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Контрольная работа № 2

Прежде чем приступить к выполнению контрольной работы № 2, вам необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованным учебникам:

1. Личные формы глагола. Формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); Continuous (Present, Past, Future); Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах.

2. Согласование времен.

3. Неопределенные местоимения.

1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времен группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); Continuous (Present, Past, Future); Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

1. Last year 35 million tons of diesels were exported to Europe. 2. The quality of oil products will be improved to Euro-3 and Euro-4 standards. 3. Automobiles were rushing in both directions and it was impossible to cross the street. 4. Light products will prevail in the production pattern: high-grade petrol and diesel fuel that meets Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards. 5. The company’s divisions are working on the program to reconstruct and improve the oil refineries.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.

1. The man (to fine-Present Perfect Passive) by a policeman for crossing the street in the wrong place. 2. At the Komsomolsk-on-Amur refinery we (to proceed- Present Perfect Active) to the second stage of plant’s reconstruction. 3. The yearly production capacity (to increase- Future Indefinite Active) from the current 7 million to 8 million tons. 4. There (to be- Past Indefinite Active) a car by the side of the road. It (to break- Past Perfect Active) down and the driver (to try- Past Continuous Active) to repair it. 5. The construction of the new circular road which (to link-Future Indefinite Active) several districts (to start- Present Perfect Active) recently.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).

1. A new device (has tested; has been tested) in the lab. 2. The Russian scientist A.S. Popov (worked; was worked) much at the problem of radio communication. 3. I know that these engines (are producing; are being produced) in Minsk. 4. The airplane (crosses; is crossed) the Atlantic Ocean in about 10 hours. 5. At the corner of the street we (saw; was seen) a car. The driver (was examining; was been examined) the engine.

4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на согласование времен.

1. Mikhail Lomonosov, a great Russian scientist, once said that “Russian might will accrue with Siberia”. 2. Rosneft Vice President for Refining, Alexander Sapronov estimated that oil processing capacity would be approximately 40 million tons in 2007. 3. The correspondent asked what new design capacity and depth of refining would be after reconstruction. 4. Vice President told- the reporter that the business plan of each refinery included substantial investments to reduce process stress. 5.V P Sapronov answered that the company had its own reliable base of design and scientific corporate institutions.

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на неопределенные местоимения и их производные.

1. Something important took place there. 2. Nobody failed in this examination yesterday. 3. The commission has found nothing wrong. 4. They made no changes in the working plan. 5. No traffic was allowed along the street because of the accident.6. Some new safety rules were considered by the committee.

Прочитайте и переведите текст и ответьте на вопросы.

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAR’S OIL INDUSTRY

China is considered to have been the first world power to extract oil and gas. The first written mention of oil in Russia came from the Ukhta River¹ in the north of the Timan-Pechora region² in the 15th century (where companies such as LUKOIL and ConocoPhillips produce oil today). Local inhabitants gathered oil from the river surface with buckets and ₍used it for medical purposes, as a lubricant³, and to administer blessings⁴. In 1745, Fyodor Pryadunov got permission from Empress Elizabeth to begin extracting oil from the Ukhta River bed. In February of 1866, the first oil fountain in the country gushed forth⁵ in the Kudako River valley of the Kuban region.

An oil well was also drilled in 1846 on the Bibi-Aybat⁶ oil field near Baku, then part of the Russian empire. The southern regions, such as the North Caucasus and Baku, set the main stage for the beginning of development of the Russian oil and gas industry. Then followed the Russian revolution, oil fields were nationalized and the industry nearly destroyed. Restoration of the Baku fields occurred in the early 1920s, when under Lenin's New Economic Policy, some foreign companies were invited to the USSR to help. Today clearly visible from the road leading from Baku's airport to the city are- 80 year old western style cottages built as an “expat village”⁷ to house these foreign workers.

The Caspian remained the center of the Soviet oil production until World War II, fueling⁸ the industrialization of Russia. Gaining control of the facilities in Baku and cutting off oil supplies to the Soviet Union was one of the main goals of Hitler's army in World War II. In the 1950s, Russian oil and gas production was dominated by the region of Uralo-Povolzhye (Bashkiriya and Tatarstan).

In the 1960s and 1980s, revolutionary changes took place in the indus­try, which put the USSR, and later the Russian Federation, at the top of the energy power chart of the world. While some scientists in the Soviet Union were conquering⁹ the cosmos by launching the first artificial satellite and in the early 1960s, and the first man into space, other Soviet scientists were venturing deep into the earth interior.

