Invite (somebody) to (a party/a wedding etc.):

* They only invited a few people to their wedding.

C. Some verbs can be followed by at or to, with a difference of meaning. For example:

shout AT somebody (when you are angry):

* She got very angry and started shouting at me.

shout TO somebody (so that they can bear you):

* She shouted to me from the other side of the street.

throw something AT somebody/something (in order to bit them):

* Somebody threw an egg at the minister.

throw something TO somebody (for somebody to catch):

* Judy shouted 'Catch!' and threw the keys to me from the window.

D. Explain/describe/apologize

We say explain something (TO somebody):

* Can you explain this word to me? (not 'explain me this word')

also: 'explain (to somebody) that/what/how/why ...':

* I explained to them what I wanted them to do. (not 'I explained them')

Describe is similar:

* Let me describe to you what I saw.

Note that we say 'apologize TO somebody (for ...)':

* He apologized to me. (not 'He apologized me')

but 'thank somebody (for something)', 'ask somebody (for something)':

* He asked me for money. (not 'He asked to me')

@p263

EXERCISES

131.1 Complete the sentences. Choose one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition:

explain invite laugh listen point glance speak throw throw write

1. I look stupid with this haircut. Everybody will _laugh at_ me.

2. I don't understand what this means. Can you _explain_ it _to_ me?

3. I --- my watch to see what the time was.

4. We've been --- the party but unfortunately we can't go.

5. Please --- me! I've got something important to tell you.

6. Don't --- stones --- the birds! It's cruel.

7. If you don't want to eat that sandwich, --- it --- the birds. They'll eat it.

8. Sally and Kevin had an argument and now they're not --- one another.

9. I --- Joanna last week but she hasn't replied to my letter yet.

10. Be careful with those scissors! Don't --- them --- me!

131.2 Put in to or at where necessary.

1. They only invited a few people _to_ their wedding.

2. Look --- these flowers. Aren't they pretty?

3. Please don't shout --- me! Be nice to me!

4. I saw Sue as I was cycling along the road. I shouted --- her but she didn't hear me.

5. Don't listen --- what he says. He doesn't know what he's talking about.

6. Can I speak --- you for a moment? There's something I want to ask you.

7. Do you think I could have a look --- your newspaper, please?

8. I'm a bit lonely. I need somebody to talk ---.

9. She was so angry she threw a chair --- me.

10. The woman sitting opposite me on the train kept staring --- me.

131.3 You ask somebody to explain some things that you don't understand. Write sentences using explain (something) to me or explain to me (how/what ... etc.).

1. (I don't understand this word.) _Can you explain this word to me?_

2. (I don't understand what you mean.) _Can you explain to me what you mean?_

3. (I don't understand this question.) Can you explain ---.

4. (I don't understand the system.) Can ---.

5. (I don't understand how this machine works.) ---.

6. (I don't understand what your problem is.) ---.

131.4 Put in to where necessary. If the sentence is already complete, leave an empty space (-)

1. I know who she is but I've never spoken _to_ her.

2. George won't be able to help you, so there's no point in asking (-) him.

3. I like to listen --- the radio while I'm having breakfast.

4. We'd better phone --- the restaurant to reserve a table.

5. I apologized --- Bridget for the misunderstanding.

6. Don't forget to write --- me while you're away.

7. I thanked --- everybody for all the help they had given me.

8. I explained --- everybody what they had to do.

9. Mike described --- me how the accident happened.

10. I'd like to ask --- you some questions.

@p264

UNIT 132 Verb + preposition (2) about/for/of/after

A. Verb + about

talk ABOUT .../read ABOUT .../tell somebody ABOUT .../have a discussion ABOUT...

* We talked about a lot of things at the meeting.

but 'discuss something' (no preposition):

* We discussed a lot of things at the meeting. (not 'discussed about')

also: 'do something ABOUT something' (= do something to improve a bad situation):

* If you're worried about the problem, you should do something about it.

B. Care about, care for and take care of

care ABOUT somebody/something (= think that somebody/something is important):

* He's very selfish. He doesn't care about other people.

We say 'care what/where/how' (etc.) (without 'about'):

* You can do what you like. I don't care what you do.

care FOR somebody/something:

i) = like something (usually in questions and negative sentences):

* Would you care for a cup of coffee? (= Would you like ...?)

