10. What are the types of hospitals according to their means of financial support?

Hospitals can also be categorized by their means of financial support. Most hospitals in the world are operated and financed by the government of their country. Other hospitals are private, non-profit institutions, known as voluntary hospitals. The primary mission of such hospitals is to ensure the needs of community in which they are located. Proprietary or investor-owned hospitals are run to make a profit.

10. What hospital staff members do you know? What are their duties and responsibilities?

There are such hospital staff members as:

nurses - they care for patients, especially in a hospital;

social workers - they help disabled people with their illness or injury, teach them the skills, and, when possible, help them to resume their work;

pharmacists- they prepare and dispense medicines;radiographers-they work in the X-ray department;

paramedics - they do medical work, especially emergency first aid;

physiotherapistsaid - they use massage, heat and exercise to treat disease or injury;

medical laboratory scientists - they carry out tests for illnesses, like blood tests;

midwives - they are trained to assist women in childbirth;

hospital porters -they move equipment or patients on trolleys and in wheelchairs;

speech therapists - they help people with speech problems to speak more clearly; occupational therapists -they help the patients with problems of everyday life at home; dieticians -they evaluate diets, assess nutritional status and plan diets for people with specific conditions.

10. Name medical specialties and define them.

Anaesthesiologist - use drugs and gases to render patients unconscious during surgery cardiologists - treat heart diseases; gynaecologists - involved in the health care of the reproductive system of women

neurologists - treat disorders of the central nervous system and or- der tests necessary to detect diseases

oncologists - specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and tumors; psychiatrists - help patients recover from mental illnesses and re- gain their mental health;

General Practitioners - examine and treat patients or order tests and have X-rays done to diagnose different types of illnesses;

General Surgeons - operate on patients to treat disease, repair injury, correct deformities, and improve the health of patients; ect.

10. What are the components of the history-taking process? Describe each component.

The history-taking process is a well established and has some components:

1) History of presenting complaint (HPC). The main symptoms should be clearly defined as soon as possible.The onset, severity, progression, associated features or symptoms are all important.

2) History of present illness (HPI). The patient is requested to give an account of recent events in their own words which may be recorded in the history sheet.

3) Systemic enquiry (SE). The history is taken of the main symptoms of the major bodily systems.

4) Past medical history (PMH). Patients are asked about theirprevious medical/surgical diseases.

5) Drug history (DH) and allergies (ALL). Information is obtained on any medication prescribed, self-administered drugs.

6) Family history (FH) provides information about any predisposition to disease, and relevant information on relatives.

7) Social history (SH). Information is collected about the patient's occupational, social, personal factors, such as habits,ment, housing, interests, sports, hobbies, physical exercise, the use of alcohol, tobacco, recreational drugs.