О. М. Ільченко Англійська мова для науковців
.pdfChapter 11 |
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3.According to the passage Snow was
a.a modernist
b.a realist
c.a post-modernist
d.a pessimist
4.It can be inferred from the passage that Snow was 59 years old when he
a.wrote «The Masters»
b.became a Parliamentary Secretary
c.received the Nobel Prize
d.died
5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as Snow's literary works?
a.detective stories
b.biographical portraits
c.critical biography
d.science fiction
Exercise 12 Choose the one word or phrase that best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for it.
1.The question is quite straightforward.
a.complex
b.original
c.unusual
d.simple
2.They've accomplished a great deal in the last few weeks.
a.acquired
b.advertised
c.achieved
d.finished
3.This constuction is anything but safe.
a.somewhat
b.not at all
c.quite
d.very
4.Innovators have little hesitancy in trying something new.
a.time
b. indecision
c.experience
d.hope
5.These negotiations are crucial to our project.
a.of little importance
b.of some importance
c.of no importance
d.of deciding importance
6.I think it's a fairly difficult exercise.
a.rather
b.very
c.an unusually
d.anything but
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Chapter 11 |
7.Gravity works equally on all bodies.
a.objectively
b.energetically
c.identically
d.clearly
8.Inventors do combine patience, skill and pragmatism.
a.finally
b.now
c.really
d.jointly
9.The situation is not impossible.
a.not possible
b.possible
c.quite easy
d.not difficult
10.It's really the spirit of innovation.
a.ultimately
b.realistically
c.metaphorically
d.indeed
Noteworthy
Appendix |
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Appendix
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Appendix I |
I
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS FOR DISCUSSION
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Expression of |
FEEDBACK |
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SAY |
DO |
Oh, sure. О, так |
Make eye contact with the speaker. |
Oh, I see. О, зрозуміло |
Nod your head. |
Uh-huh. |
Smile. |
Uhm-hmm. |
Look surprised when something |
Well. |
surprises you. |
All riqht. Добре |
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During the discussion: |
INITIATE THE DISCUSSION |
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Perhaps we could begin by discussing our problem. Можливо, ми почнемо з обговорення нашого питання. Could I suggest that we get everyone's opinion on that? Будь ласка, ваші думки з цього приваду?
ASK PEOPLE FOR OPINIONS, INFORMATION, AND EXPLANATIONS.
Could you tell us what you think? Чи не могли б ви сказати, що ви думаєте? Does anyone know more about this? Може, хтось знає ще щось стосовно цього?
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wonder |
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I |
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am wondering |
why... |
Цікаво, чому ... |
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was wondering |
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OFFER OPINIONS AND GIVE INFORMATION |
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I believe that ... |
Я вважаю, що —... I guess... |
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In my opinion ... |
На мою думку ... |
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It seems to me that |
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Здається ... |
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My feeling is that ... |
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Я відчуваю, що |
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I have every reason to believe that ... |
Я маю підстави вважати, що ... |
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SUMMARIZE INFORMATION
То summarize, ... Підсумовуючи, ...
ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO SPEAK BY BEING COOPERATIVE AND BY ACCEPTING DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW.
Do you agree? Ви згодні? |
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Do you have the same opinion? Ви також думаете так? |
Have you got... |
American English |
British English |
I think some people here probably disagree with us. I'd like to hear what they have to say. Можливо дехто з присутніх не згоден з нами. Хотілося б послухати, що вони скажуть. I know Alex has a different point of view. I'd be interested in hearing it.
Я знаю, що Алекс мае іншу думку. Мені було б цікаво її почути. Do you consider (believe) that ... Ви вважаете, що ...
Appendix II |
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II ABOUT YOU
1.
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scientist? |
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(post)graduate student? |
Are you a |
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biologist? |
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geographer? |
I wonder |
│ if |
│ you are a |
mathematician? |
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│ whether |
│ |
specialist in information technology? |
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physicist? |
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chemist? |
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linguist? |
Yes, that's right I'm afraid that's wrong
2.
What is your educational background?
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І graduated from ... in ... I |
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have graduated from ... |
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Who is your |
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research advisor? |
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supervisor? |
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...Academician |
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Professor ... |
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Doctor ... |
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What is the subject/topic of your
What do you mean by ...
Explain the term ...
research?
investigation?
thesis?
dissertation?
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Why is your work important?
It reveals some new facts |
about ... |
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indispensable for ... |
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It deals with the problems that have not been studied before.
It is an insight into ...
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Appendix II |
6.
What is the aim / goal / objective / of your research?
to obtain to show In oder to reach my goal I have to ... to verify
to demonstrate to confirm
7.
methods
What are the procedures of your research? techniques
8.
What is the possible application of your work?
theoretical?
applied?
