- •Астраханский государственный
- •Part 1. Знакомство
- •Let me introduce myself and my family
- •Vocabulary
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary.
- •Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin – the head of the rf government
- •Vocabulary
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов:
- •1. Accommodations and catering
- •2. Tourist attractions and entertainment
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов
- •Exercise 1
- •Freddie laker
- •Cesar manrique
- •Around the world in 222 days
- •Part 3. У врача. Медицинское обслуживание. Text 1
- •The laws of health
- •At the doctor`s
- •Text 1a
- •At the dentist`s
- •Medical assistance
- •The Doctor Arrival
- •In the Sick-Bay.
- •At the Hospital
- •The Doctor`s Advice
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов
- •Part 4. Моя страна. Мой город. Достопримечательности.
- •Vocabulary
- •Astrakhan
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading comprehension Text 1 Moscow
- •Text 2 The City of Astrakhan: history and present time
- •Text 3 The land of blooming lotus
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов:
- •Part 5. Страны изучаемого языка (Великобритания, сша, Австралия, Новая Зеландия):географические, политические и культурные аспекты. Canada
- •New Zealand
- •Australia
- •Great Britain
- •The usa
- •Washington, d.C.
- •Canberra
- •Wellington
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов
- •Part 6. Наш университет. Высшее образование в России.
- •Vocabulary
- •Moscow state lomonosov university
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов
- •Part 7. Высшее образование в стране изучаемого языка. Ведущие мировые университеты. Higher education in Great Britain
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов text I. Read the text to yourself and suggest a title.
- •Text IV. Stanford University
- •Part 8. Покупки. В магазине. Shopping
- •The Big Stores of London
- •Shopping phrases
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы
- •Part 9. Война и мир. Угроза терроризма. World at war
- •Terrorism
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов
- •21St Century Terrorism
- •The eu fights against the scourge of terrorism
- •Part 10. Страны третьего мира. Проблемы миграции.
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов Text 1
- •List of emerging and developing economies
- •Developing countries not listed by imf
- •Industrialization
- •Part 11. Информатизация общества
- •Informatization
- •Origin of the term
- •Social impact of informatization
- •Informatization in economic systems
- •Globalization and informatization
- •Globalization
- •Definitions
- •Information technology
- •Information Age
- •The Internet
- •Progression
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов The Internet
- •Information
- •Communication in our life
- •Social impact of the Internet
- •What is Science?
- •Technology
- •Science, engineering and technology
- •Word Bingo
- •Alfred nobel - a man of contrasts
- •Alexander graham bell
- •3. What brought Einstein more joy than anything else?
- •4. By what illustration did Einstein explain his Theory of Relativity?
- •5. What two rules of conduct did Einstein have?
- •Part 13 Современные достижения науки. Перспективы развития науки.
- •Text 2. What is Nanotechnology?
- •Text 3. Collider
- •Text 4. Silicon Valley
- •Text 5. Small is beautiful
- •5____________________________________________________________
- •Text 6. Big is the Best
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов History of nanotechnology
- •Nanomaterials
- •Molecular nanotechnology
- •Collider design
- •Where have I heard that name before?
- •Part 14. Выдающиеся учёные прошлого Albert Einstein
- •Vocabulary of the text
- •Isaac Newton
- •Vocabulary of the text
- •Nicolaus Copernicus
- •Vocabulary of the text
- •Incoherency – несвязность, бессвязность, непоследовательность
- •Lomonosov, Mikhail Vasilyevich
- •Vocabulary of the text
- •Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleev
- •Vocabulary of the text
- •Influenza - грипп
- •Valence – валентность
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы
- •Destroying forests
- •1 Damages
- •Language work
- •Language work
- •How the greenhouse effect works
- •Global warming
- •Тексты для самостоятельной работы студентов:
- •Atoms, molecules and compounds
- •Chemical reactions and chemical bonds.
- •Organic compounds and life
- •Carbohydrates
What is Science?
In ancient times science (from the Latin word scientia) meant knowledge or learning. Today we define science as the study of the world around us. The study of science helps us to answer how, what, where, and why questions concerning our surroundings. But science is more than a collection of facts. Science is a human work. It is a growing and an exciting search for what is true. In this sense, science is a way of solving problems.
The word "science" probably brings to mind many different pictures: a fat textbook, white lab coats and microscopes, an astronomer peering through a telescope, a naturalist in the rainforest, Einstein's equations scribbled on a chalkboard, the launch of the space shuttle, bubbling beakers etc. All these images reflect some aspects of science, but none of them provides a full picture because science has so many facets:
Science is both a body of knowledge and a process. Studying at school, science may sometimes seem like a collection of isolated and static facts listed in a textbook, but that's only a small part of the story. Science is also a process of discovery that allows us to link isolated facts into coherent and comprehensive understanding of the natural world.