* I don't care for very hot weather. (= I don't like ...)

ii) = look after somebody:

* Albert is 85 and lives alone. He needs somebody to care for him.

take care OF ... (= look after):

* Have a nice holiday. Take care of yourself! (= look after yourself)

C. Verb + for

ask (somebody) FOR...

* I wrote to the company asking them for more information about the job.

but * I asked her a question./They asked me the way to the station. (no preposition)

apply (TO a person, a company etc.) FOR (a job etc.):

* I think this job would suit you. Why don't you apply for it?

wait FOR .../wait FOR something to happen:

* Don't wait for me. I'll join you later.

* I'm not going out yet. I'm waiting for the rain to stop.

search (a person/a place/a bag etc.) FOR ...:

* I've searched (the house) for my keys but I still can't find them.

leave (a place) FOR (another place):

* I haven't seen her since she left (home) for work this morning. (not 'left to work')

D. Look for and look after

look FOR ... (= search for, try to find):

* I've lost my keys. Can you help me to look for them?

look AFTER ... (= take care of):

* Albert is 85 and lives alone. He needs somebody to look after him. (not 'look for')

* You can borrow this book if you promise to look after it.

@p265

EXERCISES

132.1 Put in the correct preposition. If no preposition is needed, leave the space empty (-)

1. I'm not going out yet. I'm waiting _for_ the rain to Stop.

2. You're always asking me --- money. Ask somebody else for a change.

3. I've applied --- a job at the factory. I don't know if I'll get it.

4. If I want a job at the factory, who do I apply ---?

5. I've searched everywhere --- John but I haven't been able to find him.

6. I don't want to talk --- what happened last night. Let's forget it.

7. I don't want to discuss --- what happened last night. Let's forget it.

8. We had an interesting discussion --- the problem but we didn't reach a decision.

9. We discussed --- the problem but we didn't reach a decision.

10. I don't want to go out yet. I'm waiting --- the post to arrive.

11. Keith and Sonia are touring Europe. They're in Rome at the moment, but tomorrow they leave --- Venice.

12. The roof of the house is in very bad condition. I think we ought to do something --- it.

13. We waited --- Jim for half an hour but he never came.

14. Tomorrow morning I have to catch a plane. I'm leaving my house --- the airport at 7.30.

132.2 Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + preposition:

apply ask do leave look search talk wait

1. Police are _searching for_ the man who escaped from prison.

2. We're still --- a reply to our letter. We haven't heard anything yet.

3. George likes his job but he doesn't --- it much.

4. When I'd finished my meal, I --- the waiter . the bill.

5. Kate is unemployed. She has --- several jobs but she hasn't had any luck.

6. If something is wrong, why don't you --- something it?

7. Linda's car is very old but it's in excellent condition. She --- it well.

8. Diane is from Boston but now she lives in Paris. She --- Boston --- Paris

when she was 19.

132.3 Put in the correct preposition after care. If no preposition is needed, leave the space empty (-)

1. He's very selfish. He doesn't care _about_ other people.

2. Are you hungry? Would you care --- something to eat?

3. She doesn't care --- the examination. She's not worried whether she passes or falls.

4. Please let me borrow your camera. I promise I'll take good care --- it.

5. 'Do you like this coat?' 'Not really. I don't care --- the colour.'

6. Don't worry about arranging our holiday. I'll take care --- that.

7. I want to have a good holiday. I don't care --- the cost.

8. I want to have a good holiday. I don't care --- how much it costs.

132.4 Complete the sentences with look for or look after. Use the correct form of look.

1. I _looked for_ my keys but I couldn't find them anywhere.

2. Kate is --- a job. I hope she finds one soon.

3. Who --- you when you were ill?

4. I'm --- Elizabeth. Have you seen her?

5. All the car parks were full, so we had to --- somewhere to park.

6. A baby-sitter is somebody who --- other people's children.

@p266

UNIT 133 Verb + preposition (3) about and of

Some verbs can be followed by about or of, usually with a difference of meaning:

A. dream ABOUT ...:

* I dreamt about you last night. (when I was asleep)

dream OF being something/doing something (= imagine):

* I often dream of being rich.

* 'Don't tell anyone what I said.' 'No, I wouldn't dream of it.' (=I would never do it)

B. hear ABOUT ... (= be told about something):

* Did you hear about the fight in the club on Saturday night?

hear OF ... (= know that somebody/something exists):

* 'Who is Tom Madely?' 'I've no idea. I've never heard of him.' (not 'heard from him')

Also: hear FROM ... (= receive a letter or phone call from somebody):

* 'Have you heard from Jane recently?' 'Yes, I got a letter from her a few days ago.'

