Comments
As well as – а також; так само як; як ..., так і ...; і ... і ...;
decision-making process – процес прийняття рішень;
we can’t help – ми не можемо не;
when it comes to – коли мова йде/заходить про;
track cause and effect relationships – відслідковувати причинно-наслідкові зв'язки;
since – оскільки;
production costs – виробничі витрати;
a democracy – демократична держава; держава з демократичною формою правління;
the dice of life are simply loaded against us – удача, яка дається нам долею, легко може обернутися проти нас.
Exercise 1. Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following.
Most of our conscious life ___________________________________________
to enter the market for labour ________________________________________
to meet with economic issues ________________________________________
a nation’s large budget deficit ________________________________________
questions we can’t help dealing with ___________________________________
economic growth __________________________________________________
to improve our own as well as a nation’s welfare _________________________ __________________________________________________________________
to apply to a variety of different fields _________________________________
a wide range of economic matters _____________________________________
to become responsible and knowledgeable citizens _______________________ __________________________________________________________________
to be efficient members of the workforce _______________________________
to make better the world around us ____________________________________
to affect the quality of their life _______________________________________
Exercise 2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following.
влаштовуватися на роботу___________________________________________
переходячи з одного сайту Інтернету на інший _________________________
розміщення ресурсів________________________________________________
вивчення економіки варте наших зусиль _______________________________
аналітичний та логічний спосіб економічного мислення __________________ ___________________________________________________________________
оцінювати переваги та недоліки виборів _______________________________
витримувати конкуренцію___________________________________________
розуміти питання державної політики та міжнародних відносин ___________ ___________________________________________________________________
досягати найбільшої ефективності виробництва________________________ ___________________________________________________________________
керувати нашим особистим життям___________________________________
приймати підходящі рішення щодо напрямків економічної політики __________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3. Match the verbs/verbal phrases, prepositions (if necessary) and nouns/ noun phrases or pronouns as they occur together in the text. Translate the expressions they make into Ukrainian and read the sentences including them.
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to come |
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business |
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to enter |
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emotions |
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to get |
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good decisions |
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to go |
from |
a job |
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to have an effect |
to |
the economy |
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to manage |
in |
our aims |
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to gain |
on |
good decisions |
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to separate facts |
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money |
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to succeed |
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us |
Exercise 4. Copy out from the texts the sentences containing the following words and word-combinations and translate these sentences into Ukrainian.
a social science _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
surfing the Internet __________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
as different as we are ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
helps to realize _____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
deal with __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
involving economic issues ____________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
to be profitable _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
productive resources ________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5. Find words in the text synonymous in meaning to the following. Read the sentences containing them.
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a buyer |
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personally |
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a company |
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relations |
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a country |
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results |
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a great deal of |
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significant |
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a topic |
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individual |
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a type |
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to control |
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also |
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to deal with |
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as |
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modern |
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both … and … |
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to influence |
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correct |
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wisely |
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fundamental |
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to need |
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individuals |
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well-informed |
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logical |
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to give an opportunity |
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Exercise 6. Find in the box the English equivalents to the words listed below. More than one is possible.
вибір(2) __________________________________________________________
впливати(3) _______________________________________________________
досягти своєї мети(3) ______________________________________________
економічні міркування (2)___________________________________________
заробляти на прожиття(3) ___________________________________________
іншими словами (2)________________________________________________
мати справу з чимось(3) ____________________________________________
прибуток (3)______________________________________________________
приймати рішення(4) _______________________________________________
проблема(4) ______________________________________________________
результат(3) ______________________________________________________
ряд, коло, низка (2)_________________________________________________
спосіб (3)_________________________________________________________
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an issue |
a method |
to affect |
a number of |
a choice | ||
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to make a living |
a result |
a means |
a matter |
to decide | ||
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profit |
an effect |
a range of |
income |
to earn a living | ||
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a consequence |
a point |
to influence |
a way |
revenue | ||
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an alternative |
to deal with |
a problem |
in other words |
to do with | ||
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to come to a decision |
to have an effect on |
to achieve one’s aim | ||||
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to gain one’s purpose |
to reach one’s goal |
to put it another way | ||||
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economic reasoning |
to be concerned with |
to make a decision | ||||
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to take a decision |
economic thinking |
to gain a living | ||||
Exercise 8. Replace the words or word combinations in bold type with their synonyms.
Everyone, from the child to the elderly, is affected, one way or another, by the economy as well as by economics. 2. Most people study economics to better realize the consequences of the important economic problems with which they meet every day. 3. Economics enables people to take their decisions about how to make their living and achieve their goals in order to improve their own welfare. 4. By studying economics, we will improve an analytical, clear and critical way of economic thinking to consider alternatives. 5. The study of economics helps us to trace cause and effect relationships of issues involving inflation, unemployment, poverty as well as economic growth and budget deficit. 6. Economics is a social science that deals with society's decisions concerning allocation of resources in the most efficient way. 7. In a democracy government applies to economics to determine its economic policies which, in turn, have an effect on the achievements of a nation’s economic goals. 8. Knowledge of economics enables businessmen to gain the greatest possible profits with the least possible production costs.
Exercise 9. Translate the words in brackets into Ukrainian.
… (Економіка) provides … (логічний спосіб)of studying … (ряду) of problems. The field of … (економіки)covers topics ranging from making certain business decisions to some of society’s … (найбільш важливих проблем). … (Не можливо) to fully … (зрозуміти) politics, social reforms, or … (міжнародні відносини) without … (розуміння) of their economic value. An undergraduate education in … (економіки дає можливість людям) to better realize and help solve … (проблеми) in today's … (бізнесі та суспільстві).
Economic(s) training helps develop … (способи логічного мислення) and problem solving which can be used in our lives as … (ефективний учасник робочої сили), responsible and … (добре обізнаний громадян), informed consumers, savers, and investors, and perceptive participants in the … (глобальній економіці).
Exercise 10. Translate the text into Ukrainian.
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Why is it important to study economics or learn about our economy? |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
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There are many reasons, but one of the most important is that the study of economics is concerned with how people draw their living and get the goods and services they need and want. |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
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It also deals with money – how it is made, lost, used and misused and how to manage it in the most efficient way. |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
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When our economy succeeds, we as a nation and as people improve our own welfare. |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
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When our economy is in crisis or doesn't gain its goals we as people don't always get the goods and services we need. |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
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Thus, it is important for all people to be knowledgeable citizens when it comes to a nation’s economy as well as the world economy. |
_____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ |
Exercise 11. Translate into English using the active vocabulary.
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Exercise 12. Answer the following questions.
What kind of science is economics? 2. What does economics explain? 3. Why are people’s lives concerned with the economy as well as with economics? 4. What economic issues do we meet with every day of our lives? 5. Why do these economic issues affect us?6. Why is studying economics worth people’s effort and time?7. Why do people have different reasons to study economics? 8. What does economics mean for different people? 9. What does economics enable us to do? 10. Why does economic reasoning become a part of a contemporary society’s everyday life? 11. Why does economics teach people how to gain a living? 12. Why should people in the world of business require knowledge of economics? 13. What is a basic understanding of economics widely used for? 14. In what way do people use their basic understanding of economics? 15. Why does economics affect the quality of individuals? 16. In what way does economics help businessmen have profitable firms? 17. Why is economics important for governments? 18. Why is economics considered so important? 19. What are the ways economic knowledge helps us in succeeding in our material welfare? 20. How can learning of economics help the young people to succeed in preparing for life?
