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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5739_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Pharmacy Practice88
MEDICATION HISTORY FORM
Demographic Data:
Patient’s Name: Male/Female:
Consultant: Ward:
Admission Data: Interview Data:
1. Prescribed medication: What medicines are you having at the
moment?
(A) Record here what the patient tells
(B) Other drugs/Medicines taken earlier with date.
2. Non-prescribed medication: Do you take anything that you buy
from a shop without a prescription—chemist, health food stores
and super market?
(A) Currently being used:
(B) Used previously (with dates if possible):
3. Social drugs: Ask what and how much/many per week?
(A) Smoking:
(B) Alcohol:
4. Response of Drug Therapy
(A) Do you think that current medication is benefiting you?
If yes, how?
If no, why?
iii. Vaccinations done
iv. Alternative or traditional remedies taken
v. Description of reactions and allergies related to medicine
vi. Medicines which are not effective
• Patient should recognize the importance of medication for
his well being.
Patient Medication History Interview 89
• Patient’s understanding of strategies to deal with medi-
cation side effects and drug interactions should be
improved.
• Patient becomes informed and actively participant in
disease treatment and self care.
• Drug interactions and adverse drug reactions can be
prevented.
• Provide better patient compliance.
ISOLISOL
ISOLISOL
ISOL
AA
AA
A
TED KEY POINTSTED KEY POINTS
TED KEY POINTSTED KEY POINTS
TED KEY POINTS
• The medication history interview is an important
information which a pharmacist used to gather information
and implement to improve overall patient health.
• The medication history interview helps the pharmacist to
know about the patient’s medication, experiences and
sharing this valuable information with other health care
professionals for the betterment of patient.
• Patient medication history is a detailed, accurate and
complete account of all prescribed and non-prescribed
medications that a patient had taken or is currently taking.
• The medication history interview gives important infor-
mation regarding patient’s allergic tendencies, adherence to
pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments and
self medication with complementary and alternative
medicines.
• Medication histories are important in preventing pres-
cription errors and consequent risks to patients.
• Goals of medication history interview is to obtain information
on aspects of drug use that may assist in overall care of patient.
• The medication history interview obtained helps in:
a. Comparing medication profile with the medication
administration.
b. Verify medication history given by other staffs and
provide additional information where appropriate.
c. Help patient to deal with medication side effects.
d. Drug interactions and adverse drug reactions can be
prevented.
e. Provide better patient compliance.
Pharmacy Practice90
PRAPRA
PRAPRA
PRA
CTICE QUESTIONSCTICE QUESTIONS
CTICE QUESTIONSCTICE QUESTIONS
CTICE QUESTIONS
VV
VV
V
erer
erer
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y Shory Shor
y Shory Shor
y Shor
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. Define patient medication history interview.
2. What is the importance of PMHI?
3. How medication history interview helps a pharmacist?
4. What are the advantages of patient medication history
interview?
ShorShor
ShorShor
Shor
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer Tt Answer T
t Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. Write the steps involved in patient medication history
interview.
2. Enlist the various points that are mentioned in the patint
history form.
3. Write a note on social drugs.
4. Enumerate the importance of PHMI.
5. List down the benefits and significance of PHMI.
LL
LL
L
ong Answer Tong Answer T
ong Answer Tong Answer T
ong Answer T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. Define PHMI. What are the goals and objectives of PHMI.
2. Draw a proper medication history form with all the suitable
details. Also mention the list of questions that are asked to
the patient while medication history interview.
Objective TObjective T
Objective TObjective T
Objective T
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questionsype Questions
ype Questions
1. What is PHMI?
A. Patient medication history interview
B. Patient medicine history interval
C. Patient mental health interview
D. None of these
2. Why is PHMI important?
A. To maintain record
B. For preventing prescription errors and consequent risks
to patients
C. For better results
D. None of these
3. Medication history form consists of:
A. Prescribed medication
B. Non-prescribed medication
Patient Medication History Interview 91
C. Social drugs and response of drug therapy
D. All of the above
4. Patient ______ history is a detailed, accurate and complete
account of all prescribed and non-prescribed medications.
5. Medication history is important in preventing ________
error and consequent risks to patients.
AnswersAnswers
AnswersAnswers
Answers
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. Medication 5. Prescriptions
Working with doctors and other healthcare professionals
community pharmacists are helping patients to get the most from
their medicines so that they suffer fewer symptoms, experience
less side effects and understand their treatment better and all
things that are needed for happier healthier patients.
The community pharmacy medicines management (CPMM)
project is a unique study. Its objective is to introduce a struc-
tured intervention process into the relationship between the
community pharmacist, the patient and the general practitio-
ner. The project is designed as a randomized controlled trial
(RCT) that is seeking to evaluate if community pharmacists
can contribute to health outcomes in cardiovascular disease
through medicines management services.
The community pharmacy management is a unique study.