C. think ABOUT ... and think OF ...

When you think ABOUT something, you consider it, you concentrate your mind on it:

* You look serious. What are you thinking about?

* 'Will you lend me the money?' 'I'll think about it.'

When you think OF something, the idea comes to your mind:

* He told me his name but I can't think of it now. (not 'think about it')

* That's a good idea. Why didn't I think of that? (not 'think about that')

We also use think of when we ask or give an opinion:

* 'What did you think of the film?' 'I didn't think much of it.'

The difference is sometimes very small. Often you can use of or about:

* When I'm alone, I often think of (or about) you.

You can say 'think of or think about doing something' (for possible future actions):

* My sister is thinking of (or about) going to Canada. (= she is considering it)

D. remind somebody ABOUT ... (= tell somebody not to forget):

* I'm glad you reminded me about the meeting. I had completely forgotten it.

remind somebody OF ... (= cause somebody to remember):

* This house reminds me of the one I lived in when I was a child.

* Look at this photograph of Richard. Who does he remind you of?

E. complain (TO somebody) ABOUT ... (= say that you are not satisfied):

* We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food.

complain OF a pain, an illness etc. (= say that you have a pain etc.):

* We called the doctor because George was complaining of a pain in his stomach.

F. warn somebody OF/ABOUT a danger, something bad which might happen:

* Everybody has been warned of/about the dangers of smoking.

warn somebody ABOUT somebody/something which is dangerous, unusual etc.:

* I knew he was a strange person. I had been warned about him. (not 'warned of him')

* Vicky warned us about the traffic. She said it would be bad.

@p267

EXERCISES

133.1 Put in the correct preposition.

1. Did you hear _about_ what happened at the party on Saturday?

2. '1 had a strange dream last night.' 'Did you? What did you dream ---?

3. Our neighbours complained --- us --- the noise we made last night.

4. Ken was complaining --- pains in his chest, so he went to the doctor.

5. I love this music. It reminds me --- a warm day in spring.

6. He loves his job. He thinks --- his job all the time, he dreams --- it, he talks --- it and I'm fed up with hearing --- it.

7. I tried to remember the name of the book but I couldn't think --- it.

8. Janet warned me --- the water. She said it wasn't safe to drink.

9. We warned our children --- the dangers of playing in the street.

133.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition:

complain dream hear remind remind remind think think warn

1. That's a good idea. Why didn't I _think of_ that?

2. Bill is never satisfied. He is always --- something.

3. I can't make a decision yet. I need time to --- your proposal.

4. Before you go into the house, I must --- you the dog. He is very aggressive sometimes, so be careful.

5. She's not a well-known singer. Not many people have --- her.

6. A: You wouldn't go away without telling me, would you?

B: Of course not. I wouldn't --- it.

7. I would have forgotten my appointment if Jane hadn't --- me --- it.

8. Do you see that man over there? Does he --- you --- anybody you know?

133.3 Complete the sentences using bear or heard + the correct preposition (about/of/from).

1. I've never _hear of_ Tom Madely. Who is he?

2. 'Did you --- the accident last night?' 'Yes, Vicky told me.'

3. Jill used to write to me quite often but I haven't --- her for ages now.

4. A: Have you --- a writer called William Hudson?

B: No, I don't think so. What sort of writer is he?

5. Thank you for your letter. It was good to --- you again.

6. 'Do you want to --- our holiday?' 'Not now. Tell me later.'

7. I live in a very small town in the north of England. You've probably never --- it.

133.4 Complete the sentences using think about or think of. Use the correct form of think.

1. You look serious. What are you _thinking about?_

2. I like to have time to make decisions. I like to --- things carefully.

3. He's a very selfish person. He only --- himself.

4. I don't know what to get Ann for her birthday. Can you --- anything?

5. A: I've finished reading the book you lent me.

B: Have you? What did you --- it? Did you like it?

6. We're --- going out for a meal this evening. Would you like to come?

7. I don't really want to go out with Ian tonight. I'll have to --- an excuse.

8. Carol is rather homesick. She's always --- her family back home.

9. When I was offered the job, I didn't accept immediately. I went away and --- it for a while. In the end I decided to take the job.

