Vocabulary and Grammar exercise to Topic “Forms of Business Ownership”

I. Переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие местоимения it, one, that и those в разных значениях.

1. That company was established as a sole proprietorship.

2. It was technological development and specialization that influences the development of corporations.

3. The fact the stockholders must also pay taxes on the income is considered as a drawback of the corporate form of ownership.

4. It is at the age of 65 that people in many European countries can retire.

5. The shares of corporations are sold to those who are interested in investing and risking their money in the enterprise.

6. One should know that each partner is liable for the debts of the business.

7. Salaries paid to the managers in large corporations are higher than those in partnerships.

8. It is the sole proprietorship that allows the owner to obtain all the profits and to control the business personally.

9. It is important that large corporations invest money in research.

10. The owner’s liability in the sole proprietorship for of business is greater than that in other forms of ownership.

11. It is the corporation that is the most common form of business in the USA.

12. It is possible for a large corporation to pay high dividends on the shares.

13. One of the partners wishes to retire. It will lead to dissolving the partnership contract.

14. It is not easy to run a large company if it is a sole proprietorship.

15. It is the double taxation of profits that is considered to be one of the disadvantages of the corporation.

II. Замените выделенные курсивом русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами.

1. Being the oldest form of business, (единоличная форма собственности) is the main form of (собственности) in farming, building, repairing work and (личных услугах) such as hairdressing, selling, etc. (Владелец) provides complete control over the business, its loans, capital and policies.

2. The lawyers of the corporation are (лично ответственны) of the corporation.

3. The establishment of a company’s subsidiary (дочерняя) in another country has both (преимущества) and (недостатки). The latter result from (двойного налогообложения) of the company’s income in each country, that is, at home and abroad.

4. To run a business one should (нанять на работу) a professional manager.

5. If the owner of the (товарищества уходит на пенсию) or serious disagreement between the (партнерами) takes place, it usually leads to (ликвидации компании).

6. (Ограниченная ответственность) of the shareholders is sure to be one of the major benefits of any corporation.

III. А) Подберите определения к следующим словам: income, revenue, profit, gain, benefit. Обратите внимание, что на русский язык они часто переводятся как синонимы «прибыль» доход».

1. An increase in amount, increase in wealth.

2. The money gained in a business transaction, especially the difference between the amount earned and the amount spent. It is often calculated as the excess of revenues over costs.

3. The money received from the work done, or from the money invested (as interest), or from the property owned (as rent).

4. Something equals to advantage.

5. The amount a firm earns by selling goods or services in a given period such as a year.

б) Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

to make a profit, total income, commercial profit, average income, net gain, expected gain,

dividend income, rise in profits, a consumer income, a fall in profits, export income, trade

benefits, advertising profit, interest income, financial benefit, national income, surplus

revenue, capital nontaxable income, mutual benefit, per capita income, tax revenue,

additional benefits, rent income, capital gain, retained income.

в) Замените русские слова в скобках их английскими эквивалентами.

1. There are several ways for increasing economic growth but the growth brings problems as well as (прибыли.доходы).

2. The company’s (чистая прибыль) can increase by 20 per cent if a tax is reduced.

3. Part of the (ежегодного дохода компании) was not paid out to stockholders as dividends and was left as (нераспределенная прибыль), which would provide capital for the company’s growth next year.

4. (Общий доход) includes the money obtained by the company from all sources.

5. (Доход от рекламы) is reported to exceed greatly (торговую прибыль) in many cases.

6. One should think of offering customers some additional () from rendered services or products.

7. Tax of 12 per cent was paid on the (годовой доход) not exceeding 20,000 roubles in 1999.

8. They obtained (прибыль) of two roubles on each book they sell.

9. They company’s (чистая прибыль) rose from $10,000 million to $15,000 million in the first year.

10. (Средний доход на душу населения) is constantly decreasing nowadays.