
diplom2013 / chobotov-CO
.pdfB , > -
). |
|
$ — " ) , |
|
+ ’+ " ’ |
- |
) ) , ,, B " -" + B B > .
: " " 0 — B " B ," .
! " ) " )-), > , * :
-) # & "( " + + %" (:( * ), , - , ( ) " " , - , " " , ) , +- " , " , .
-) # & "( ' ) + %" (: " - " , " > , N " , -, ) , * ) -), ," B- , * .
-) # & "( -' " # + %" (: - ’ " ) - ) ; ) " "( ) ) , ) ’+, ’ )," ), -( ) > ,, .
-) # & "( / + %" (: ’ -" - " ) , " *-)), > "-" * , " , - " ) " , " ,).
E B B " ) +), " * , ) ,
|
41 |
|

B ) , " , -B ’ , > " - , .
( B B " ) * :
-) # & "($ ’/%" $ — " ) - , ’+ .
-) # & "($ , $ — " ) - , > )-" ’+ , + B " * , , ,, " , > > + )- " ’+ .
-) # & "( $ — " ) - , > " B ) (%-D , D + # ) -& , , ) " -, > > + ) .
-) # & "( ) * $ — - " ) , > B - ) (% D , D + # )B B .
( B " ) ) " " - " 2.1.
D " ) ) B B . : + +" ) .
( B " ) - " ) * :
'" ( , , , . .);
' % <, $% > )% ' <)*(/"$ ( , -#' , " , > );
' % <, $% ' > </"$ ' , < > )% "< (-, " , -, , > );
' % <, $% ' ' > </"$ ( ,
" , , , " - " > > ).
42 |
. . |
|

43
$ 2.1
E |
|
|
|
|
|
E " " ) |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
, |
|
D |
|
’+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
@ |
1. E - |
E |
- |
10 |
10 15 |
15 25 |
|
25 |
|||||
’+ : ’+- |
|
)- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
*- |
|
|
*- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
, |
- |
* . |
/, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, - |
2. |
C "- |
’ !# |
|
1 % - |
1 % |
1 % - |
||||||
, - |
|
|
|
||||||||||
- - |
|
|
|
|
|
" |
" |
- |
" |
|
|||
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
% D , |
), |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
), % D , |
. |
D + , |
#- |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. D + , #- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
! : - |
1. |
D |
" . |
|
20 |
20 50 |
50 300 |
|
300 |
||||
|
/, B- |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
2. |
D |
" . |
|
1 |
1-2 |
3 5 |
|
5 |
||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 # + |
" . |
|
— |
1 % |
|
10 % |
|
1 % |
|
||
|
|
B |
|
|
|
- |
"- |
" - |
|||||
|
|
- |
|
|
|
" |
- |
% |
% D , - |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D , |
) |
), . D + , #- |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
. D + , #- |
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|

! " ) + ’ -* :
> —.
( — " ) ( " ) ).
"$ — " ) , " +-), ’+ > . E "* + .
? " " — " *" ) .
’$" — " ) . E’ *-" " > B * - + " .
2.2.
( B "-, -) " " —B + ). ! ) B " ) ), -) & , + . = 1997 . -37,94 . - ), 6240 " , 31,70 . " .
& ) " & * " %C# (E- , ( , F ). ! & B 6000 ), -.
+:
—%C# ( " 70 000 3 );
—( " 65,5 . );
—’+ « » ( " 5000 3/ );
—" H %C# ( 1,1 . 3).
! & * + 1610 ’+ - , + " + "283 . #' , " 9,8 . ,
44 |
. . |
|
178,4 . . ( — A " — 76 ’+ ; II — 60 IAA — 1134 ’+ .
& " ’+-+ 20 . " (38,5 % ).
320 - (%= )" , A — 154 AT , II -— 47 %= , III — 108 AT .
' & -3,9 . . S " 31 " * 69 " ).
' 3,3 . , - ) > " ) " ) , > ) ’+ > .
' " > . H " "* " ) , 22 %) . ( " -’ . E - -) + 73 %. & -26 % 17 % - ).
! ) + " > -250 3/ " .
* " & , * , ," .
& + * "-) > . : * "- ) B > .
# ) " & - . & ) " B ) B "& + ( , A-, H- , % D.
! " ) & (D , D ) " ) ) . : * - ) " * " ,) ).
F & + ( ) D D ), , , .
! & , ’ " ) - *, ) , + - . E " " & .
|
45 |
|