10. I don't --- much --- this coffee. It's like water.

@p268

UNIT 134 Verb + preposition (4) of/for/from/on

A. Verb + of

accuse/suspect somebody OF ...:

* Sue accused me of being selfish.

*Three students were suspected of cheating in the examination.

approve OF ...:

* His parents don't approve of what he does, but they can't stop him.

die OF (an illness):

* 'What did he die of?' 'A heart attack.'

consist OF ...:

* We had an enormous meal. It consisted of seven courses.

B. Verb + for

pay (somebody) FOR ...:

* I didn't have enough money to pay (the waiter) for the meal. (not 'pay the meal')

but 'pay a bill/a fine/a tax/a fare/rent/a sum of money etc. (no preposition):

* I didn't have enough money to pay my telephone bill.

thank/forgive somebody FOR ...:

* I'll never forgive them for what they did.

apologize (to somebody) FOR ...:

* When I realized I was wrong, I apologized (to them) for my mistake.

blame somebody/something FOR ...:

* Everybody blamed me for the accident.

also: 'somebody is to blame for ...':

* Everybody said that I was to blame for the accident.

also: blame something ON ...:

* Everybody blamed the accident on me.

C. Verb + from

Suffer FROM (an illness etc.):

* The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.

protect somebody/something FROM (or AGAINST) ...:

* Sun oil can protect the skin from the sun. (or . against the sun.)

D. Verb + on

depend ON.../rely ON ...:

* 'What time will you arrive?' 'I don't know. It depends on the traffic.'

* You can rely on Jill. She always keeps her promises.

You can use depend + when/where/how etc. (question words) with or without on:

* 'Are you going to buy it?' 'It depends how much it is.' (or depends on how much) live ON (money/food):

* George's salary is very low. It isn't enough to live on.

congratulate (someone) ON .../compliment (somebody) ON ...

* I congratulated her on her success0 the exam.

@p269

EXERCISES

134.1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.

1. Sue said I was selfish. Sue accused me _of being selfish._

2. The misunderstanding was my fault, so I apologized.

I apologized ---.

3. She won the tournament, so I congratulated her.

I congratulated her ---.

4. He has enemies but he has a bodyguard to protect him.

He has a bodyguard to protect him ---.

5. There are 11 players in a football team.

A football team consists ---.

6. She eats only bread and eggs. She lives ---.

Complete the second sentence using for or on. (These sentences all have blame.)

7. Kay said that what happened was Jim's fault. Kay blamed Jim _for what happened._

8. You always say everything is my fault. You always blame me ---.

9. Do you think the economic crisis is the fault of the government?

Do you blame the government ---.

10. I think the increase in violent crime is because of television.

I blame the increase in ---.

Now rewrite sentences 9 and 10 using ... to blame for ...

11. (9) Do you think the government ---.

12. (10) I think that ---.

134.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition:

accuse apologize approve congratulate depend live pay

1. His parents don't _approve of_ what he does, but they can't stop him.

2. When you went to the theatre with Paul, who --- the tickets?

3. It's not very pleasant when you are --- something you didn't do.

4. 'Are you playing tennis tomorrow?' 'I hope so. It --- the weather.'

5. Things are very cheap there. You can --- very little money.

6. When I saw Dave, I --- him --- passing his driving test.

7. You were very rude to Fiona. Don't you think you should --- her?

134.3 Put in the correct preposition. If no preposition is necessary, leave the space empty (-)

1. Three students were suspected _of_ cheating in the examination.

2. Sally is often not well. She suffers --- very bad headaches.

3. You know that you can rely --- me if you ever need any help.

4. It is terrible that some people are dying --- hunger while others eat too much.

5. Are you going to apologize --- what you did?

6. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay --- the damage.

7. I didn't have enough money to pay --- the bill.

8. I complimented her --- her English. She spoke fluently and made very few mistakes.

9. She hasn't got a job. She depends --- her parents for money.

10. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends --- how I feel.

11. They wore warm clothes to protect themselves --- the cold.

12. The apartment consists --- three rooms, a kitchen and bathroom.

@p270

UNIT 135 Verb + preposition (5) in/into/with/to/on

A. Verb + in

believe IN ...

* Do you believe in God? (=do you believe that God exists?)

* I believe in saying what I think. (=I believe it is right to say what I think)

specialize IN ...

* Helen is a lawyer. She specializes in company law.

succeed IN ...

