SECTORS OF INDUSTRY

How many sectors are all industries divided into?

What are these sectors?

What does the primary (secondary, tertiary) sector consist of?

What is the difference between primary and secondary sectors?

What does the tertiary sector produce?

How is the tertiary sector divided?

What is the difference between these two groups?

What is manufacturing?

What is a commercial service?

4.Explain the meaning of the following :

Primary sector

Secondary sector

Service sector

Tertiary sector

5.Give derivatives to the word ‘product’. Use them to fill in the gaps:

1.The company ________ new goods every year.

2.The company’s newest ________ is a special home TVset.

3.That factory is not as ________ now as it was 5 years ago.

4.The ________ of the factory went down last year.

5.The manager of the factory decided that they must increase their

________ of new devices.

6.________ is usually measured in terms of output per worker per hour.

7.The _________ of that factory has gone down over the last five years.

8.New technologies can be used by business to improve ______ .

9.Competition motivates __________ to improve the quality of goods and services.

10.You can keep transportation costs low by a single _________ line.

11.If company is a _______ , it can _________ only _________ for which it has the right kind of resources.

12.People are divided into consumers and _________ .

13.A _______ makes the goods or provides services.

14.Each stage in a ________ process is unique.

15.My friend is a ___________ manager.

6.Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the Modal verbs.

1.You cannot have everything.

2.Business ventures must be planned.

3.Some experience can be turned into a successful business.

4.Every business must buy goods, manufacture products or services and sell them to be successful.

5.Any factor can have a vital impact on your business.

6.You can share profit between your employees.

7.You should evaluate and consider your personal goals.

8.You may start a new project.

9.You may need investors if you need additional income.

10.Can you answer this business letter as soon as possible?

11.May I have your attention?

12.The goods must work properly.

13.People may communicate in different ways.

14.Ought we to place an advertisement with papers?

15.You must pay in cash.

16.Should we develop new products?

7.Complete each sentence so that it contains can, must, should, could, may:

1.He is always buying useless things. He ______ make a lot of money.

2.You _________ realize that the company is in serious trouble.

3.All managers ___ report to the Director who is responsible for making decisions.

4.I think we _______ pay in advance.

5.You ________ not disturb the manager while he is working.

6.______ I stop work early today?

7.This _______ be right. He has certainly made a mistake in translation.

8.She ________ get a rise in salary this month but I am not sure.

9.You ________ work better if you want to finish this work on time.

10.He _______ pay in cash because he had left his credit card in the office.

11.You _________ not take home company equipment.

12.Martin ________ cope with the increasing number of orders.

13.Sorry, I ________ give you the figures yesterday. Our computers were down all day.

14.You _______ make your requirements more reasonable.

15.You ________ pay in cash in an auction.

8.Look through the text and say how the industries may be classified. Start your answer with the phrases: It is particular interesting that…, It

should be noticed that…, I’d like to draw your attention to…, I’d like to say that…:

Extracting industries are those that are concerned with the raw materials from which products are made. Included in this category are companies that are involved in mining, extraction, agriculture and fishing.

Manufacturing industries are those that take materials from the primary producers and convert them into products that are of use in themselves.

Service industry is that part of the manufacturing route which is the last to process the product before it gets to end user. This may be retail shops or trade merchants, painters and decorators, motor mechanics. Service organizations such as the education service, health, hotels and restaurants and the finance sector are also examples of service industry.

Notes to the text:

9. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Prove your point of view. Use the following phrases: That’s true…, Absolutely…, Perhaps, you are right…, Probably not…, That’s not exactly so…

Extractive industry is concerned with production of goods and services.

Manufacturing industry is concerned with manufacturing.

Services are involved in a manufacturing rout.

Service is the first stage of production.

Service organizations are examples of service industry.

Mining belongs to manufacturing industry.

Agriculture and fishing belong to extractive industry.

Service industry is the first stage in production process.

10. State whether the following branches of industry belong to extractive, manufacturing, or services:

Automobile, gold-mining, hair dressing, food-canning, engineering, oil-processing, repairing, construction, driving, chemical, leather goods, light industry, housekeeping, food-processing, gas industry, metal working, dairy, tool-making, textile.

11. Say what kind of industry do I work in. Justify your answer. Use the phrases: As I work…, I belong to…, As you know belongs to industry so I belong to :

I am a market gardener.

My company produces computers.

I work on an oil rig ( буровая вышка).

I am a deep sea fisherman.

I repair shoes.

We make leather.

I mine coal.

We produce automobiles.

I bring morning papers.

I am a carpenter.

I am a cattle farmer.

We produce high-tech devices.

I take care of people’ health.

We produce steel.

My company sells consumer goods.

I am a banker.

UNIT 13

1. Memorize the following words and word combinations:

3.The locomotive-building plant used to be the largest _______ in the city.

4.She is an _________ of this company.

5.My ________ is United Chemicals.

6.We cannot afford to lose skilled ______ .

7.________ must be kept within acceptable limits.