Science is exciting. Science is a way of discovering what's in the universe and how these things work today, how they worked in the past, and how they are likely to work in future. Scientists are motivated by the thrill of seeing or figuring out something that no one has had before.
Scientists accept that the observations and scientific results must be "objective." That is they must be repeatable, testable and confirmable by other scientists, even (and especially) skeptical ones. The edifice of law and theory that science builds must be representative of a "shared" perception that can be observed and verified by anyone equipped with good observation skills and appropriate measuring tools. Modern science uses language and concepts that go far beyond the directly and immediately observable, but there must always be logical links and experimental operational links between these concepts and things we can observe.
To craft scientific models and theories, scientists must brainstorm, innovate and speculate. That's the creative component of the activity. But they must also maintain a disciplined rigor to ensure that their theories and models fit into a logical and consistent interrelated structure. The final edifice called science allows deduction of predictions about the world, predictions that may be tested against observations and against precise measurements made on nature. Nature is unforgiving of mistakes, and when experiments disagree with the predictions of scientific laws and models these laws and models must be modified or scrapped.
Science has many branches such as physical science, earth science, and life science. Life science is the study of living things -plants and animals. It helps to explain how living things relate to one another and to their surroundings.
Put yourself in the place of a life scientist. Try to figure out the following press releases. Can you explain these events?
CHINE: DECEMBER, 1974 - Snakes crawled from their winter sleeping places. They froze to death in the winter cold. Rats also behaved in a strange way. They came out of their hiding places and wandered around the streets in broad daylight. These events were followed by an earthquake.
CHINA: FEBRUARY, 1975 - Geese were seen flying into trees. Dogs howled for no clear reason. These events were followed by an earthquake.
GREECE: 856 - Mice, weasels, and other burrowing animals were seen fleeing from the ancient city of Helice. Five days later the city was leveled by an earthquake.
Earthquakes affect all the living things. Because life scientists study the behavior of living things they are able to predict earthquakes. It is one of many ways life science is used in the world.
How science and technology influence you
Technology is the use of scientific discoveries. Transportation, communication, food, medicine, and most of what you see around you are the result of technology. Technology based on life science has resulted in many useful applications. Plants that don't get sick easily, shots that prevent mumps and measles, X rays that show cavities, and organ transplants are just a few applications. The world is a better place because of science.
Exercise 1. Master the active vocabulary.
to peer – вглядываться , всматриваться
rainforest – тропический лес
to scribble – писать каракулями , небрежно
shuttle – затвор шлюза
facet –аспект
to figure out – вычислять; понимать, постигать
edifice – ['edifis] здание, сооружение
perception – восприятие
to verify – проверять, подтверждать
brainstorm – буйный припадок, душевное потрясение
speculate – размышлять; делать предположения
predictions – предположения
to scrap – выбрасывать
earthquake – землетрясение
weasel – ласка
to burrow – рыть нору, прятаться в норе, жить в норе
mumps – свинка (болезнь)
measles – корь
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions:
1) What is science?
2) Science is both a body of knowledge and a process, isn’t it?
3) Why must scientific results be « objective»?
4) What branches does science have?
5) Do you think it is possible to live without science and technology?
6) How do science and technology influence the humanity?
Exercise 3. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
измерительные инструменты
наука о мире вокруг нас
быстро портиться
работа человека
повторяющиеся
подтверждаемые
логические связи
душевное потрясение
наблюдения
точные измерения
трансплантанты органов
Exercise 4. Write down 5 your own sentences using words and word combinations from Ex-s 1, 2.
Exercise 5. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1) Technology is the use of scientific discoveries.
2) Plants that don’t get sick easily, shots that prevent mumps and measles, X rays that show cavities are the only science applications.
3) The behavior of living organisms can predict earthquakes .
4) When experiments agree with the predictions of scientific laws and models, these laws and models must be modified or scrapped .
5) There mustn’t be any logical links between the concepts and things we can observe.
Exercise 6. Find the words with similar meanings:
knowledge to connect
science facets
to peer learning
to discover to predict
to link points
perception to verify
to change study of the world
aspects to invent
to confirm to contemplate
to speculate understanding
to modify
Exercise 7. Make up dialogues on the following topics:
a) Science is a human work.
b) The role of science and technology for the humanity.
Exercise 8. Render the text.