English для юристов. Гончар

Part ІII. BUSINESS ENGLISH

7.Can you explain the rules of positive legal systems in the Middle Ages?

8.What doctrine was the banner of the Enlightenment? What did it assume?

9.What is the role of USA in the forming of constitutional law?

4.Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets.

1.The constitution of a (політична спільнота) may also include principles that (визначати межи) powers to command in order to secure against them fundamental rights of persons or groups.

2.If a proposal is out of order the presiding officer of a club is obliged to rule if it is ( суперечити) to a provision of its constitution.

3.The only (можлива) alternative to a constitution is a condition of anarchy.

4.The constitution of a political community is (складатися) of the principles determining the agencies to which the task of governing the community is (наділяти) and their (відповідні повноваження).

5.(Вирішальний момент) in the history of Western constitutional law occurred when a theory of natural law based on the («невід’ємне п5 раво») of the individual was developed.

5. Find the meaning in which the word «constitution» is used in the text:

1.System of government; laws and principles according to which a state is governed.

2.General physical structure and condition of a person’s body.

3.General structure of a thing; act or manner of constituting.

BUILD UP YOUR VOCABULARY

6.Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their Ukrainian equivalents.

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Module 11. Unit 4

7.WORD FAMILIES. Give the word family of the word constitution

(such as adjective, verb, noun etc.). Translate them into Ukrainian.

8.Find in the text all the word combinations with the word and family of the word «constitution». Give their Ukrainian equivalents. Make up your own sentences with them.

9.Complete the sentences with the given words:

unwritten trade union essentials govern individual affair

1.Constitutional law is the body of rules, doctrines, and practices that

___________ the operation of political communities.

2.In the broadest sense a constitution is a body of rules governing the of an organized group.

3.A parliament, a church congregation, a social club, or a______

______may operate under the terms of a formal written document labelled constitution.

4.Constitutions may be written or ___________; they may be complex or simple; they may provide for vastly different patterns of governance.

5.The theory of the rights of the___________ was a potent factor in reshaping the constitutions of Western states in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

6.The American idea of stating in an orderly, comprehensive docu5 ment the____________ of the rules that must guide the operations of government became popular very quickly.

Post reading tasks

1. Match these documents with the descriptions below:

1.______________a document, frequently but not essentially, of high standing in constitutional law, which sets out protections for the citizens, usually from the state itself.

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Part ІII. BUSINESS ENGLISH

2.______________one of the foundations of the notion of the rule of law, signed by King John at Runymede,15 June 1215.

2. Explain the meaning of the following in English:

5The Oriental kingdom;

5the advent of Christianity;

5the Scholastics;

5the Enlightenment;

5the Glorious Revolution.

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Module 12 Unit 1

Curriculum Vitae

Vocabulary in use

Pre reading tasks

1.Have you ever worked? What documents did you have to supply?

2.What is resume?

Reading tasks

1.Read the first part of the text to understand the purpose of Curriculum Vitae writing.

CURRICULUM VITAE

Curriculum vitae = C V = resume (USA) = brief personal history. When a company needs to recruit new people, it can give an anno5

uncement in the «Need help» section of a newspaper.

People who are looking for a job can send a letter of application or covering letter (USA cover letter) and in some cases a curriculum vitae or c.v. (in the USA — resume) containing details of their education and experience. A company may ask candidates to fill up a standard application form (see below). The company’s Human Resources department selects the most suitable applications and prepares a short list of candidates or applicants, who are invited to attend an interview.

CVs are required for all except the most junior jobs, and are used as a basis for assessment and comparison of applicants for a job.

CVs provide information about an applicant, set out in a way that is easy to read. They should include: name; address and telephone number; date and place of birth; nationality; married or single (give the ages of any children); dates and places of education; examinations passed, especially if internationally recognized; knowledge of English and of other languages; previous employment and work experience; outside interests, hobbies, etc. CVs can vary slightly in the layout, but all give the same basic information. How to write a resume? What Is a Resume?

A resume is a one or two page summary of your skills, accom5 plishments, experiences, and education designed to capture a pros5

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Part ІII. BUSINESS ENGLISH

pective educator’s or employer’s interest. The purpose of a resume is to introduce yourself to a university, a job or any place where you apply. It is the primary tool of your education or job search and may take several drafts to prepare effectively.

