- •From the history of building
- •In a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concrete to the position
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Переведите на русский язык следующие цепочки слов, обращая внимание на словообразовательные суффиксы:
- •Building materials
- •1) Main building materials such as rocks and artificial stones, timber and metals.
- •2) Binding materials such as lime, gypsum and cement.
- •3) Secondary or auxiliary materials which are used for the interior parts of the buildings.
- •Упражнения к тексту “building materials”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •IV. Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:
- •Упражнения к тексту “timber”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Закончите следующие предложения, в соответствии с текстом. Предложения переведите.
- •Упражнения к тексту “stone”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца. Дайте русский перевод данных синонимов.
- •V. Используя слова и предложения из текста докажите что:
- •3. Stone is one of the most valuable materials.
- •Metals and concrete
- •Упражнения к тексту “metals and concrete”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца.
- •III. Закончите следующие предложения, используя английские эквиваленты из текста. Полученные предложения переведите на русский язык.
- •I. Прочитайте и переведите выделенные в тексте слова и выражения.
- •II. Прочитайте и определите, какие предложения относятся к а) дереву, б) кирпичу, в) пластику г) бетону. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
- •II. Закончите предложения о металле, слоистом пластике и пеностекле в соответствии с текстом. Предложения переведите.
- •Aggregates for concrete
- •Слова и выражения к тексту
- •Ancient wonders of the world
- •Plastics
- •From the history of concrete
- •Cliches for resume
- •Grammar material control work n 1
- •I. Слово с окончанием ”s”
- •Б) личное местоимение в именительном падеже (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) показывает,что следующее за ним слова – сказуемое
- •II. Cуществительное в форме определения
- •III. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •IV. Таблица производных слов от some, any, no
- •1. Some (thing), (body, one), where в утвердительных предложениях
- •V. Времена группы simple
- •Структура специальных вопросов
- •Grammar exercises control work n 1
- •II. Перевести предложения, обращая внимание на перевод определений, выраженных именем существительным.
- •Защита контрольной работы n 1
- •II. Read the text below. For question1-10 choose the answer (a, b or c) which you think fits best according to the text. From the history of human dwelling
- •V. Словарь строительных терминов.
- •Control work n 2
- •1. A) Употребление временных форм глагола в действительном залоге
- •B) страдательный залог
- •Употребление временных форм глагола в страдательном залоге
- •II. Participle
- •III. Modal verbs
- •Grammar exercises
- •Защита 2 контрольной работы специальности пгс и гсх
- •The knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries.
- •II. Read the text below. For question1-10 choose the answer (a, b or c) which you think fits best according to the text. From the history of house construction
- •Text 1. Ceramic tiles
- •1. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate. Let him/her answer them.
- •Text 2. Terracotta
- •Text3. Wood
- •Text4.. Wood products
- •Text5. From the history of metals
- •1. Answer the questions given below. Try to do it without consulting the text of the article.
- •Text 6. Steel
- •Text 7. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
- •8. Aluminum. Alumina
Text 6. Steel
Read the article and answer the questions after the text.
What is steel as a construction material? Steel may be classified as iron with the controlled amount of carbon. The amount of carbon in steel is generally less than 1.7 per cent. Ordinary structural steel should contain less than three tenth of one per cent carbon. This kind of steel also contains small amounts of phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen and silicon. Like iron and its alloys, steel belongs to ferrous metals. It is a hard substance. Accordingly, it can be pulled, forged, and melted. Generally, steel, this strong metal, like other metals, is a good conductor of electricity. Alloyed steel and stainless steel are corrosion-resistant kinds of steel. Corrosion-resistant materials are known lo be widely used for plant equipment, furnaces, valves, etc.
It should be noted that steel frames as a whole and their separate parts should be carefully designed: their function is to be able to carry the loads imposed on them and supported by them.
What group of metals does steel belong to?
What substances can steel contain?
What amount of carbon does steel generally contain?
What materials can be used for producing plant equipment?
What is the construction purpose of steel frames? For what reason must they be carefully designed?
Read and translate the text
Text 7. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
All metals, with the exception of mercury (ртуть), are hard- and fire-resistant. The common properties of metals being hardness and high fire-resistance, they are widely used in modern construction.
Metals are divided into two main groups: ferrous and non-ferrous. Iron, steel and their various alloys belong to the group of ferrous metals, while the main component of non-ferrous metals is not iron.
All metals have some common properties: they can be pulled, forged, and melted. They are also good conductors of electricity.
Ferrous metals are commonly used for construction of supporting members. Steel and other ferrous metals serve as reinforcement in ferroconcrete constructions.
As to non-ferrous metals, their advantage is their being light. They are also good conductors of electricity, copper being the best one. Metals possess high resistance.
Read and translate the text.
8. Aluminum. Alumina
Aluminum is a considerably new structural material. For a long period it was considered to be rather expensive since its production required the use of electric power. Because of its relatively high cost, aluminum was not very popular as a construction material till the middle of the twentieth century. But now the situation is absolutely different.
Aluminum and aluminum-based alloys are extremely popular and are widely used in various forms for construction purposes.
The advantages of aluminum, compared with other popular metals, are its high strength combined with lightness. High-purity aluminum (about 99% pure) is soft and ductile but its great disadvantage is that it is not strong enough. At the same time it has high corrosion resistance and is used in construction of buildings as bright foil for heat insulation, roofing, exterior and interior architectural ornamentation.
And what about aluminum alloys? They are much more advantageous than pure substance, Aluminum alloys are much harder and stronger than pure aluminum. Besides, pure aluminum is rather difficult to cast while many of its alloys are extremely easily cast. Pure aluminum is easily alloyed with other metals. And these combinations possess a great variety of usage. For example, when alloyed with copper, aluminum possesses additional strength. Unfortunately, it is much less corrosion resistive than alloys with manganese, chromium, or magnesium and silicon.
One more advantage of aluminum is that it can be easily remelted over and over again.
Aluminum combined with oxygen forms a new oxide. Its name is alumina. Alumina is a colourless crystallic substance. It is glass hard, solid and extremely durable.
It should be also noted that being an excellent conductor aluminum is widely used in power engineering. It serves for long-distance transfer of electric power.
. Pair work. Have a talk with your groupmate. Use the questions given below.
Why was aluminum unpopular for a long period?
What good qualities does aluminum possess?
Where is aluminum in the form of bright foil used?
What are the advantages of aluminum alloys?
Can aluminum be remelted?
In what way is alumina produced?
What are its properties?
What does aluminum serve in power engineering for?