Употребление временных форм глагола в страдательном залоге

Passive Voice

Инфинитив Время	Simple be +Participle II (Ved или 3 форма глагола)	Continuous Be+being+Participle II	Pertfect have+been+Part.II
Present	am is asked, are written	am is being asked, are written	Have Has been asked, written
Past	was asked, were written	was being asked, were written	had been asked, written
Future	will be asked written	-	will have asked, written

Note: 1. О переводе глагола-сказуемого и подлежащего в страдательном

залоге смотрите на стр. 20

2. Continuous Passive переводится:

The house is being built – Дом строится (дом строят).

The house was being built - Дом строился

Дом строили (что делали?)

3. Perfect Passive переводится:

The house has been built – Дом (что сделали?) построили

Дом был построен.

Exercise I. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на время и залог сказуемого.

1. The work on the apparatus is almost finished.

2. The work on the apparatus is being finished.

3. The work on the apparatus has been finished.

4. The staff (сотрудники) of the laboratory has already finished the work on the apparatus.

5. The plans are usually discussed at the beginning of the year.

6. They are discussing the plans of the next year.

1. The plans of the next year have been discussed.

2. Many questions were being discussed by the commission.

3. According to the information we have, the experiment is being carried in our laboratory.

4. The experiment will be carried out in December.

5. The experiment has been carried out successfully (успешно).

6. The laboratory was carrying out these experiments the whole (весь) week.

Exercise II.

Определите время по таблице и выберите правильный перевод глагола-сказуемого.

1. The machine -tool measures its production itself.

2. The machine –tool will measure its production itself.

3. The part is measured with great accuracy.

а) измерила б) измеряет в) измеряется г) будет измерять

4. The builders are planning the road…

5. The building of the road is being planned…

6. The building of the road was being planned…

а) планируется б) планируют в) планировали г) спланировали

7. The tests have been carried out well.

8. The tests were being carried well.

9. We have carried out our tests in chemistry well.

   1. выполняются б) выполнялись в) были выполнены г) выполнили

II. Participle

Функция	Participle I (прич. наст.вр.) Ving от глагола	Participle II (прич.прош.вр.) Ved или 3 форма нестандартных глаголов
Часть сказуемого (после форм глаголов to be и to have)	Входит в состав сказуемого времени гр. Continuous (to be +Participle I) The builders are applying… Строители применяют… The builders were applying… Cтроители применяли…	Входит в состав сказуемого в Passive Voice (to be +Participle II) I was told… – Мне сказали… и Perfect Tense (to have + Participle II) He has changed … Он изменил…
Обстоятельство (причастие стоит в начале или в конце предложения или с союзами)	(When, while)changing изменяя при изменении когда изменяют being changed будучи измененным или когда (так как, если, после того как) изменили having changed изменив having been changed когда (так как, если, после того как) изменили	С союзами when-когда, if-если, unless-если не, as- как- переводится придаточным предложением, а иногда – при + существительное Unless tested the machine must not be put into operation. –Если машина не прошла испытаний, ее нельзя эксплуатировать. When heated the polymer changed… - Когда полимер нагрели, он изменил… При нагревании полимер изменил
Определение (причастие стоит перед определяемым словом или после него и можно задать вопрос какой?)	changing conditions-изменяющиеся условия conditions changing- условия изменяющие being changed –изменяющийся, изменяемый, который изменяется	changed – изменяемый, измененный

Exercise I.

Сравните формы и перевод Ving и Ved в функции:

a) определения, стоящего перед определяемым словом.

boiling water boiled water

developing country developed country

reflecting surface reflected light

б) определения, стоящего после определяемого слова.

We need devices improving The device improved gives

the accuracy of measurements more accurate measurements.

The lab assistant making the The results of the experiment

experiment works in the evening. made in our lab were good.

в) обстоятельства

(When) heating a magnet we When heated, a magnet

lessen its magnetism. loses its magnetism.

While analyzing the quality of When analysed, the alloy

the alloy the engineer showed was used in new tests.

its negative properties.

г) части сказуемого

The power station is consuming Much coal is consumed by

great amounts of coal. the power station.

The transmitter will be sending The signals were sent by a

Signals from 2 till 5 o’clock. powerful transmitter.

Exercise II. Переведите предложения определив функцию причастия: а) определение, б) oбстоятельство, в) часть сказуемого.

a) Ving

1. A molecule is a compound consisting of two or more atoms. 2. Combining

hydrogen with oxygen in the proportion of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen we produce water. 3. When speaking about oxygen it is necessary to say that it is a colourless, odourless (без запаха) gas having density at standard pressure and temperature of about one seventh-hundredth that of water. It is soluble (растворимый) in water becoming liquid at about 180 degrees of Celcium.4. While burning different substances combine with oxygen. 5. The assistant was preparing the solution very carefully. 6. The solution is boiling. 7. The boiling solution has neither colour nor odour.

б) Ved or V3f

1. The solution of the problem required concentrated efforts of many

scientists. 2. The data required were analysed in our laboratory. 3. When required, the data will be applied in our practical work. 4. The investigations analysed resulted in an interesting discovery. 5. Heated glass is plastic. 6. When heated, glass can be easily worked. 7. Some heat-resistant types of glasses can be heated until they are red and do not break, if then placed into ice water. 8. Some new properties of the polymer found during the experiments were quite unexpected.