2. Read and translate the text:

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

Goods and services are the outputs of production by firms. A firm is simply a business organization. All businesses are organizations in which people working together with materials, machines and other equipment produce goods and/or services. For example, in the production of bread, a bakery will first need premises in which to operate. It will then require flour, sugar and salt, fridges, ovens, mixers, ladles, spoons and knives, electricity and bakers as well as office staff and equipment and, probably, some means of transport.

Workers, materials, power supplies, machines, and other equipment are the inputs to productive activity. Inputs are usually provided by other firms known as suppliers. Thus, the bakery consumes goods and services produced by other firms as well as produces goods for other consumers. Business is cooperation between people and firms, their materials, buildings and machines for the purpose of production to satisfy consumer needs and wants. There are a great many different types of businesses producing many millions of different goods and services for consumers all over the world.

3. Answer the questions. Start your answer with the phrases: The text says that… It is clear from the text that:…

What are the outputs of productive activity?

What inputs do firms use to produce outputs?

What is necessary for the production of bread?

What do we call the firms providing inputs?

What is a business organization?

What is a firm?

How many types of business organizations are there?

4.Fill in the blanks with the words from the box:

premises input(s) consumes purpose suppliers operate cooperation

1.The bakery _________ goods and services produced by other firms.

2.Natural resources and labour are the necessary ______ to the productive activity.

3.If you want to set up your own business you must first find ______

in which to ________ .

4.The firms which provide other firms with materials necessary for production are called ________ .

5.The ____________ of any production is to satisfy consumer needs.

6.A firm usually ______________ services produced by other firms.

7._______ can be any resource that goes into the production process.

8.Business is ________ between people and firms for the purpose of production.

5.Say that you agree with the following statements. Use the phrase:

I am sure that’s right.

Equipment can be both the input and the output of the production.

No production can do without (обойтись без) consuming services provided by other firms.

Business is cooperation between people and firms.

6.a) Divide the following nouns into two groups: nouns used only in the singular and nouns used only in the plural:

news, people, knowledge, goods, air, time, clothes, advice, luggage, mathematics, money, wages, premises, work, economics, information, progress, earnings, paper, scissors, silver, food, scales, riches.

b) Give the plural form of the following nouns:

phenomenon, analysis, datum, life, city, man, woman, child, company, chief, safe, half, sheep, ship, cargo, hero, video, radio, criterion, crisis, foot, formula, series, grown-up, woman-driver, manservant, proof,

photo, piano, leaf, travel agent, passer-by , mother-in-law, shelf, hotelkeeper.

7. Translate the following sentences. Mind the nouns in the Possessive Case and the noun + noun combinations:

1.I need a week’s time to finish my report on this country’s labour resources.

2.Before starting your own business you should carefully study home market prices.

3.The newspaper publisher’s office is in the center of the city.

4.You can find the cotton production figures in all today’s newspapers.

5.A woman’s work is never done.

6.The secretaries’ working hours at this firm are too long.

7.If I want to have advice about my health I go to the doctor’s.

8.He lives at a kilometre’s distance from the glass factory.

9.The readers’ letters page in the newspaper is full of complaints (жалобы) about the article.

10.The company’s policy is neutral.

11.She took an active part in the women’s liberation (освобождение) movement.

12.Martin is at an interview for a job in a film production company.

13.The usual day-time traffic speed in central London is about 10.2 metres per hour.

14.Would you like to get part-time work at McDonald’s Ukraine?

UNIT 3

1.Memorize the following words:

2.Read and translate the text:

PRODUCTION INVOLVES A CHAIN OF ACTIVITY

If the aim of production is to make products to satisfy consumers' needs and wants the process is not finished until goods and services reach the people who want them.

Production involves a chain of productive activity linking a number of business organizations - from those that produce natural resources such as coal, wheat, and oil, to those that use these materials to make finished goods and services, and, finally, to those who operate warehouses and shops to sell products to the people who want them. All goods and services will have a chain of production linking suppliers with customers.

Let us consider the chain of production involved in producing compact discs for sale to consumers. In the earliest stages natural resources, such as coal and oil, need to be extracted from the ground to power electricity stations. Oil, in turn, is the raw material used to produce plastics for CDs, which are pressed and shaped by machines. Tape recorders and sound engineers are needed to record the music of pop groups. The shop is the final destination of the CD before it is bought. During this process a great many banks probably lend money to firms to help them complete their part of the chain. Insurance companies are involved in case of damage or theft, and transport companies deliver raw materials and finished goods to those business organizations that require them.

3.Answer the questions:

What does the production process involve?

Whom does the chain of productive activity link?

What are the main stages of a typical chain of production?

1.Our manager has much experience in finding good suppliers.

2.I am not interested in the close cooperation with this company.

3.These firms are our best partners.

4.The knowledge of economics is very important for everyone.

5.Most British firms have their branches in other countries.

6.There are different types of business organizations in the UK and all over the world.

7.There is new equipment for producing compact discs at this factory.

8.There are not many natural resources used to power electricity stations.

9.There is no demand for their products.

10.Have they the right equipment to do the job?

11.Are there many companies producing chemical equipment in your region?

12.Is there any bank in this street?

13.Is their new office far from here?

14.She has not enough money to buy a new car yet.

15.A market is a central part of any business.

16.There are files all over the table.

7.Translate the sentences. Put special questions to the words in bold type. Use the words: who, what, why, where, when, how many/much, whose.

1.This is our manager’s file.

2.A business plan is necessary for successful business.

3.Evidence of business activity is all around us.

4.Producers are people who work to supply goods or services.

5.There are four stages in the production chain of this product.

6.My friends’ elder son is a Sales Manager of a big commercial firm.

7.Services are actions, such as cleaning, consulting and teaching.

8.These firms were our regular buyers a few years ago.

9.There will be a lot of consumers of these machines in our region because they are more efficient than the old ones.

10.Our firm has all the necessary means of transport.