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”AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE”

aggregate bond binder rock abrasion result from reduce setting hardening contain pebbles broken stone=broken brick cinder pumice apply (applied) injurious affect subject decay fulfill coarse grains quarry

Заполнитель связывать, соединять, сцеплять вяжущее камень, булыжник; горная порода стирание, стирание, трение происходить, вытекать уменьшать затвердевание,застывание; схватывание (цемента); затвердение, застывание (цемента, бетона); цементирование содержать, вмещать булыжник, мелкий камень, щебень щебень окалина, шлак, угольный мусор пемза применять, прикладывать вредный, приносящий вред влиять подвергаться гнить, гниение, разложение выполнять крупный зерна 22.открытая разработка, карьер

1. Вспомните значение следующих английских слов и подберите к ним эквиваленты из правого столбца.

cheap filler concreting material applied load percolation of moisture volume change sufficient strength resistance to weathering harmful impurities fine aggregate excessive cracking finely divided material subject to disintegration fine-grained sand

мелкий заполнитель вредные вещества (включения, нечистоты) стойкость к выветриванию чрезмерное образование трещин мелкозернистый песок бетонная смесь достаточная прочность дешевый заполнитель материал тонкого помола (очень мелкий) изменение объема просачивание влаги приложенная нагрузка подвергаться разрушению

2. Прочитайте и закончите предложения о заполнителях в соответствии с содержанием текста. Предложения переведите.

Aggregates are the materials They provide a cheap filler They can resist They reduce All aggregates (natural and artificial) Sand is the chief material Sand is not subjected to A mixture of coarse and fine grains is very satisfactory

a)as it makes a denser and stronger concrete. b)to disintegration and decay c)for the concreting material d)have sufficient strength and resistance to weathering e)volume changes in the process of concrete setting and hardening. f)such as sand and small stones, that are mixed with cement to form concrete. g)used as a fine aggregate h)the action of the applied loads, of abrasion, and of climate factors

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Ancient wonders of the world

The Great Pyramid is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that still stands. It was built at the order of the Pharaoh Cheops, who once ruled Egypt. More than 100,000 slaves worked for twenty years to build it. They had no machines, not even carts – all the work was done by human strength alone. Yet each huge block was so well laid that the Pyramid has stood for 5,000 years.

Near the Great Pyramid in Egypt stands a huge sculptured rock called the Sphynx. The face is that of a man, perhaps the Pharaoh Khafre who had it built almost 5,ooo years ago. But the body is that of a lion, and between its great stone paws is a small temple. Since no one knows exactly why the Sphynx was built, it remains a symbol of mystery – a riddle.

In Babylon, one of the great cities of the Ancient World, there was a famous garden, which amazed visitors for hundreds of years. It was called the Hanging Gardens, because it was built along arches and towers and looked like a wall of flowers and green shrubs. The garden was kept alive by a hidden pool on the highest terrace, from which the water was drawn to appear in a series of fountains. The gardens were built by King Nebuchodnozzor, who is mentioned in the Bible as the cruel conqueror of Jerusalem.

The greatest god of the ancient Greeks was Zeus, for whom the Roman name was called Jupiter. The greatest Statue of Zeus was at Olympia, where the famous Olympic Games were held in its honour. The statue was40 feet high – about seven times a man’s height – and was made of marble, decorated with pure gold and ivory. After 1,000 years, an earthquake tumbled it down.

The temple of Artemis is one of the most famous temples of the ancient world. It stood for 600 years in Ephesus, a great city of Syria. The temple was sacred to Artemis, also called Diana, goddess of the moon. The finest sculptors and painters of Greece decorated this beautiful building, which was destroyed by the barbaric Goths. Only a few pieces of statues columns remained. They were dug up by modern scientists.

Few remember the tiny kingdom of Caria, which once flourished in what is now southwestern Turkey. But the name of its king, Mausolus, is known because of the word ”mausoleum” a massive tomb. The original Mausoleum, built in memory of this king by his widow, Queen Artemisia, was so magnificent that it was of the Wonders of the Ancient World.

Rhodes, an island near Greece, was one of the richest and busiest towns of the ancient world. Standing across the entrance to its big harbour, was a huge statue of the sun god Helios, famous as the Colossus of Rhodes. Although ships sailed beneath these giant feet, the Colossus was not as large as the American Statue of Liberty.

The most famous lighthouse in ancient times was the Pharos of Alexandria, in Egypt, and light atop a high tower could be seen for sixty miles. To keep the beacon the powerful electric lamps behind glass lenses used in our lighthouses were not yet.

The Great Pyramid the Hanging Gardens The Statue of Zeus The Temple of Artemis The Mausoleum The Colossus of Rhodes 7. The Pharos of Alexandria

1. It is situated in southwestern Turkey and is a massive tomb, built in the memory of the king Mausolus. 2. Near it stands a huge sculptured rock called the Sphynx. 3. Standing across the entrance to a big harbour, was a huge statue of the sun god Helios. 4. It was at Olympia, where the famous Olympic Games were held in its honour. The statue was 40 feet high – about seven times a man’s height – and was made of marble, decorated with pure gold and ivory. 5. It was the most famous lighthouse in ancient times, in Egypt, and light atop a high tower could be seen for sixty miles. 6.it was built along arches and towers and looked like a wall of flowers and green shrubs 7. It was one of the most famous temples of the ancient world in the name of goddess of the moon. The finest sculptors and painters of Greece decorated this beautiful building, which was destroyed by the barbaric Goths. Only a few pieces of statues columns remained.

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