The Western Siberian region was first explored by Vitaliy Zenchev, who died in a tragic accident at the Glubokiy Sabun river embranch­ment in 1955. As the country aggressively developed its automobile, aviation, railway, and building industries, and demand for plastic and synthetic materials grew, the Communist Party established The Third Program at its 12th meeting, demanding that oil and gas workers dras­tically increase hydrocarbon production to meet the country's growing demands¹⁰.

Today in Beryozovo, where the so called "Pioneer of Western Siberian Gas" well was drilled, there is a model of an oil derrick made of steel pipes, set in memory of the 40th anniversary of the discovery. Mikhail Lomonosov, a renowned Russian scientist, once said that "Russian might will accrue with Siberia".

Notes:

1. the Ukhta River - река Ухта

2. the Timan-Pechora region – Тимано-Печорский край

3. lubricant – смазочный материал

4. to administer blessings – осуществлять религиозные обряды

5. to gush forth – взмыть ввысь

6. the Bibi-Aybat – Биби-Айбат

7. “expat village” - посёлок

8. to fuel – поставлять топливо

9. to conquer - завоевывать

10. to meet the country's growing demands – удовлетворять растущие потребности страны

Ответьте на вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. What country is considered to have been the first world power to extract oil and gas?

2. When did Fyodor Pryadunov get permission from Empress Elizabeth to begin extracting oil?

3. When did the first oil fountain gush forth in the Kuban region?

4. When did restoration of the Baku fields occur?

5. How long did the Caspian remain the center of the Soviet oil production?

6. What region was Russian oil and gas production dominated by in the 1950s?

7. Who was the Western Siberian region explored by?

8. Why did the demand for oil and gas grow?

9. What model is there in Beryozovo today?

10. What did Mikhail Lomonosov once say about Siberia?

Темы для устной работы.

OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The economic importance of the fuel industry is very great: Oil and Gas are the most important mineral fuels extracted in our country. Oil and Gas are more convenient and economical types of fuel. Considerable geological reserves of oil and gas in our country are responsible for the rapid development of these industries. The eastern regions of RUSSIA contain the main reserves of fuel and energy. Many new large deposits of oil and gas have been discovered in Western Siberia, Ural and in other parts of the country. The Long-Term Energy Programme of RUSSIA invisages that the increase in the share of Siberian oil and gas will continue until, at least, the end of the current century. This will require not only additional efforts, but more financial resources. Oil is used in the production of fuel and lubricants, synthetic resins and fibres, plastiks, rubber and many other articles. We are faced with the task of transferring oil from the category of fuel into the category of chemical raw material. Gas is valued as a chemical raw material just as highly as oil. It is an easy substitute for oil in boiler houses as well as in the furnaces of electric power plants, and is convenient for everyday consumption. Today gas is widely used as a fuel in the home and as a raw material for the production of synthetics. The use of gas in some industries improved some production processes. Progress in the gas and oil industries will provide the country with the necessary resources for the acceleration of the technical reconstruction of national economy.

TOPICAL VOCABULARY

to extract mineral fuels - добывать минеральные виды топлива

the most important - важнейший

production of fuel and lubricants – производство топлива и смазочных материалов

synthetic resins and fibres – синтетические смолы и волокна

rubber - каучук

in the home - в быту.

My specialty

Our University trains specialists for oil and gas industry. As we know oil and gas play a very important role in the development of industry and our everyday life. They are used both as fuel and as raw materials for chemical industry. Metallurgy, machine building, chemical, industry, power engineering, transport and other branches can not do without oil and

I will be a mechanical engineer (an oil and gas processing engineer). I think I will work at a refinery or at a research institute. A refinery is a petroleum processing plant. It consists of 1) stills (перегонный куб) in which oil is distilled; 2) condensers (coolers) to cool the product after it comes off the stills; 3) agitators (мешалки) for the treatment(обработка) of the condensed products to remove bad odours (запахи) and impurities; 4) filters are used to filter oil ; 5) tanks - to store the final products after treatment in the agitators.

The process of oil refinery is based on the fact that different oil runnings (фракции) have different boiling points . Crude oil is run (поступает) into the still, heated and vaporized.

After graduation from the university our task will be to design new equipment for refineries, improve the existing equipment or maintain it.