Окно «Параметры поиска решения в Excel 2010»

About Solver http://www.Solver.Com/excel2010/solverhelp.Htm

Solver is part of a suite of commands sometimes called what-if analysis tools. With Solver, you can find an optimal (maximum or minimum) value for a formula in one cell — called the objective cell — subject to constraints, or limits, on the values of other formula cells on a worksheet. Solver works with a group of cells — called decision variable cells — that participate in computing the formulas in the objective and constraint cells. Solver adjusts the values in the decision variable cells to satisfy the limits on constraint cells and produce the result you want for the objective cell.

The objective, constraint and decision variable cells and the formulas interrelating them form a Solver model; the final values found by Solver are a solution for this model. Solver uses a variety of methods, from linear programming and nonlinear optimization to genetic and evolutionary algorithms, to find solutions

Overview and Example

Use Solver to determine the maximum or minimum value of one cell by changing other cells. For example, you can change the amount of your projected advertising budget and see the effect on your projected profit amount.

Example of a Solver problem

In the following example, the level of advertising in each quarter affects the number of units sold, indirectly determining the amount of sales revenue, the associated expenses, and the profit. Solver can change the quarterly budgets for advertising (cells B11:E11), up to a total budget constraint of $40,000 (cell F11), until the value for the total profit reaches the maximum possible amount. The values in the decision variable cells are used to calculate the profit for each quarter, so the values are related to the formula in the target cell F15, =SUM(B15:E15).

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Decision variable cells

Constraint cell

Objective cell

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After Solver runs, the new values are as follows.

See more examples in Solver sample worksheets.

Solver sample worksheets

Microsoft Excel includes a workbook, Solvsamp.xls in the Office\Samples folder, that demonstrates the types of problems you can solve.

You can use the sample worksheets in Solvsamp.xls to help you set up your problems. To use any of the six worksheets— Product Mix, Shipping Routes, Staff Scheduling, Maximizing Income, Portfolio of Securities, and Engineering Design— open the workbook, switch to the worksheet you want to use, and then click Solver in the Analysis group on the Data tab. The objective cell, constraint cells, and decision variable cells for each Solver model are already specified:

Worksheet	Objective	Constraints	Decision Variables
Quick Tour	Profit (Max)	Advertising budget	Ad spending by quarter
Product Mix	Profit (Max)	Parts inventory on hand	Number of products to build
Shipping Routes	Shipping Cost (Min)	Supplies at plants, demands at warehouses	Number of products to ship on each route
Staff Scheduling	Payroll Cost (Min)	Employees needed each day of the week	Number of employees on each of 7 weekly schedules
Maximizing Income	Interest Earned (Max)	Cash balance at end of each month	Amount to invest in 1-, 3- and 6-month CDs
Portfolio of Securities	Portfolio Return (Max)	Portfolio total and risk (variance)	Percentage to invest in each of 4 stocks plus T-bills
Engineering Design	Charge (Value Of)	None	Resistor value in circuit

Comments on each worksheet explain more about each Solver model. To find an optimal solution, click Solve.