* I hope you succeed in finding the job you want.

B. Verb +into

break INTO ...

* Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen.

crash/drive/bump/run INTO ...

* He lost control of the car and crashed into a wall.

divide/cut/split something INTO (two or more parts):

* The book is divided into three parts.

* Cut the meat into small pieces before frying it.

translate (a book etc.) FROM one language INTO another:

* George Orwell's books have been translated into many languages.

C. Verb + with

collide WITH ...

* There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car. (but 'crashed into') fill something WITH. (but full of.-see Unit 130B):

* Take this saucepan and fill it with water.

provide/supply somebody WITH...

* The school provides all its students with books.

D. Verb + to

happen TO ...:

* What happened to that gold watch you used to have? (= where is it now?)

prefer one thing/person TO another:

* I prefer tea to coffee.

E. Verb + on

concentrate ON ...:

* Don't look out of the window. Concentrate on your work.

insist ON ...:

* I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me.

spend (money) ON ...:

* How much money do you spend on food each week?

@p271

EXERCISES

135.1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.

1. There was a collision between a bus and a car. A bus collided _with a car._

2. I don't mind big cities but I prefer small towns.

I prefer ---.

3. I got all the information I needed from Jill.

Jill provided me ---.

4. This morning I bought a pair of shoes which cost -'60.

This morning I spent ---.

135.2 Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs (in the correct form) + the correct preposition:

believe concentrate divide drive fill happen insist succeed

1. I wanted to go alone but Sue _insisted on_ coming with me.

2. I haven't seen Harry for ages. I wonder what has --- him.

3. I was driving along when the car in front of me stopped suddenly. Unfortunately, I couldn't stop in time and --- the back of it.

4. It's a very large house. It's --- four flats.

5. I don't --- ghosts. I think people only imagine that they see them.

6. Steve gave me an empty bucket and told me to --- it --- water.

7. Don't try and do two things together --- one thing at a time.

8. It wasn't easy but in the end we --- finding a solution to the problem.

135.3 Put in the correct preposition.

1. The school provides all its students _with_ books.

2. A strange thing happened --- me a few days ago.

3. Mark decided to give up sport so that he could concentrate --- his studies.

4. I don't believe --- working very hard. It's not worth it.

5. My present job isn't wonderful, but I prefer it --- what I did before.

6. I hope you succeed --- getting what you want.

7. As I was coming out of the room, I collided --- somebody who was coming in.

8. There was an awful noise as the car crashed --- a tree.

9. Jim is a photographer. He specializes --- sports photography.

10. Do you spend much money --- clothes?

11. The country is divided --- six regions.

12. I prefer travelling by train --- driving. It's much more pleasant.

13. Somebody broke --- my car and stole the radio.

14. I felt quite cold but Peter insisted --- having the window open.

15. Some words are difficult to translate --- one language another.

16. What happened --- the money I lent you? What did you spend it?

17. The teacher decided to split the class --- four groups.

18. I filled the tank but unfortunately I filled it --- the wrong kind of petrol.

135.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences. Use a preposition.

1. I wanted to go out alone but my friend insisted _on coming with me._

2. I spend quite a lot of money ---.

3. I saw the accident. The car crashed ---.

4. Sarah prefers basketball ---.

5. Shakespeare's plays have been translated ---.

@p272

UNIT 136 Phrasal verbs (getup/ breakdown /fill in etc.)

A. We often use verbs with the following words:

in out on off up down away back round through about along over forward by

So you can say put out/get on/take off/run away etc. These verbs are phrasal verbs. We often use out/off/up etc. with verbs of movement. For example:

get on: * The bus was full. We couldn't get on.

drive off: * A woman got into the car and drove off.

come back: * Sally is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.

turn round: * When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned round.

But often the second word (out/off/up etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb. For example:

break down: * Sorry I'm late. The car broke down. (= the engine stopped working)

look out: * Look out! There's a car coming. (= be careful)

take off: * It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air)

get up: * I was very tired this morning. I couldn't get up. (= get out of bed)

get on: * How was the exam? How did you get on? (= how did you do?)

get by: * My French isn't very good but it's enough to get by. (= to manage)

B. Sometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition. For example:

* Why did you run away from me?

* You're walking too fast. I can't keep up with you.

* Are you looking forward to your holiday?