Is your work both theoretical and applied purely theoretical?
part of your Institute Research Program?
9.
Have you already obtained any valuable results?
Yes, I have. (...)
I do hope to obtain (more) promising results in the near future; soon.
What do you do with the data you obtain? Is it difficult to analyze the results?
(How) can you claim that the problem you studied is solved?
10.
What (equipment) do you use in your work?
Do you use a computer? What for?
Іuse sophisticated devices; laboratory equipment. I don't use any special equipment (devices).
Іuse a computer to store and to process the necessary data.
What software do you use?
Appendix II |
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11. |
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Have you got any publications on the subject you study? |
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І have already published |
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several |
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articles. |
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a number of |
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papers. |
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Not yet. |
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12. |
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Did you take part in any scientific conference? |
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Where? |
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When? |
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13. |
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Do you carry out research individually or in a team?
І work in a team.
I do independent research. / I work independently.
14.
What (scientific) journals do you read/
What do you like to read?
I'm fond of...
I prefer ... to ...
15.
Are you interested in ... ?
interesting? of interest?
Is this problem important?
of importance? of significance?
16.
What part of your dissertation have you already completed?
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Appendix III |
III
ABSTRACT (a short summary of a paper)
Наводяться: загальний напрямок, завдання, мета дослідження, короткий виклад теоретичних та експериментальних результатів, загальні висновки.
За змістом та методами дослідження
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анотації |
анотації |
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анотації |
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наукових статей, де наводяться |
наукових статей — узагальнень |
оглядових наукових статей |
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результати оригінальних |
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теоретичних i/або |
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експериментальних досліджень |
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«Characteristics of ...» |
«Prospects for ...» |
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«An overview of ...» |
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(... are examined) |
(The potential for ... is examined) |
(A summary/overview of... is |
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presented) |
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1 |
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studies ... |
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The present paper |
examines the problem of ... |
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concentrates on аnalyzing ... |
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describes ... |
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presents ... |
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This paper |
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deals with ... |
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considers ... |
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proposes a new approach to ... |
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Considered here are a) ... b) ... c) ... In this paper we discuss ...
objective
The (main) goal of this paper is to ...
aim
purpose
An efficient method is proposed for ...
The method is based on ...
Aspects of ... are discussed,
It is shown / demonstrated that ...
Special attention / consideration is given to ...
Studies of ... also indicate that ...
Recommendations for ... are presented.
Conclusions regarding ... are |
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made |
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arrived at. |
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theoretical |
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The results of |
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study are presented. |
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experimental |
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The novel theoretical model is verified by experimental results. |
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Experimental data and analytical results are found to be in good agreement.
The experimental results showed excellent agreement with theory.
Appendix III |
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2
In this general paper the role of ... in ... is discussed.
The extension of ... and possibilities of its practical application to ... are considered.
Subject matter related to ... as well as to ... is considered.
3
A review of ... essential for ... is presented.
Present status and theoretical (experimental) results of ... are summarized.
A bibliography of ... references is included.
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Appendix IV |
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IV |
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CONFERENCE MINI-VOCABULARY |
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a world ~ |
symposium |
a research ~ |
всесвітня |
симпозіум |
наукова |
international ~ |
conference ~ |
a stimulating ~ |
міжнародна |
конференція |
цікава |
a regular ~ |
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an annual ~ |
чергова |
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щорічна |
скликати, збирати ~ |
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to convene a ~ |
відкриття ~ |
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opening of a ~ |
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opening ceremony / session |
рамки (межі) ~ |
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scope of a ~ |
тематика ~ |
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topics, themes, subjects, subject-matter of a ~ |
хід ~ |
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the course of a ~ |
бути організатором ~ |
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to host a ~ |
організовувати - |
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to organize a ~ |
проводити ~ |
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to run a ~ |
при сприянні ... |
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under the auspices of ... |
місце проведення ~ |
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location/place of a ~ |
точна дата |
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the exact date |
заздалегідь |
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in advance |
ухвалити дату |
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to approve the date |
завершувати ~ |
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to conclude a ~ |
закривати ~ |
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to close a ~ |
учасник |
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participant, attendee |
брати участь |
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to take part, |
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to participate |
заявка |
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an application form |
анкета |
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questionnaire |
заповнювати анкету |
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to fill out a questionnaire |
ставити підпис |
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to sign |
рукопис |
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a manuscript |
екземпляр |
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a copy (of) |
праці конференції |
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proceedings/transactions |
дошка для оголошень |
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bulletin board |
стіл для довідок |
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an information desk |
реєстраційний внесок |
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a fee (a registration fee) |
звільнити від сплати |
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to exempt from paying a registration free |
реєстраційного внеску |
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культурна програма |
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social events |