- •From the history of building
- •In a period of 800 to 900 years the Romans developed concrete to the position
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Переведите на русский язык следующие цепочки слов, обращая внимание на словообразовательные суффиксы:
- •Building materials
- •1) Main building materials such as rocks and artificial stones, timber and metals.
- •2) Binding materials such as lime, gypsum and cement.
- •3) Secondary or auxiliary materials which are used for the interior parts of the buildings.
- •Упражнения к тексту “building materials”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •IV. Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста:
- •Упражнения к тексту “timber”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Закончите следующие предложения, в соответствии с текстом. Предложения переведите.
- •Упражнения к тексту “stone”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца
- •III. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца. Дайте русский перевод данных синонимов.
- •V. Используя слова и предложения из текста докажите что:
- •3. Stone is one of the most valuable materials.
- •Metals and concrete
- •Упражнения к тексту “metals and concrete”
- •I. К каждой данной паре слов вспомните русское слово с тем же корнем, что и английское:
- •II. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца.
- •III. Закончите следующие предложения, используя английские эквиваленты из текста. Полученные предложения переведите на русский язык.
- •I. Прочитайте и переведите выделенные в тексте слова и выражения.
- •II. Прочитайте и определите, какие предложения относятся к а) дереву, б) кирпичу, в) пластику г) бетону. Предложения переведите на русский язык.
- •II. Закончите предложения о металле, слоистом пластике и пеностекле в соответствии с текстом. Предложения переведите.
- •Aggregates for concrete
- •Слова и выражения к тексту
- •Ancient wonders of the world
- •Plastics
- •From the history of concrete
- •Cliches for resume
- •Grammar material control work n 1
- •I. Слово с окончанием ”s”
- •Б) личное местоимение в именительном падеже (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) показывает,что следующее за ним слова – сказуемое
- •II. Cуществительное в форме определения
- •III. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
- •IV. Таблица производных слов от some, any, no
- •1. Some (thing), (body, one), where в утвердительных предложениях
- •V. Времена группы simple
- •Структура специальных вопросов
- •Grammar exercises control work n 1
- •II. Перевести предложения, обращая внимание на перевод определений, выраженных именем существительным.
- •Защита контрольной работы n 1
- •II. Read the text below. For question1-10 choose the answer (a, b or c) which you think fits best according to the text. From the history of human dwelling
- •V. Словарь строительных терминов.
- •Control work n 2
- •1. A) Употребление временных форм глагола в действительном залоге
- •B) страдательный залог
- •Употребление временных форм глагола в страдательном залоге
- •II. Participle
- •III. Modal verbs
- •Grammar exercises
- •Защита 2 контрольной работы специальности пгс и гсх
- •The knowledge of how to make durable concrete has been lost for centuries.
- •II. Read the text below. For question1-10 choose the answer (a, b or c) which you think fits best according to the text. From the history of house construction
- •Text 1. Ceramic tiles
- •1. Pair work. Put these questions to your groupmate. Let him/her answer them.
- •Text 2. Terracotta
- •Text3. Wood
- •Text4.. Wood products
- •Text5. From the history of metals
- •1. Answer the questions given below. Try to do it without consulting the text of the article.
- •Text 6. Steel
- •Text 7. Ferrous and non-ferrous metals
- •8. Aluminum. Alumina
Text4.. Wood products
Wood used for construction purposes is usually changed into laminated wood or wood panel products. Large structural wooden members are produced by glueing small strips of wood together.
Wood in panel form is more advantageous for many building purposes than boards. Why is it so? First of all, because wood panels are much easier to install than boards. They require much less labour for the process of installation. Besides, swelling (набухание) and splitting (расщепление) in panels are greatly decreased compared with boards. As to plywood panels, they are made up of thin wooden veneers glued together. It is of great importance to note that when wooden structures are designed the future stresses of their structural members must be predetermined.
Does wood as a structural material have only advantages? If not, what are its disadvantages?
Is wood a strong building material? If not, why?
V Does the water content in the cut wood increase or decrease?
What forms is wood changed into? And for what purposes? Compare wood in panel forms with boards. What do they differ in?
What elements are plywood panels made up of?
Read and translate the text.
Text5. From the history of metals
Metals began to be widely used as construction materials not so long iigo. Before the beginning of the nineteenth century metals played little structural role in the process of building. Mostly they served for joining parts of buildings. The ancient Greeks and Romans are known to use bronze for joining slabs of stone.
It was only in the eighteenth century when the first all-metal structure was built in Europe. It was a cast-iron bridge across the river Severn in England. The strength of the bridge turned out to be so great that now, more than two centuries after its construction, it still carries heavy modern traffic across the Severn.
In the first half of the nineteenth century cast iron and wrought iron were introduced and used for industrial construction in Europe and North America. Steel was not widely used, being considered a rare and expensive building material. Inexpensive steel first began to be produced and used only with the invention of the Bessemer process, in the 1850s. From that period on, metal started to be used as rather popular and useful building material. The famous Eiffel Tower of Paris was constructed of wrought iron in 1889. By that period several steel frame skyscrapers had already been built in the United States. That was the beginning of the new era; a new highly useful and popular construction material had been born and introduced into building industry.
1. Answer the questions given below. Try to do it without consulting the text of the article.
For what purposes were metals mostly used before the beginning of the nineteenth century?
What did ancient Greeks and Romans use bronze for?
When and where was the first all-metal structure built? What can you say about its present-day condition?
What kinds of iron were introduced in the first half of the nineteenth century?
Why was steel as a building material unpopular for a long period?
What is the essence of the Bessemer process?
What was the global result of its invention?
What material is the famous Eiffel Tower constructed of?
In what country were the first skyscrapers built?
10. Are they good to live in? Would you like to live in a skyscraper?