* Jack is trying to cut down on smoking. (=reduce smoking)

C. Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object. So you can say:

I turned off _the light._(object) or I turned the light off.

If the object is a pronoun (it/them/me/him etc.), only one position is possible:

I turned it off. (not 'I turned off it')

Some more examples:

* Could you fill in this form?

* Could you fill this form in?

but They gave me a form and told me to fill it in. (not 'fill in it')

* The police got into the house by breaking down the door.

* The police got into the house by breaking the door down.

but The door wasn't locked. Why did the police break it down? (not 'break down it')

* I think I'll throw away these newspapers.

* I think I'll throw these newspapers away.

but Do you want these newspapers or shall I throw them away? (not 'throw away them')

* Don't wake up the baby.

* Don't wake the baby up.

but The baby is asleep. Don't wake her up. (not 'wake up her')

@p273

EXERCISES

136.1 Complete the sentences using one of these phrasal verbs (in the correct form):

break down

drop out (= stop taking part in something)

clear up (= become brighter-for weather)

move in (= start living in a house etc.)

close down (= go out of business)

show off (= show how clever you are)

doze off (= fall asleep)

turn up (= appear/arrive)

1. Sorry I'm late. The car _broke down_ on the way here.

2. I arranged to meet Jane after work last night but she didn't ---.

3. 'We've bought a new house.' 'Oh, have you? When are you ---?'

4. There used to be a shop at the end of the street but it --- a year ago.

5. I ran in a marathon last week but I wasn't fit enough. I --- after 15 kilometres.

6. We all know how wonderful you are. There's no need to ---.

7. I was very tired. I sat in an armchair and ---.

8. The weather is horrible at the moment, isn't it? I hope it --- later.

136.2 Complete the sentences using a word from List A and a word from List B. You need to use some words more than once.

A: away back forward on out up,

B: at of to with

1. You're walking too fast. I can't keep _up with_ you.

2. My holidays are nearly over. Next week I'll be --- work.

3. We've nearly run --- money. We've got very little left.

4. Martin isn't very happy in his job because he doesn't get --- his boss.

5. I love to look --- the stars in the sky at night.

6. Are you looking --- the party next week?

7. There was a bank robbery last week. The robbers got --- 30,000 pounds.

136.3 Complete the sentences using one of these verbs (in the correct form) + it/them/her/you:

cross out give away, make up, turn down (= refuse) fill in, give back, show round see off (= see somebody leave)

1. They gave me a form and told me to _fill in it._

2. If you make a mistake on the form, just ---.

3. The story she told you wasn't true. She ---.

4. I don't like people who borrow things and don't ---.

5. Katy is going to Australia tomorrow. I'm going to the airport to ---.

6. I had a lot of books that I didn't want to keep, so I --- to a friend.

7. Would you like to see the factory? Would you like me to ---?

8. Sue was offered a job as a translator but she ---.

136.4 Complete the sentences. Use the word in brackets (away/up etc.) with one of the following:

that box your cigarette a jacket the television a word it it them him

1. Don't throw _away that box(or that away)._ I want to keep it. (away)

2. 'Do you want this box?' 'No, you can throw _it away._' (away)

3. Shhh! The children are asleep. Don't wake ---. (up)

4. We can turn --- Nobody is watching it. (off)

5. Tom got very angry and started shouting. I tried to calm --- (down)

6. I tried --- in the shop but I didn't buy it. (on)

7. Please put --- This is a no-smoking area. (out)

8. It was only a small fire. I was able to put --- quite easily. (out)

9. You can look --- in a dictionary if you don't know what it means. (up)

10. You're doing very well. Keep ---! (up)

@ff

@p274

APPENDIX 1

Regular and irregular verbs

1.1 Regular verbs

If a verb is regular, the past simple and past participle end in ~ed. For example;

infinitive: clean, finish, use, paint, stop, carry

past simple, past participle: cleaned, finished, used, painted, stopped, carried

For spelling rules, see Appendix 6.

For the past simple (I cleaned/they finished/she carried etc.), see Unit 5.

We use the past participle to make the perfect tenses and for all the passive forms.

Perfect tenses (have/has/had cleaned):

* I have cleaned the windows. (present perfect - see Units 7-8)

* They were still working. They hadn't finished. (past perfect - see Unit 15)

Passive (is cleaned/was cleaned etc.):

* He was carried out of the room. (past simple passive) see Units 41-43

* This gate has just been painted. (present perfect passive) J