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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5739_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
HOSPITHOSPIT
HOSPITHOSPIT
HOSPIT
AL PHARMAAL PHARMA
AL PHARMAAL PHARMA
AL PHARMA
CYCY
CYCY
CY
It is the department in a hospital where the direction is given
by registered medical practitioner (RMP) to pharmacist, who
supplies medications and other medical devices to the nursing
units and other places where prescriptions are filled for
ambulatory patients and outpatients. The educational and
training program of pharmacist includes.
• Effectively manage an organized pharmaceutical service.
• Develop and provide clinical services.
• Conduct and participate in clinical and pharmaceutical
research.
• Conduct and participate in educational programs for health
practitioners, students, and the public.
Pharmacist is a backbone of healthcare system. Different
roles of pharmacist are like industrial, academics, community
health, clinical research, drug design and discovery, developing
NDDS, etc. In nutshell pharmacist plays an integral part of
healthcare system.
“Physician gives medicine to the patients but life to medicine
is given by pharmacist”.
RR
RR
R
oles of Pharmacist in Education and Toles of Pharmacist in Education and T
oles of Pharmacist in Education and Toles of Pharmacist in Education and T
oles of Pharmacist in Education and T
raining raining
raining raining
raining (Fig. 14.1)
In academic pharmacist focuses on teaching, research and
training of the upcoming pharmacist. Academic institutes
are major source of pharmacist, who add professional into
healthcare system. By arranging seminar, project, or system
academics, pharmacist plays valuable role in healthcare system.
Education and Training
Program in Hospital
14
Education and Training Program in Hospital 139
Education motivates the professionals in the healthcare system.
From their basic education training and pre-registration
training, students acquire a broad understanding of the
scientific principles and techniques of the pharmaceutical
sciences and the ability to keep pace throughout their careers
with developments in medicine and pharmacy. Their
knowledge and expertise extent to all aspects of the pre-
paration, distribution, action and uses of drugs and medicines
as well as to enable those who wish to continue their studies to
undertake postgraduate training and research.
Educational training programs help to professionals for
their current knowledge. Pharmacist also provides specialized
knowledge regarding drugs and therapeutic action by their
practical training.
CODE OF ETHICSCODE OF ETHICS
CODE OF ETHICSCODE OF ETHICS
CODE OF ETHICS
DefinitionDefinition
DefinitionDefinition
Definition
Pharmacists are health professionals who assist individuals
in making the best use of medications. This code, prepared and
supported by pharmacists, is intended to state publicly the
principles that form the fundamental basis of the roles and
responsibilities of pharmacists. These principles, based on
moral obligations and virtues, are established to guide phar-
macists in relationships with patients, health professionals,
and society.
Fig. 14.1: Various roles of pharmacist
Pharmacy Practice140
Code of Ethics for Community PharmacistCode of Ethics for Community Pharmacist
Code of Ethics for Community PharmacistCode of Ethics for Community Pharmacist
Code of Ethics for Community Pharmacist
The principles of the code of ethics are compulsory. As a
registered pharmacist or pharmacy technician the professional
and personal conduct will be judged against the code. It is the
responsibility as a pharmacist or pharmacy technician to apply
the principles of the code of ethics to their daily work, for
treatment or care of patients. The seven principles are of equal
importance. The seven principles of code of ethics are:
i. The care of patients is the first concern
ii. Professional judgment to be taken in the interests of
patients and the public
iii. Show respect for others
iv. Encouraging patients regarding health
v. Developing professional knowledge and competence
vi. Be honest and trustworthy
vii. Take responsibility for the working practices.
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY
PHARMAPHARMA
PHARMAPHARMA
PHARMA
CYCY
CYCY
CY
Community pharmacists are experts on medicines. Working
with doctors and other healthcare professionals. Community
pharmacists are helping patients to get the most from their
medicines so that they suffer fewer symptoms, experience less
side effects and understand their treatment better.
Community pharmacy means any place under the direct
supervision of a pharmacist where the practice of pharmacy
occurs or where prescription orders are compounded and
dispensed other than a hospital pharmacy or a limited service
pharmacy.
RR
RR
R
ole of Community Pharmacistole of Community Pharmacist
ole of Community Pharmacistole of Community Pharmacist
ole of Community Pharmacist
A community pharmacist is the expert on medicine who is in
direct touch to the patient and the doctor hence his services
are widely needed by the public and patients. He dispenses
medicines with a prescription and in certain cases without a
prescription where applicable (OTC drugs). As he is the person
who will be in direct contact with the public, he has to play an
important role in dealing with the health and welfare of the
patients. In India, still the role of community pharmacist is not
Education and Training Program in Hospital 141
so much recognized till today and needs strong efforts. The
various roles of community pharmacist are given below.