Its main objective is to introduce a structural intervention
process into the relationship between community pharmacist,
patient, general practitioner. The project is design or random
controlled so as to evaluate community pharmacist who can
contribute to help outcome in cardiovascular diseases by
medicine management.
FINANCIALS AND MAINTENANCE OF VFINANCIALS AND MAINTENANCE OF V
FINANCIALS AND MAINTENANCE OF VFINANCIALS AND MAINTENANCE OF V
FINANCIALS AND MAINTENANCE OF V
ARIOUS REGISTERSARIOUS REGISTERS
ARIOUS REGISTERSARIOUS REGISTERS
ARIOUS REGISTERS
RR
RR
R
etail and Wholesale Drug Storesetail and Wholesale Drug Stores
etail and Wholesale Drug Storesetail and Wholesale Drug Stores
etail and Wholesale Drug Stores
RR
RR
R
ecord of Pecord of P
ecord of Pecord of P
ecord of P
urchase of Drugsurchase of Drugs
urchase of Drugsurchase of Drugs
urchase of Drugs
The records pertaining to the purchase of all drugs whether
intended to be sold in retail or by wholesale should be
maintained under the following heading:
Community Pharmacy
Management
10
Community Pharmacy Management 93
i. Date of purchase.
ii. Name and address of the licensee from whom purchased
and his license number.
iii. Name and quantity of the drug and its batch number.
iv. Name of the manufacturer of the drug and its batch
number.
Purchase bills inhering cash or credit memos should be kept
as records.
RR
RR
R
ecord of Sale of Drugsecord of Sale of Drugs
ecord of Sale of Drugsecord of Sale of Drugs
ecord of Sale of Drugs
Sale of Drugs other than Those Specified in Schedule XSale of Drugs other than Those Specified in Schedule X
Sale of Drugs other than Those Specified in Schedule XSale of Drugs other than Those Specified in Schedule X
Sale of Drugs other than Those Specified in Schedule X
Sale of any drug other than those specified in schedule X is
required to be recorded at the time of supply in a prescribed
register maintained for the purpose or in a cashbook or in a
cash or credit memo book. The following particulars are
required to be entered:
i. Serial number of the entry
ii. Date of supply.
iii. Name and address of the purchaser.
iv. Name and address of the patient or the name and
address of the owner of the animal if the drug is supplied
for veterinary use.
v. Name along with the quantities of drug supplied.
vi. In case of schedules H and C drugs, the name of the
manufacturer, its batch number and the expiry date, if
any.
vii. Signature of the registered pharmacist under whose
supervision the medicine was made or supplied.
Sale of Drugs Specified in Schedule XSale of Drugs Specified in Schedule X
Sale of Drugs Specified in Schedule XSale of Drugs Specified in Schedule X
Sale of Drugs Specified in Schedule X
Supply of schedule X drugs should be recoded at the time of
supply in a bound and serially numbered register maintained
for this purpose and separate pages should be allotted for each
drugs. The following particulars should be mentioned in the
register:
i. Date of purchase
ii. Quantity recoiled, if any, the name and address of
supplier and the license number of the supplier.
Pharmacy Practice94
iii. Name and quantity of the drug supplied
iv. Manufacturer's name, batch or lot number
v. Name and address of the patient/purchaser
vi. Reference number of the prescription against which
supplies were made
vii. Bill number and date of receipt of purchase or supply
made by him.
RR
RR
R
ecords of Purchase of Drugsecords of Purchase of Drugs
ecords of Purchase of Drugsecords of Purchase of Drugs
ecords of Purchase of Drugs
The records of the purchase of all drugs should be maintained
under the following heading:
i. Date purchased.
ii. Name and address of the licensee from whom
purchased, with license number.
iii. Name and quantity of drug and its batch number.
iv. Name and address of manufacturer of the drugs.
R R
R R
R
ecords of Sale of Drugsecords of Sale of Drugs
ecords of Sale of Drugsecords of Sale of Drugs
ecords of Sale of Drugs
i. Sale of drugs other than those specified in schedule X.
ii. Sale of drugs following registered day.
iii. Day of purchase.
iv. Quantity received, name, and address
v. Name and quantity of the drug supplied.
vi. Manufacturer’s name and batch number.
vii. Name and address of patients.
viii. Bill number and date of purchase.
