Russian nobel prizewinners
Every year, six Nobel prizes are awarded for outstanding work in science, literature, economics and the promotion of peace. This international prize was founded by the Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel, who invented dynamite and built up companies and laboratories in countries all over the world.
Many Russians have been nominated for the Nobel Prize since it started in 1901 and 19 of them have received the Nobel Prize for their outstanding contributions, particularly in the field of physics, but also in other areas.
The first Russian Nobel winner for medicine (1904) was Ivan Pavlov. He made many remarkable discoveries about blood circulation and the central nervous system and he discovered the conditioned reflex through his research on the digestive system. His experiments on dogs had a great impact on behavioural psychology.
Mickail Sholokhov, the outstanding 20th century Russian writer, wrote and published a number of short stories while completing his most famous work And Quiet Flows the Don, which took him fourteen years to finish. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965.
In 1978, Russian physicist Pyotr Kapitza shared the Nobel Prize in Physics. He founded the Institute for Physical Problems in Moscow, and he was the oldest scientist ever to win the award.
The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded over the years to individuals and organizations that work actively for peace and greater understanding. It was suspended during both World Wars. It has been awarded to Russian physicist and civil rights campaigner Andrei Sakharov (1975) and to Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev (1990).
1. □ The Nobel Prize is awarded annually.
2. □ Ilya Mechnikov is the only Russian who has won the Nobel
prize for medicine.
3. □ Pavlov’s work promoted the development of psychology.
4. □ Pyotr Kapitza was the only physicist to be awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1978.
5. □ The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded annually since 1901.
6. □ Two Russians have been the Nobel Peace Prize winners.
Test 1
23. Put in the numbers of descriptions of Russian Nobel Prizewinners 1-5
in the right boxes.
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Nobel Prizewinners |
Boris Pasternak |
Ivan Bunin |
Alexander Solzhenitsyn |
Nikolay Semuonov |
Nikolay Basov and Alexan-der Prokho-rov |
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1. A Russian writer wrote “The Gentleman from San Francisco”,
which won him a Nobel Prize in 1933.
2. In 1964, two Russian physicists shared the Nobel Prize in Physics
with Charles Touwns from the USA.
3. Many of his works are autobiographical, he was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Literature in 1970.
4. He made a great contribution to the study of chemical chain
reactions, and in 1956 he became the first Russian to gain the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
5. A Russian poet and novelist is also known for his translations of
Shakespeare’s tragedies; in 1957 he wrote the novel “Doctor
Zhivago”, which was followed by a Nobel Prize.
Test 2
24. Read and complete the dialogue with the phrases given.
OK. Yes, it was. Red Square and the Kremlin. Of course, we will. You see. Of course not. I see. Spasskaya.
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Misha: You haven’t forgotten we are going sightseeing today? Colin: _____. What will be the starting point of our sightseeing? Misha: _____. I think it is the most interesting place in Moscow. Colin: When was it built? Misha: _____, Moscow began with the Kremlin. And it was founded in 1147. Colin: I was told that the Kremlin had been rebuilt many times. |
Misha: _____. Originally the Kremlin was a fortress. Colin: _____, its walls are very high and thick. What is the biggest tower of the Kremlin? Misha: _____. It often serves as a symbol of the country. We can hear the bells of the clock on the radio. Colin: Just like Big Ben in London. Can we go inside the Kremlin? Misha: _____. You’ll see many interesting things there. Colin: _____. Let’s go. |