PP
PP
P
roper Diet Rroper Diet R
roper Diet Rroper Diet R
roper Diet R
egimeegime
egimeegime
egime
Community pharmacist along with the dietitian gives infor-
mation of adequate nutrition by advising his patients about
• Basic nutritional food
• Proper fooding habits in children and infants
• Special diet instructions for diabetic and cardiac patients,
and
• People with food allergy.
PP
PP
P
regnant Wregnant W
regnant Wregnant W
regnant W
omen and Infants Careomen and Infants Care
omen and Infants Careomen and Infants Care
omen and Infants Care
Women are the corner stone for effective public health, a
healthy woman gives a healthy family, community and the
nation. Again this is the drawback in developing countries like
India, the women’s health receives the least priority. The
pharmacist who understands the normal course of pregnancy
and infancy and he or she can guide the mother in simple
matters of nutrition, hygiene and prophylaxis of diseases. The
community pharmacist can encourage breastfeeding and can
play a major role by guiding the mother for the protection of
the child by following proper immunization schedule.
Appropriate use of MedicinesAppropriate use of Medicines
Appropriate use of MedicinesAppropriate use of Medicines
Appropriate use of Medicines
A right drug taken at the right time is the basic motto behind
treating for any ailment or diseases and for this again
community pharmacist can give advice on the administration
of the medication, provide information on the storage of the
medication and wherever necessary he can counsel the patient.
Drug information awareness programmes should be
conducted to make people aware of side effects of certain OTC
drugs, e.g. aspirin—a wonder drug also has many side effects
like gastric ulceration; asthma and large doses may cause
tinnitus. Regular use of paracetamol can cause harm to the liver.
Very few common people know that drugs such as Action 500,
Coldarin can increase blood pressure in patients having
hypertension.
Pharmacy Practice142
Giving Knowledge about Sexually TGiving Knowledge about Sexually T
Giving Knowledge about Sexually TGiving Knowledge about Sexually T
Giving Knowledge about Sexually T
ransmitted Diseases—ransmitted Diseases—
ransmitted Diseases—ransmitted Diseases—
ransmitted Diseases—
AIDSAIDS
AIDSAIDS
AIDS
Because of lack of education and awareness presently India
has 3.5 million HIV positive cases, which is about 10% of the
global HIV cases and second to South Africa. HIV drugs are
expensive and beyond the reach of common man. Community
pharmacist can educate people in the prevention and
information of HIV/AIDS. For this, Federation of Indian
Pharmacists project in India on involvement of pharmacist in
fight against AIDS is doing very good job. Another sensitive
issue is the increasing number of women patients suffering
from AIDS in India, alone the number has risen from 7% in
1985 to 18% in 1995.
Knowledge about Drug Abuse and SmokingKnowledge about Drug Abuse and Smoking
Knowledge about Drug Abuse and SmokingKnowledge about Drug Abuse and Smoking
Knowledge about Drug Abuse and Smoking
Community pharmacist plays an important role in the
management of alcoholism and drug abuse. The pharmacist
has a key role to help individuals who become dependent upon
alcohol and drug abuse. It is the responsibility of a community
pharmacist to take an active role in helping the smokers to
stop smoking. The best way is to conduct counseling sessions
by the community pharmacist where they can guide the victims
by meditation and treating them by medicines.
FF
FF
F
amily Planningamily Planning
amily Planningamily Planning
amily Planning
One of the greatest needs of the hour is to control the
tremendously increasing population in India. A community
pharmacist is the one who can control this rising population
by counseling with people and doing programmes which
exhibit the problems related with large families. He can tell
the various family planning measures that are available in the
market at affordable prices.
ISOLISOL
ISOLISOL
ISOL
AA
AA
A
TED KEY POINTSTED KEY POINTS
TED KEY POINTSTED KEY POINTS
TED KEY POINTS
• Hospital pharmacy is the department in a hospital where the
direction is given by registered medical practitioner (RMP) to
pharmacist, who supplies medications and other medical
devices to the nursing units and other places where prescrip-
tions are filled for ambulatory patients and outpatients.
Education and Training Program in Hospital 143
• Pharmacist is a backbone of healthcare system.
• Different roles of pharmacist are like industrial, academics,
community health, clinical research, drug design and
discovery, developing NDDS, etc. In nutshell pharmacist
plays an integral part of healthcare system.
• “Physician gives medicine to the patients but life to
medicine is given by pharmacist”.
• Code of ethics: “Pharmacists are health professionals who
assist individuals in making the best use of medications.
This code, prepared and supported by pharmacists, is
intended to state publicly the principles that form the
fundamental basis of the roles and responsibilities of
pharmacists. These principles, based on moral obligations
and virtues, are established to guide pharmacists in
relationships with patients, health professionals, and
society”.
• The seven principles of code of ethics are:
i. The care of patients is the first concern
ii. Professional judgment to be taken in the interests of
patients and the public
iii. Show respect for others
iv. Encouraging patients regarding health.
v. Developing professional knowledge and competence
vi. Be honest and trustworthy
vii. Take responsibility for the working practices.
