National Health Service in the uk

1. When is the NHS created?What is the aim of it?

It was created in 1948.One of the main aims of the NHS is to respect the confidentiality of individual patients and provide open access to the information about services.

2. What way is the NHS funded?

Funding for the NHS is met from tax and National Insurance contributions paid by all persons over the age of 18 and employers in the UK.

3. What kinds of health care are charged for?

The NHS provides free of charge service for the patient.There are private hospital where the patient’s pay money for treatment.Patients in England elder 18 pay a fixed price for each drug they are prescribed.The real price of this drug may be bigger or smaller.Such services as ambulance and mental services are financed from the NHS budget.

4. Speak on the General Practitioners as the core of the NHS.

The core of service is the General Practitioners (GP or family doctors) who are responsible for the care of patients registered with them.GPs are mostly private doctors that choose to contract with the NHS to provide services to patients.

Health care system in the usa

5. How is American health care system organized?

PHS consist of family doctor medical establishment and PHS itself

In USA the Department of Health and Human Services is the executive committee of US government.It was created in 1953 (firstly) as the department of Welfare and Health.There are such agency of the Public Health Service as : Health administration, the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Agency of Toxic Substances and Diseases Registry.

6. How do people pay for health care in the USA?What are Medicare and Medicaid?

Health care in USA is charged.It’s the most expensive health care system in the world.Aproximately 75% of the population have their health insurance.Most employers and their families now pay more than 50% or the cost of health insurance.

There are 2 programs of the federal government : Medicare and Medicaid(started in 1966 and providing free medical care for the poor and aged, for the blind and dependent children.Medicare started in 1967 and provide free or discounted medical care for Americans over 65.

7. What are the agents of the Public Health Service?

The agencies of the Public Health Service are:

Health Administration

Centers for Diseases Control and Prevent

The Food and Drug Administration

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

The Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

8. What are the problems of health care system in the USA?

The main problems of health care system in the USA are AIDS, medical care of mental patients and to the needs of growing segments of population – the elderly, single parent families, and cultural, ethnic and racial minorities.

Hospitals

9. What types of medical institutions are there in the communities?

There are General and Specialized medical institutions.

10. What are the difference between general and specialized hospitals?

General hospitals provide such services as : general and specialized medicine, surgery, obstetrics, seven-days treatment and acute cases.Specialised hospitals provide other services.They are TB, long-term treatment, rehabilitation, psychiatry.

11. What are the types of hospitals according to the means of their financial support ?

There are government, private and voluntary or non-profit hospitals.

12. Why are emergency units in hospitals becoming more important?

Because emergency rooms usually operate on a twenty four hours a day, they are equipped with the most sophisticated facilities, available today.They have always been used by the critically ill or injured, but now even people with the conditions which aren’t critical may get treatment.

13. Name medical specialties and define each.

• Allergist (a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases or conditions caused by allergy)

• Anaesthesiologist (use drugs and gases to render patients unconscious during the operation)

• Cardiologists (treat heart diseases)

• Dermatologists (treat infections, growths, and injuries related to the skin)

• Gynaecologist (a physician who specializes in the care, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system.)

• Neurologists (treat disorders of the central nervous system)

• Obstetricians (work with women throughout their pregnancy deliver infants and care for the mother after the delivery)

• Oncologists ( specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and tumors)

• Pathologists (study the characteristics causes and progression of diseases;examine dead bodies to find out the cause of death)

• Otolaryngologists (specialize in the treatment of conditions or diseases of the ear nose and throat)

• Radiologists (perform diagnosis and treatment by the se of X-rays and radioactive materials)

• Surgeons (a doctor who treats injuries or diseases by operations in which the body sometimes has to be cut open, and to remove a diseased part.)

• Urologists (specialize in conditions of the urinary tract in both sexes and of the sexual/reproductive systems in males)

• Emergency medicine (work specifically in emergency departments where they treat acute illnesses and emergency situations)

• Paediatricians (provide care for children from birth to adolescence)

• General practitioner (A physician whose practice is not oriented to a specific medical specialty but instead covers a variety of medical problems in patients of all ages)