8.There are several categories of ____________ .

9.A very large organization may __________ many managers.

10.Economists can tell us the number of people who are _________

and ________ .

11.Service industry ________ is increasing in importance.

5.Read and translate the sentences. Pay attention to the equivalents of Modal verbs:

1.Companies have to decide on a product price that will cover all costs.

2.There are many other aspects of business that individuals will have to understand and use.

3.Business has to be planned.

4.You may be able to give up a piece of your company to investors.

5.You will be able to master a business.

6.I was allowed to attend all the lectures on the theme.

7.Tom was looking for a job. He had to go to Labour Exchange.

8.Last year clients were allowed to visit the office from 9 a.m. till 4 p.m.

9.Employers are able to employ the optimum number of workers.

10.Where will you be able to use the cards?

11.We have to wear a uniform at work.

12.I can work from home so I don’t have to go to the office very often.

13.Certain producers were allowed to have a full monopoly over the sale of their goods.

14.Do you often have to select goods?

15.Buyers and Sellers do not always have to meet face-to-face.

6.Complete the sentences using equivalents of Modal verbs:

1.Governments will ________ take actions to restrict business activities of monopolies.

2.You ______ to come in early morning.

3.Though he was a good economist he ________ find a job.

4.As public job agencies _______ help you, try a private firm.

5.How long have you _________ control the market?

6.John _______ not to cape with his work last week.

7.You ________ to read the instructions before using this device.

8.You ________ to pack these things very carefully. They are very fragile.

9. You _______ to bring your machine here, we _______ repair it in your place.

10.I think you _________ to affect the prices on the office equipment in the near future.

11.The Director and the Sellers ________ to meet in person.

12.The suppliers _________ to deliver goods in time.

13.We _________ to meet yesterday at 4 p.m.

14.You are our old clients so you ________ to pay in cash.

15.The steamer _________ to arrive tomorrow morning.

7.Look through the text and describe the future development of industrial sector in the UK.

WHAT DOES THE FUTURE HOLD?

It is difficult to predict what will happen to the industrial sectors of the UK in the future, but a number of trends seem likely:

Continued growth in services

Technological advance in services and manufacturing, which will make production rely more on machinery and equipment and less on workers

Workers will need to update and change their work skills to keep pace with the new technology

High employment, especially among older manufacturing workers.

UK industry and jobs are also facing increasing competition from firm overseas, especially from developing countries like China, Malaysia, and Taiwan, where output is high but wages remain very low. Firms in these countries are, therefore, able to produce similar goods and services to UK firms but at a much lower cost and final price to consumers.

A number of people have argued that the only way for UK manufacturing to recover is to concentrate on making high-quality products which many countries are unable to produce. Successful UK examples of using this strategy include Rolls Royce cars and some of the silverware firms in the Midlands producing high-quality cutlery.

8. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Prove your point of view. Use the following phrases: I’m not sure that…, I doubt that …, I’m certain that…, Without doubt…,It’s highly probable that…

It is not difficult to predict the future of industrial sectors.

There are several possible trends for future development of industrial sector.

UK industry is facing increasing competition from overseas firms.

Firms in some countries are able to produce goods at much lower cost.

The only way for UK firms is to concentrate on production of high quality products.

The only way for UK firms is to decrease prices.

The only way for UK firms is to develop new products.

The only way for UK firms is to increase production.

UNIT 14

1. Translate the text in writing.

The terms primary, secondary and tertiary are used to identify businesses according to the type of work they are involved with. Primary industries are those that are concerned with the raw materials from which products are made. Companies that are involved in mining, extraction, agricultural and fishing are included in this category.

Secondary industries are those that take materials from the primary producers and convert them into products that are of use in themselves. Examples:

Motor manufacturers buy in sheet steel and make cars from it;

Companies that buy in oil products and produce plastic injection

mouldings such as plastic computer cases;

In most manufacturing processes, there will be more than one level of secondary industry.

While most companies will be either primary, secondary or tertiary, it is possible for some companies to span all three levels. These are usually very large companies. A good example of this is British Gas Plc. It extracts gas, processes it and sells it directly to the end user – you and me. It will even sell you the fire or cooker through which to use the gas. British Gas is an example of what is called a ‘deep’ organization. Other examples include most petrochemical companies such as British Petroleum Plc.

2.Answer the questions in writing:

What terms are used to identify businesses?

What is the difference between three types of industry?

3.Choose the right answer:

1. A primary industry _________ .

a)is the most important

b)produces natural resources

c)maximizes profit

d)uses raw materials to manufacture

2.Which occupations are most likely to be in a secondary industry?

a)coal mining

b)farm labourer

c)accountant

d)chemical engineer

3.Most of the public organizations aim to provide ______ .

a)public service

b)private service

c)charitable service

d)all of these

4.Most business organizations rely on _______ to provide goods and services they need to carry out their business.

a)others countries

b)government

c)other firms

d)themselves

5.Most countries have _______ economy.

a)private

b)public

c)governmental