III. America in the early 1800's

I MIND THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE FOLLOWING DIFFICULT WORDS:

mansion[#m@n(t)S{n] большой особняк, дво рец

navy [#neivi] флот

expansion [ik # sp@n(t)S{n] расширение;

растяжение; наращивание

seize[siz]….. захватывать

shawnee[SO:#ni:] шауни Индейское племя, имевшее пять подразде лений

conquer[#kONk{] завоевать, покорить

outnumber[,Aut#n[mb{] превосходить численно стью, превосходить ко личеством

fierce[fi{s] жестокий, лютый, свире пый

annex[#@neks] присоединять

sawmill[#sO:mil] лесопильня , лесорама

vigilante[,vidZi#l@nti] виджиланте,

член комитета

бдительности

stagecoach[#steidZk{utS] дилижанс,oсновной вид транспорта на Западе

до постройки железных дорог,использовался для перевозки

пассажиров, почты и

грузов.

сonvention[k{n#ven(t)S{n] собрание, съезд ,

договор, соглашение, конвенция

secede[si#si:d] выходить (из союза) , от падать, отложиться,

отделиться, отколоться

bloodshed[#bl[dSed] кровопролитие; массовое убийство, резня, бойня

bitterness [#bit{n{s] горечь;

oil burner [Oil #b{:n{] керосинка , форсунка

1. President thomas jefferson

In 1801 Washington, D.C., was a new city on the Potomac Riv­er. The city was planned by Pierre L'Enfant, a Frenchmen, who was helped by Benjamin Banneker, a black American known for his work in science and mathematics. It was far from ready. The streets were muddy paths. Workers were still trying to finish the govern­ment buildings. Thomas Jefferson stayed in a boarding house until he could move into the unfinished "presidential mansion".

During his two terms as President, Jefferson kept the national government strong, but he also encouraged greater democracy. Taxes were lowered, the army and the navy were kept small. He tried to deal peacefully with the Indians, and to stay on friendly terms with powerful countries like Britain and France. More men gained the right to vote as some property limitation had been re­moved. One of Jefferson's best-known sayings was: "The gov­ernment that governs least governs best".

Jefferson looked ahead when considering the problem of Amer­ican expansion to the West. He realized that for years to come, Americans would feel drawn to the western lands. He sent a group of explorers led by two army officers, Meriwether Lewis and Wil­liam Clark, through the wilderness to the Pacific Ocean. After a year and a half of hard traveling, the expedition finally reached the shores of the Pacific. Besides, Jefferson had agreed to the sur­prising offer made by the French government to purchase much of the western land owned by France, and called the Louisiana Territory. The new land doubled the size of the United States. This decision proved to be of great importance though there were many opponents to it at that time. Historians have called this Lou­isiana Purchase the greatest bargain in history.

Thomas Jefferson finished his second term as President in 1809. James Madison was elected the next President. Madison was a Virginian, like Jefferson, and the two men were close friends.