Text b.

Engineering is a complex discipline, including a lot of fields. One of them is an architectural engineering. It is a discipline that deals with the technological aspects of buildings. They are the properties and behavior of building materials and their components, foundation design, structural analysis and design, construction management, and building operation. Besides, architectural engineering deals with environmental system analysis and design. Every engineer knows an environmental system, which may account for 45-70% of a building's cost, includes heating, ventilating and air conditioning, illumination, building power system, plumbing and piping, storm drainage, building communications, acoustic, vertical and horizontal transportation, fire protection, alternate energy sources, heat recovery, and energy conservation. In addition, it is necessary to help protect everybody from unnecessary risk. That's why architectural engineers must know and be familiar with the various building codes, plumbing, electrical and mechanical codes, and the Life Safety Code. The latter code is designed to require planning and construction techniques in buildings which will minimize possible hazards to the occupants.

Exercise 9. Translate from English into Russian. Define the syntax functions of the underlined words.

1. A room enclosed with walls has no light or view, so the wall must be opened up.

2. The blocks or bricks over that opening must be supported against the pull of gravity.

3. The wall could also be cut away, so to speak, and replaced with slender stacks of blocks to form columns.

4. The post and lintel system is as old as human construction in permanent materi­als.

5. In fact humans have been using posts and beams for several hun­dred thousand years.

6. The lower part is stretched and is said to be in tension.

7. The latter code is designed to require planning and construction techniques.

Exercise 10. Translate the words:

тянуть, балка, стоечно-балочная конструкция, прочный, пилястра, консоль, применять, поддерживать, сжимать, нагрузка.

Exercise 11. Note in the texts of this unit:

1. That-forms

2. Noun groups

3. Modal verbs

4. ed-forms

5. ing-forms

UNIT 3

Exercise 1.Translate the auxiliary words:

as, does, these, along, so that, over, as well as.

Exercise 2. Words to be remembered:

fibrous material – волокнистый материал

resist – противостоять

tensile stress –напряжение при растяжении

wrought iron – кованное железо

span(v., n.) – пролет, перекрывать расстояние

tensile strength – прочность при растяжении

crack – растрескиваться

deform – деформировать

force (v., n.) – прикладывать силу, сила

collapse – разрушать

solid – твердый

crystalline – с кристаллической структурой

carry – нести

compressive strength – прочность при сжатии

formwork – опалубка

liquid – жидкий

pour – лить

reinforced concrete – железобетон

hollow out – опустошать

reduce – уменьшать

iron bar – железный брус.

Exercise 3. Read and translate text A.