orders.
The patients are seen daily by the medical staff, usually during the morning ward round. Most of the operations are also performed during the morning; the place is the operating theatre with the surgeon being assisted - among other staff- by the instrumental sister and theatre sister.
Some large hospitals include an accident unit, an intensive care unit, a chest surgery unit, a head injuries unit, plastic surgery and burns units, a rehabilitation department, a department of physiotherapy, a blood transfusion department, and other special purpose units.
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Answer the questions:
1 In what case does the GP refer a patient to the hospital?
2 What does clinical case-taking involve?
3 What is a ward?
4 What does a ward unit consist of?
5 What does the term “morning round” mean?
6 What units do the large hospitals include?
Cells
The human body is composed entirely of cells, the products of cells, and various fluids. These cells represent the basic structural units of the body; they are the building blocks from which all larger parts are formed. They are also the functional units, because whatever a body part can do is the result of activities within its cells.
Cells account for the shape, organization, and construction of the body and carry on its life processes. In addition, they can reproduce and thus provide the new cells needed for growth, development, and the replacement of worn and injured tissues.
A human cell is made of two main components: the nucleus and cytoplasm. The nucleus contains DNA and is responsible for giving the cell instructions and passing on hereditary information. Cytoplasm contains
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the nucleus and makes up the body of the cell. It is responsible for movement, protein production, and converting substances into chemical energy.