Before you can write an effective resume, you must first be able to identify your skills and abilities as well as your special needs relating to the work environment, salary, geographic location, and people environment. This will help you to develop a career objective.

As you write your resume, keep in mind the following: 1. Use concise language; 2. Minimize or omit everything that is irrelevant; 3. Place the most important information at the beginning of your resu5 me; 4. There must be no grammatical errors; 5. Let an experienced person read it; 6. Print your resume on good paper.

A curriculum vitae/resume must accompany each application for volunteer service. Listed below are the specific items needed:

PERSONAL DETAILS

•Name in full

•Current address

•Phone number

•Fax number

•Email

•Date and Place of birth (optional at time of application but is required for visa and insurance purposes)

EDUCATION

•Secondary School and dates attended

•University/Institute and dates attended

•Educational degrees / certificates date/month received

•Also include any positions held

WORK EXPERIENCE

• List dates, locations and positions

SPECIAL INTERESTS / HOBBIES / SKILLS

•Competitions and any achievements

•Community involvement

•Sport, arts, music, etc.

AIMS IN LIFE

REFERENCES

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Module 12. Unit 1

Texan Publishers InC. an equal opportunities employer

APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT

All qualified applicants will receive equal opportunity for employment without regard to race, creed, color, national origin, sex or age.

NAME _______________________________________________________

LAST FIRST MIDDLE

RESIDENCE __________________________________________________

STREET ADDRESS

_____________________________________________________________

CITY STATE ZIP CODE

TELEPHONE _________________________________________________

SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER ___________________________________

DO NOT WRITE HERE — OFFICE USE ONLY

DATE OF INTERVIEW __________ POSITION ______________________

SALARY $ _____________________INTERVIEWED BY_______________

HIRE ________________________ DEPT. __________________________

SPECIAL NOTES ______________________________

TO BE COMPLETED IF & WHEN EMPLOYED

DATE OF BIRTH _____________ MARITAL STATUS _____________

MAIDEN NAME IF APPLICABLE _________________

EMPLOYMENT DATA:

REFERRED BY _____________ SALARY DESIRED _________

APPLICATION FOR POSITION OF ________________________________

FULL TIME PART TIME SUMMER TEMPORARY OTHER

ARE YOU WILLING TO WORK OVERTIME AS REQUIRED? YES NO

PERSONAL DATA:

If you are not a U.S. citizen, what is your Alien Registration or Visa Classification Form Number?

Have you ever been convicted of any violation of law other than minor traffic violation? If yes, indicate disposition.

MEDICAL HISTORY:

Do you have any medical problem that would prevent you from performing the job you applied for? Yes No

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PREVIOUS EMPLOYMENT:

Are you now employed? ____

If so, may we inquire of your present employer? Present or last employment ____

Reason for leaving _______________________________________

Describe major duties

AS AN APPLICANT YOU AGREE TO AND UNDERSTAND THE FOLLOWING:

1 I understand Texan Publishers Inc. follows an cmployment5at5will policy, in that I or Texan Publishers may terminate my employment at any time, or for any reason consistent with applicable state or federal law. I understand that this appli5 cation is not a contract of employment. I understand that to be employed I must be lawfully authorized to work in the United States, and I must show Texan Publishers documents that will prove this.

2 1 understand that Texan Publishers will thoroughly investigate my work and personal history and verify all data given on this application, on related papers, and in interviews. I authorize all individuals, schools and firms named herein, except my current employer if so noted, to provide any information requested about me, and I release them from all liability for damage in providing this information.

3 I certify that all statements herein are true and understand that any falsification or willful omission shall be sufficient cause for dismissal or refusal of employment.

Signature of Applicant

Date __________

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Module 12. Unit 1

2.Read the second part of the text to be ready to select the best CV format in your situation.

Selecting your CV format

To get yourself noticed it is important to use a CV format which will best represent you in the jobs market. There is any number of ways of laying out (планувати) a CV, but these can in fact be reduced to 5 basic examples: Chronological CV (traditional approach (підхід) superseded (заміняти)by the Performance CV), Functional CV, Performance CV (an updated form of the Chronological CV), Targeted CV and Alternative CV. The three major formats of resume used by students are Chronological, Functional, and Combined. Each format has particular advantages that you must consider as you prepare it. Choose a format that best empha5 sizes your skills and experiences, and relates to your job objective. Each of these formats has its advantages and disadvantages (see below).