$ 2.2
! " ) |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
= |
111 |
205 |
816 |
1996 |
|
|
|
|
|
E |
28 |
136 |
253 |
3996 |
|
|
|
|
|
A B |
* |
* |
833 |
7992 |
|
|
|
|
|
* — " . |
|
|
|
|
" ) -) .
2.2.1. ’
# ) ") ) " ’+ ( ! ). '(%C#), -(%=C ), " (%#=), - + ,, - ,, " -’+ ) .
& * ! * -.
"-+ - — ’+ , ) ) ’+ > .
( — , ) -! ".
! ) B ! , > -, + ) .
) & $ — , ’( ) " "-! , > > ’+ .
: ) -B > . F - %C# 2.3.
46 |
. . |
|

$ 2.3
|
|
|
|
' |
E |
||||
|
|
|
|
1-) , |
|
||||
! ) |
A |
|
|
1 |
, / . |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
B ) |
|
B ) |
B ) |
|
B ) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
) |
- |
@ |
5 |
|
50 |
0,0014 |
|
0,14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E |
- |
% |
50 |
|
500 |
0,14 |
|
1,4 |
|
) |
- |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# - |
M |
500 |
|
1500 |
1,4 |
|
4,2 |
||
) |
- |
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! " - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
) |
- |
: |
1500 |
|
5000 |
4,2 |
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
! " ) - |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
" - |
/ |
E |
|
E |
14 |
|
E 14 |
||
) |
- |
5000 |
|
5000 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E ) ) --:
$ 2.4
! ) |
( - |
( |
( |
|
, / . |
, /2 |
, / |
: " |
20 |
40 |
10 |
|
|
|
|
= " |
5—20 |
15—40 |
3—10 |
|
|
|
|
K |
3—5 |
15 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
!"#$%&' (!%$!)$*+', !-!($*
! ) ) "-* .
" * ) ) + - ) ) . % "-.
|
47 |
|

! ) ) B-) - , - " .
&" , -) " ) ) - ) " , " -B > , " " * ,, ".
&" ) ) B ) -( 2- ). E " +-— -" .
( ) " ) -" " : )-137, )-90, )-239.
) , ,, " .
, - , " , , ) ,, - > .
$/#/:$;+! %$< $/+$=>?;', -'@(/A$+?-!+B
"#$%&'#"*+ -+/ +#0+789:#;# '&<=#>+09'?00@ 0? A&'&B #=;?0+7>
E " - " :
1. : * . @ -- " .
2.! )" . ) " -"" . = ) " +.
3.' " " . ) * + + .
48 |
. . |
|
4.: + ) ) - , ) ) . ) " ) * .
5." . E > 0,02-0,05 -.
6.! + .
7." . -+ B , *- .
E "+ " , ") .
: , > 2/3
.
E + 10-12 , " *-" .
: " B -, "104 B , . = *+" , B , ".
E + - ) (!2):
!2 V !2 + + e–.
C , > , ’+ B , + )
!2 + – V !2 – .
) + - " .
A , > , " ) -:
!2 + V !+ + !0,
!2 – V !– + !0,
!0 + !0 V !2 2, !0 + 2 V !20.
|
49 |
|

" , : (!2 2); -(!20), ( !0),(!0), " " , + " " . ) " " () + - " , ) + "" + ) *.
! ) B ) ) -, - " .
! , 5 ' 1 -> + 0,001°#," :
5 ' / = 5 / = 500
" * .
( 2.5.
$ 2.5
' |
# |
||
|
|
||
( |
M |
||
|
|||
|
|
|
|
1,5 – 2,0 |
150 – 200 |
* |
|
2,5 – 4,0 |
250 – 400 |
|
|
4,0 – 6,0 |
400 – 600 |
|
|
6,0 – 10 |
600 – 1000 |
|
|
|
|
|
2.2.2. !( )
F " " ’+ (F! ) + ’+ , ) -), " - ) " .
' F! :
— + " , -" #' ;
50 |
. . |
|