• “Community pharmacy means any place under the direct
supervision of a pharmacist where the practice of pharmacy
occurs or where prescription orders are compounded and
dispensed other than a hospital pharmacy or a limited
service pharmacy”.
• The various roles of community pharmacist are:
i. Proper diet regime
ii. Pregnant women and infants care
iii. Appropriate use of medicines
iv. Giving knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases—
AIDS
v. Knowledge about drug abuse and smoking
vi. Family planning
Pharmacy Practice144
PRAPRA
PRAPRA
PRA
CTICE QUESTIONSCTICE QUESTIONS
CTICE QUESTIONSCTICE QUESTIONS
CTICE QUESTIONS
VV
VV
V
erer
erer
er
y Shory Shor
y Shory Shor
y Shor
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. Define education and training program in the hospital.
2. What is internal and external program?
3. Define code of ethics.
4. Explain the role of community pharmacist.
5. Enumerate various roles of a pharmacist.
ShorShor
ShorShor
Shor
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. Write the role of pharmacist in the education and training
program.
2. What is the role of pharmacist in education training?
3. Explain the role of pharmacist in public awareness of
disease prevention.
4. Explain the role of hospital pharmacist in external teaching
programs?
5. Write a note on code of ethics for community pharmacist.
LL
LL
L
ong Answer Tong Answer T
ong Answer Tong Answer T
ong Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. What is code of ethics?Write the seven principles of code of
ethics.
2. Discuss the role of community pharmacist. Explain its role
in
A. Giving knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases
B. Knowledge about drug–drug abuse and smoking
C. Knowledge about family planning
Objective TObjective T
Objective TObjective T
Objective T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. RMP stands for:
A. Retail medical practitioner
B. Registered medical practitioner
C. Retail medicament practitioner
D. None of these
2. There are _____ principles of code of ethics.
A. 5 B. 9
C. 7 D. 3
3. Number of women patients suffering from AIDS in india
rise from _____ in 1985 to ___ in 1995.
Education and Training Program in Hospital 145
A. 9–16% B. 7–18%
C. 5–15% D. 8–14%
4. Physician give medicine to patient but life to medicine is
given by ______.
AnswersAnswers
AnswersAnswers
Answers
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. Pharmacist
MEDICAMEDICA
MEDICAMEDICA
MEDICA
TION ORDERSTION ORDERS
TION ORDERSTION ORDERS
TION ORDERS
A medication order is written directions provided by a
prescribing practitioner for a specific medication to be
administered to an individual. The prescribing practitioner may
also give a medication order verbally to a licensed person such
as a pharmacist or a nurse. The different types of medication
orders are:
i. Written order on a consultation form, signed by the
practitioner
ii. Written list of medication orders, signed by the
practitioner
iii. A verbal order given to a licensed person
iv. Electronic prescriptions signed electronically via a
secured system
The term prescribing practitioner means:
i. Physicians
ii. Nurse practitioners
iii. Dentists
iv. Physician’s assistants
v. Optometrist
Medication orders are given on an “as needed” basis for
specific signs and symptoms like:
i. Tiredness
ii. Increased anxiety or agitation
iii. Headache
iv. Coughing, sneezing, fever and itching.
Prescribed Medication Order
and Communication Skills
15
Prescribed Medication Order and Communication Skills 147
Prescription medications are dispensed only upon the clear,
complete, and signed order of a person lawfully authorized to
prescribe. Verbal prescription orders are received only by a
licensed pharmacist. Residents shall maintain only those
medications prescribed by their physician or authorized
prescriber. Physician/prescriber orders are required for all
prescription and non-prescription (over-the-counter)
medications for residents who receive medication assistance
from the staff. No resident shall be permitted to use or take
another resident’s prescription medication. Medication orders
(prescriptions) contain all of the elements required by law
which include:
i. Patient name
ii. Date
iii. Name of medication
iv. Strength of medication
v. Dose and dosage form
vi. Frequency of administration
vii. Route of administration
viii. Duration of therapy
ix. Prescriber name and signature
x. Refill authorization
Communication SkillsCommunication Skills
Communication SkillsCommunication Skills
Communication Skills
Pharmacists work in very diverse practice settings—
hospitals, community pharmacies, clinics, health-maintenance
organizations, home. The needs of the patients served in these
settings vary greatly, they may have acute or chronic diseases,
be ambulatory or bedridden, and be under a physician’s care
or seeking a self-care remedy. To promote rational drug
therapy, pharmacists must be able to communicate effectively
with patients, their caregivers, and other healthcare providers.
ImporImpor
ImporImpor
Impor
tance of Communication Skillstance of Communication Skills
tance of Communication Skillstance of Communication Skills
tance of Communication Skills
Pharmacy always has been considered a people’s profession,
especially community pharmacies. Pharmaceutical care involves
responsibility, outcomes, and a patient’s quality of life. Only
by communicating with patient and other healthcare providers