In general the Performance CV works best for most people, assuming that you are staying in the same field. If this format is unsuitable for you then you could try either the Functional or Targeted CV formats and see which reads/looks better for you. Even if you create a Performance CV for yourself, there are times when a Functional/Targeted CV may help you secure an interview when a Performance CV would fail.

Performance or Chronological CV

In a Performance or Chronological format your employment history is shown in reverse chronological order, with your most recent job first. Job titles and company names are strongly emphasized and duties and achievements are described under each job title. You should use a Performance CV when you are seeking a job which is directly in line with your past experiences or your last employer was a household name. The only difference between a Chronological CV and a Perfor5 mance CV is that the Performance CV highlights a list of your major achievements near the start of your CV.

Advantages:

1.If you are planning to stay in the same field/work area.

2.If you want to show5off your promotions.

3.If the name of your last employer is highly prestigious.

4.Most people prefer this format to the other formats listed here because it is easy to see who you have worked for and what you did in each particular job.

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Part ІII. BUSINESS ENGLISH

Disadvantages:

1.If you are planning to change career direction.

2.If you have frequently changed employer.

3.If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through unemployment, redundancy, self5employment, ill health, etc.

4.If you do not have many achievements (you could just leave out the achievements section as in a traditional Chronological CV) or your achievements are not in line with what you want to do now — either leave out the achievements section or consider using a Functional or Targeted CV

Functional CV

The Functional format highlights major areas of accomplishment and strength. Actual titles and work history are in a subordinate position and sometimes left off entirely. This style gives you flexibility in emphasis and eliminates repetition of job assignments. This type of CV highlights the main functions/achievements of your whole career and it can therefore be very useful if you have had a varied career or you are seeking a change of career direction. In this format, job titles and company names are given less dominance or even omitted (не вклю5 чати) in some cases.

Advantages:

1.If you want to emphasize abilities and achievements that have not been used in your most recent job(s).

2.If you are changing career direction.

3.If you have had a large number of jobs and you would prefer to describe the experience you have gained in total.

4.If you want to include voluntary/unpaid experience.

5.If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through unemployment, redundancy, self5employment, ill health, etc.

Disadvantages:

1.If you want to highlight promotions/career growth — you could include this sort of information on the second page of your CV, but it would not be as prominent as on a Performance CV.

2.If your most recent employer is highly prestigious, because their name will not be prominently displayed on the first page. You can get round this by putting their name in both the profile and cover letter.

3.If your job has only a limited number of functions.

4.Unusual CV format — may not be liked by everyone.

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Module 12. Unit 1

Targeted CV

This type of CV emphasizes your abilities and achievements which are directly relevant to a specific job target. It is best used when you are planning a change of career direction.

Advantages:

1.If you want to emphasize abilities and achievements that have not been used in your most recent job(s).

2.If you are changing career direction.

3.If you have had a large number of jobs and you would prefer to describe the experience you have gained in total.

4.If you want to include voluntary/unpaid experience.

5.If your work history has been patchy in recent years, either through unemployment, redundancy, self5employment, ill health, etc.

6.If you have several completely different job targets and you need a

CV for each.

Disadvantages:

1.If you want to highlight promotions/career growth — you could include this sort of information on the second page of your CV, but it would not be as prominent as on a Performance CV.

2.If your most recent employer is highly prestigious, because their name will not be prominently displayed on the first page. You can get round this by putting their name in both the profile and cover letter.

3.Unusual CV format — may not be liked by everyone.

Alternative CV

This sort of CV is suitable for creative careers in, for example, writing, public relations and fashion designers. It is not suitable for senior mana5 gers/executives who would be better advised to use the Performance CV.

Advantages:

1.If the job requires exceptional talent in either the written or visual mediums.

2.If you will be applying directly to the person you will be working for.

Disadvantages:

1.Not to be used if you are seeking a management position.

2.If you are planning to apply through normal channels such as advertised vacancies/the Personnel Department.

3.This CV format may fail utterly if your ideas are not well received by the recipient of your CV.

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