Before opening a drug store (whether retail or wholesale),
specific laws are imposed such as:
1. Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules (1940 and 1945)
2. Poison Act, 1919
3. Dangerous Drug Act
4. Prohibition and Excise Rules
5. Pharmacy Act, 1948
6. Shops and Establishment Act.
MAMA
MAMA
MA
TERIALSTERIALS
TERIALSTERIALS
TERIALS
Sufficient number of racks should be provided for storage of
drugs and supplies. Fire extinguishers should be provided at
Community Pharmacy Management 95
strategic points along with fire buckets to fight sudden fires
due to stored drugs and chemicals. Materials which are stocked
and are listed as under:
i. Capsules, tablets, liquid dosage form, injections, etc.
ii. Biological, antibiotics are stored properly in refrigerator.
iii. Narcotics and psychotropic substances are stored in
racks, labeled and kept under lock and key.
iv. ‘Poisons’ are stored in separate closed rack, labelled as
“Poison”.
v. Large bulk items on bottom.
vi. Vaccines and other thermolabile drugs are required to
be stored at cold store at 2–10°C. Antibiotics, vitamins,
liver preparations, etc. should be stored at cool tem-
perature (15–20°C).
vii. To avoid pilferage costly drugs and prescribed schedule
X drugs should be stored separately under lock and key.
STST
STST
ST
AFF REQUIREMENTAFF REQUIREMENT
AFF REQUIREMENTAFF REQUIREMENT
AFF REQUIREMENT
Generally, the staff of a drug store depends on the type of store
(retail or wholesale), sale turnover, space of the drug store,
and financial position of the drug store. For a medium-sized
drug store, the following manpower is required.
1. Owner or manager
2. Salesman and two counter salesmen
3. Two delivery boys
4. One clerk
5. One part-time or full time accountant
6. Driver of the vehicle
1. Manager: Basically, it is the duty and responsibility of the
owner or manager to look after the whole business
regarding purchasing, storing, distributing, supervising the
staff and planning all these activities in the best possible
way.
2. Salesman/counter salesman: Salesman who will go to the
market and meet various retailers, should be energetic,
influential, skilful and should possess sufficient knowledge
about pharmaceuticals. He should be wise and tactful to
collect the repayments promptly from the customers to
Pharmacy Practice96
whom the goods were sold on credit. He should be able to
query solutions.
3. Delivery boys: The main work of delivery boys is to deliver
the goods on the premises to the customers against the
orders placed on the spot.
4. Clerk: One clerk is required for writing the cash/credit bills
transferring the bill on creditor’s account regularly, placing
the orders with suppliers, typing the letters and reminders.
Sometimes clerks are assigned to do the bank work like
depositing the cash, cheques withdrawal from banks and
other related jobs.
5. Accountant: Depending upon the workload, one accountant
on part-time or full time basis may be employed to maintain
the accounts, enter bills in debit accounts, prepare balance
sheet, trial balance, etc. The accountant should be B.Com or
M.Com having experience in accounts.
6. Driver: Depending on the nature of vehicle driver is required
to supply the drugs to other wholesalers, retailers and user
departments. The vehicles employed for this work may
include bicycle, rickshaw, scooter, delivery van, etc.
INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTSINFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
Objectives of a Good LObjectives of a Good L
Objectives of a Good LObjectives of a Good L
Objectives of a Good L
ayout Designayout Design
ayout Designayout Design
ayout Design
A good layout design aims at achieving the following
objectives:
1. To ensure compliance with the legal requirements.
2. To ensure maximum utilization of the available space.
3. To reduce the running cost of the drug store.
4. To ensure better supervision of the store thereby reducing
chances of pilferage, breakage, etc.
5. To ensure adequate protection to the medicines against
deteriorating effects of light, heat and moisture.
6. To attract maximum number of customers into the drug
store.
7. To increase the amount of total purchase of each person
entering the drug store.
8. To improve the general and professional image of the store.
Features of a good layout design.
Community Pharmacy Management 97
A good store layout design should have the following
features:
1. There should be proper ventilation facilities in the drug
store to project a sense of cleanliness.
2. There should be proper illumination inside the drug store
by using tube lights (neon or fluorescent). Lighting by
bulbs should be avoided since it presents a gloomy picture.
3. The walls and roof should be painted with washable paint
for easy cleaning. White or light shade of color should be
used since light color brings a feeling of cleanliness.
4. Sufficient number of wooden or steel racks should be
provided. These should be painted white from inside and
should be fitted with glass doors.
5. The counters should be made of wood having sunmica on
top.
6. Office furniture such as table and sufficient number of
chairs should be provided.
7. Sufficient wasting space with comfortable chairs should be
provided for the customers.
8. All the medicines and accessories should be placed on the
shelves and there should be efficient use of space and
height in arranging the items. The movement of men and
materials should be minimized thus saving time, cost and
surveillance.
9. Fast moving items should be kept handy near the counter
while show moving ones may be kept at the back on upper
shelves. Bulky items should be stored on bottom shelves.
10. Accessories and equipment such as surgical instruments,
gloves, sutures, etc. should be store in separate racks
specially reserved for the purpose.
11. Cash counter and cropping counter should be located near
the gate.
12. The medicine may be stored alphabetically or according to
the categories to their manufactures.
SELECTION OF SITESELECTION OF SITE
SELECTION OF SITESELECTION OF SITE
SELECTION OF SITE
The slection of the exact site or piece of land at which the drug
store is proposed to be established is of prime importance. The